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Chao’an Lai

Intelligent Manufacturing
Chao’an Lai
South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

ISBN 978-981-19-0166-9 e-ISBN 978-981-19-0167-6

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0167-6

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive

license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively
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Preface
In the report of the 19th National Congress, General Secretary Xi
Jinping has addressed the importance of “accelerating the construction
of manufacturing power, accelerating the development of advanced
manufacturing industry, and promoting the deep integration of the
Internet, big data, artificial intelligence technology, and the real
economy.” In response, this book explores the new mode of integration
and development of the new generation of information technology and
manufacturing industry, including the Internet, big data, and artificial
intelligence technology. It promotes transforming and upgrading from
“manufacturing” to “intelligent manufacturing.” Intelligent
manufacturing has been called the “fourth industrial revolution”. This
book shows the path and method of intelligent manufacturing system
planning, design and implementation, through the deep integration of
the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and manufacturing process,
to promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises. This book
consists of six chapters, shows the implementation of intelligent
manufacturing process with 12 benchmarking enterprises, discusses
the planning, implementation and control of intelligent manufacturing
system technology and method of theory, analysis the five hierarchies of
intelligent manufacturing system, the five stages of life cycle, five kinds
of intelligent depth, as well as a comprehensive and structured
implementation method, cultivate the reader’s vocational ability to
develop intelligent solutions and implementation based on complex,
uncertain environment needs. This book will be interesting and useful
to a wide readership in the various fields of management, information
science, and engineering science.
I want to thank Ms. Lai Sirun for polishing the text. Thanks to Prof.
Sun Yanming, Vice President of Guangzhou University, and Prof. Song
Tiebo of South China University of Technology, for their guidance in
academic research, and the Guangdong Province Soft Science Project
(2019A101002006) for its support.
Chao’an Lai
Guangzhou, China
Contents
1 Background, Basic Concepts and Methods
1.​1 Inspiration Case:​Huawei’s Comprehensive Cloud
1.​2 The Introduction
1.​3 Background
1.​3.​1 China’s Manufacturing Industry Environment
1.​3.​2 New Industrial Revolution
1.​3.​3 Next-Generation Manufacturing Model
1.​4 Connotation and Goal of IM
1.​4.​1 Definition of IM
1.​4.​2 The Goal of IM
1.​5 International Comparison and Experience Reference of IM
1.​5.​1 International Comparison of IM Strategies
1.​5.​2 Comparison of Reference Architecture of IM Model
1.​6 IM Maturity Model
1.​7 Implementation Guidelines for IM
1.​7.​1 Standards Lead and Specifications First
1.​7.​2 Lean Production and Foundation Strengthening
1.​7.​3 Unified Planning from Top to Bottom
1.​7.​4 Step-By-Step Implementation and Concerning the
Order of Difficulty and Ease
1.​7.​5 Supporting from Head and Training of Staff
1.​8 Practical Cases:​GE and the Industrial Internet
References
2 System Level of Intelligent Manufacturing
 2.​1 Inspiration Case:​Dongguan Tianxiang Clothing Company’s
Integration of Informatization and Industrializatio​n
2.​2 The Introduction
2.​3 Equipment Layer
2.​4 Control Layer
2.​4.​1 Man–Machine Fusion
2.​4.​2 Control System
2.​5 Workshop Layer
2.​5.​1 MES
2.​5.​2 APS
2.​6 Factory Layer
2.​6.​1 PLM
2.​6.​2 ERP
2.​6.​3 SCM
2.​7 Coordination Layer
2.​7.​1 Internal Coordination
2.​7.​2 Inter-enterprise Collaboration
2.​8 Vertical Integration Through the Hierarchy
2.​9 Practical Case:​Production Execution Optimization Model of
Chrysler Corporation
Reference
3 Life Cycle of Intelligent Manufacturing
3.​1 Inspiration Case:​The Tool Life Cycle Management of
Huizhuan Company
3.​2 The Introduction
3.​3 Design and R&​D
3.​3.​1 Development Trend
 3.​3.​2 Business Model
3.​4 Production and Manufacturing
3.​4.​1 Development Trend
3.​4.​2 Business Model
3.​5 Logistics
3.​5.​1 Development Trend
3.​5.​2 Business Model
3.​6 Sales
3.​6.​1 Development Trend
3.​6.​2 Business Model
3.​7 Services
3.​7.​1 Development Trend
3.​7.​2 Business Model
3.​8 End-to-End Integration Covering the Entire Product Life
Cycle
3.​9 Practical Cases:​Product Service System—Based on the
Cases of Four Enterprises
4 Intelligent Features of Intelligent Manufacturing
4.​1 Inspiration Case:​The Supply Chain Intelligence Service
Platform of Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Co.​, LTD.​
4.​2 The Introduction
4.​3 Five Levels of Intelligent Features
4.​4 Resource Elements
4.​4.​1 Strategy and Organization
4.​4.​2 Employees
4.​4.​3 Production Equipment
4.​4.​4 Energy
 4.​5 Connectivity
4.​5.​1 Network Environment
4.​5.​2 Network Security
4.​6 System Integration
4.​6.​1 Application Integration
4.​6.​2 System Security
4.​7 Information Fusion
4.​7.​1 Data Fusion
4.​7.​2 Data Application
4.​7.​3 Data Security
4.​8 Emerging Industries
4.​8.​1 Personalized Customization
4.​8.​2 Remote Operation and Maintenance
4.​8.​3 Network Collaborative Manufacturing and Horizontal
Integration
4.​9 Integration of Three Dimensions
4.​10 Practical Cases:​Haier’s “Integration of People and Orders”
and the Internet Factory Ecosystem
Reference
5 Comprehensive Implementation Path of Intelligent
Manufacturing
5.​1 Inspiration Case:​Toyota’s Lean Manufacturing
5.​2 The Introduction
5.​3 Planning Level (Level 1):​System Planning and Production
Improvement
5.​3.​1 System Planning
5.​3.​2 Lean Production
 5.​4 Specification Level (Level 2):​Standardization and
Digitization
5.​4.​1 Modular
5.​4.​2 Standardization
5.​4.​3 Automation
5.​4.​4 Digitalization and 3D Data Model
5.​5 Integration Level (Level 3):​Interconnection, Integration
and Networking
5.​5.​1 Industrial Cloud Platform
5.​5.​2 Industrial Internet
5.​5.​3 Cyber-Physical System (CPS)
5.​6 Optimization Level (Level 4):​Big Data and Knowledge
Management
5.​6.​1 Industrial Big Data
5.​6.​2 Knowledge Management
5.​7 Leading Level (Level 5):​Artificial Intelligence and
Collaborative Innovation
5.​7.​1 Ecosystems
5.​7.​2 Artificial Intelligence
5.​7.​3 Intelligent Products
5.​7.​4 Intelligent Services
5.​8 Practical Case:​Midea Smart Factory
References
6 Future Research and Application Direction
6.​1 Inspiration Case:​Apple’s Next Generation Industry
6.​2 The Introduction
6.​3 Future Technology Trends of IM
 6.​3.​1 New Generation of Artificial Intelligence
6.​3.​2 5G Communication Technology
6.​3.​3 Block Chain
6.​3.​4 Multi-material 3D Printing
6.​4 Social Change and New Business Model
6.​4.​1 Social and Job Changes
6.​4.​2 Expansion of Industry Boundaries to New Industries
6.​4.​3 Enterprise Boundaries Disappear and Full-Channel
Customer Experience
6.​4.​4 Decentralize End-to-End Products and Services
6.​4.​5 Third-Party Cloud Platforms and Freelancers
6.​5 Technology Foresight for Industries Related to IM
6.​5.​1 Research Status of Industrial Technology Foresight at
Home and Abroad
6.​5.​2 Development Status of Industrial Robot Industry
6.​5.​3 Technology Foresight for Industrial Robot
6.​6 Practical Cases:​Jinbaoli Cloud Monitoring Platform for Fine
Chemical Industry
Reference
Appendix:​Research and Evaluation Outline of Intelligent
Manufacturing Level
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022
C. Lai, Intelligent Manufacturing
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0167-6_1

