Bell Work
• Grab a HW and a cut out
• Write in CJ.
• Cut and glue the figure
Unit 2
Matter & Its Properties
• Agenda:
• What is matter?
• Classifications of matter
• States of matter
• Physical & chemical properties and
changes
• Density
• Separation Methods for Mixtures
Classifications of Matter
• How are the following substances
different?
– Sodium
– Sodium chloride (table salt)
– Sodium chloride mixed in water
– Sodium chloride mixed in sand
• Do you think that all of these
substances would be the same
classification of matter?
Matter, Mass, & Volume
• Matter
– Anything that has mass and
volume.
• Mass
– Measure of the amount of matter.
• Volume
– Amount of three-dimensional space that
an object occupies.
Classifications of Matter
• Pure Substance
• Mixture
Pure Substance
• It has a fixed chemical composition
(there is a specific formula that
describe the substance)
• Cannot be separated by physical means
• It has distinct properties and fixed
composition, that do not change from
sample to sample
Which one is
the pure substance?
Pure Substances
• Classified as:
– Element
– Compound
Element
• Substance that contains only 1 kind of
atom and cannot be broken down into
simpler substances.
– Atom: smallest unit of matter.
– There are 118 known elements
Ex: carbon (C), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na)
– Some elements are diatomic molecules -
they exist in nature as two bonded atoms.
• Molecules are the smallest unit of
bonded atoms
• H2, O2, F2, Br2, I2, N2, Cl2
Elements EXAMPLE
Carbon (C) Fluorine (F2)
Atom Molecule
Compound
• Substance made from atoms of 2 or more
elements that are chemically bonded in a
fixed proportion (always has a formula)
• it has different properties from its
component elements properties
• It can be broken down by ordinary chemical
means into the different elements that
make it up.
Compound EXAMPLE
1. This compound is made from 2 elements:
Water (H2O) Hydrogen Oxygen
2. The proportion is fixed:
2 atoms of Hydrogen 1 atom of Oxygen
3. The properties are different from its component
elements properties
Water Hydrogen Oxygen
State at room T Liquid Gas Gas
Boiling point 100 C -253 C -183 C
Flammable NO YES NO
4. It can be broken down into its component
elements by passing an electric current through it.
Compound EXAMPLES
Compounds
Mixture
• It does not have a fixed
chemical composition (NO
FORMULA)
• Properties and composition can
change.
• Substances retain their own
properties because there are
not chemically bonded together.
• It can be separated by physical
means.
Mixture of elements
1. This mixture is made from 2
elements:
Carbon (C) Fluorine (F2)
2. The proportion between the elements
is not fixed
3. Carbon and Florine maintain their
own properties
Mixture of compounds
1. This compound is made from 2
elements:
Water Carbon
dioxide
2. The proportion between the elements
is not fixed
3. Carbon and Florine maintain their
own properties
Mixture of compounds
and elements
1. This compound is made from 2
elements and 1 compound:
Sodium
Phosphorous
Carbon dioxide
2. The proportion between compounds
and elements is not fixed
3. Sodium, Phosphorous and Carbon
dioxide maintain their own properties
WRITE IT
Mixtures
• Are classified as:
• Homogeneous
• Heterogeneous
Homogeneous Mixtures
• You cannot see the
parts that make up
the substance.
• Uniform
composition.
• “Appear” to contain
only one type of
substance.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
• You can see
the parts that
make up the
substance.
• Composition is
not uniform
throughout.
Mixture
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Distinguishing between
heterogeneous and homogeneous
mixtures.
• Sometimes it is difficult to classify
mixtures as either heterogeneous or
homogeneous
• An easy way to classify them is based
on the size of the particles that make
them up.
• Solutions, suspensions
Solutions
• Two components:
– Solvent: substance capable of
dissolving other substances.
– Solute: the substance dissolved in the
solvent.
• Particles are very small and
dissolve to form a homogeneous
mixture
• Aqueous (aq): dissolved in water.
– Ex. HCl (aq)
Solutions
Solute
Suspensions
• Particles are large
and settle down
into layers (unless
mixture is constantly
agitated)
• Examples: Salad
dressing
Colloids
• Particles are
intermediate
between the small
particles in a
solution and the
larger particles in a
suspension
• Examples: milk,
fog, whipped
cream, dust in air.
Matter
Yes Does it have a fixed chemical No
composition?
Pure Substance Mixture
Can it be chemically separated Is the composition the same
into simpler substances? throughout?
Yes No
No Yes
Element Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Mixture Mixture
Solutions Suspensions &
Colloids
