Scribd
Upload
4 views

1_Computer_Fundamentals (1)

The document provides class notes on computer fundamentals, covering the definition, functions, and components of a computer system, including input and output devices, the CPU, and memory units. It also discusses types of software, number systems, and the history and generations of computers. Understanding these fundamentals is essential for various fields, emphasizing the foundational role of computer knowledge.

Uploaded by

mohammedshadhath7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

1_Computer_Fundamentals (1)

The document provides class notes on computer fundamentals, covering the definition, functions, and components of a computer system, including input and output devices, the CPU, and memory units. It also discusses types of software, number systems, and the history and generations of computers. Understanding these fundamentals is essential for various fields, emphasizing the foundational role of computer knowledge.

Uploaded by

mohammedshadhath7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Computer Fundamentals - Class Notes

Course: Introduction to Computers

Semester: 1

Instructor: Prof. Anil Kumar

-----------------------------------------

Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It has the ability to store,

retrieve, and process data.

Functions of a Computer:

1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

-----------------------------------------

Chapter 2: Components of a Computer System

1. Input Devices: Devices used to provide data to the computer.

- Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone

2. Output Devices: Devices that show the result of processing.

- Examples: Monitor, Printer, Speakers


3. Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer.

- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

- CU (Control Unit)

4. Memory Units:

- Primary Memory: RAM (Volatile), ROM (Non-volatile)

- Secondary Memory: Hard Drive, SSD, USB Drive

-----------------------------------------

Chapter 3: Types of Software

1. System Software: Includes operating systems like Windows, Linux, and device drivers.

2. Application Software: Programs that perform specific tasks like MS Word, Excel.

3. Utility Software: Helps maintain and protect the computer (Antivirus, Backup tools).

-----------------------------------------

Chapter 4: Number Systems

Used to represent data in computers.

1. Binary (Base 2)

2. Octal (Base 8)

3. Decimal (Base 10)

4. Hexadecimal (Base 16)


Conversion examples and exercises:

- Convert (1010)2 to Decimal

- Convert (25)10 to Binary

-----------------------------------------

Chapter 5: History & Generations of Computers

1. First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum Tubes

2. Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors

3. Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits

4. Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessors

5. Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond): AI and Quantum Computing

-----------------------------------------

Conclusion

Understanding computer fundamentals is essential for every field. From typing documents to

creating programs, computer knowledge is foundational.

Prepared by: Mohammed Shadhath

You might also like