1. Background, Basic Concepts and

Methods
Chao’an Lai1
(1) South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong,
China

Chao’an Lai
Email: [email protected]

1.1 Inspiration Case: Huawei’s Comprehensive

Cloud
Huawei’s digital transformation is a long-term process. Since 2002,
Huawei started its transformation by introducing IBM’s Integrated
Product Development (IPD) and then introduced Siemens’
manufacturing technology. When the company’s sales revenue reached
20 billion yuan, Ren Zhengfei, president of the company, raised a
question: If the company could achieve 50 billion yuan, would senior
executives be able to manage such a scale? The answer is no, but IBM,
the industry giant, has the ability, so Huawei takes it as a benchmark to
learn and change. The IPD R&D process reform guided by IBM ensures
the reliability of Huawei’s entire R&D process. After reviewing the R&D
process, Huawei believes that IBM’s IPD may be a relatively slow and
cumbersome R&D management system. Still, it conforms to Huawei’s
“stable” characteristics, so it has adhered to the implementation but
constantly changed. The company has been thinking about adapting to
the wave of Internet change, promoting the integration of CT
(Communication Technology) and IT (Information Technology), and the
adjustment of IPD. Hence, the IPD operated by Huawei now is entirely
different from the IPD implemented more than a decade ago.
Above is just one example of Huawei’s overall digital revolution,
with only a starting point and no endpoint. According to the 2017
Global Connectivity Index (GCI) research report released by Huawei,
the development of the global digital economy is accelerating. The
correlation analysis between GCI indicators found that the cloud is one
of the key engines. Based on the concept that others cannot restrain
“key technologies”, the company’s overall cloud and overall
optimization are ultimately decided. A digital Huawei will be built in 3–
5 years.
Huawei needs to first digitize key business processes, then help
companies from various industries complete digital transformation.
Digitalization within an enterprise means opening up the business
processes, from marketing to R&D, production, service, finance, and
human resources. Huawei’s current application systems, including
information systems in production and office, currently have more than
600 information systems. This is similar to a workshop with more than
600 chimneys in the state of isolated islands. The flow resistance
between the chimneys consumes much energy, so the transition from
“chimney” to “pipe” must be promoted to form a continuous flow of
information from design to production. Ren Zhengfei pointed out that
IT reform should have a focal point. The speed and quality of the
information flow equal profit. Every time you add a process, you
subtract two; there are two review points removed for each additional
review point. Huawei has also been making information-based changes,
but never as determined as the comprehensive cloud.
The company has always emphasized making changes with a global
perspective and experience. The transformation revolves around these
two sentences: first, “more grain, increase the fertility of the land”;
Second, “To get rich, first build roads.” The first sentence means
increasing sales revenue and laying the groundwork for the next sales
team. The second sentence refers to the ability of the whole IT system
to be improved. In the next five years, the company’s sales revenue will
probably exceed 1 trillion yuan. To build this system, the concept of a
global resource pool is required first. For example, after the 5G R&D
project is determined, resources will be organized in dozens of R&D
centers worldwide to develop and lead the formulation of international
standards for 5G carrier network construction. After completing the
project, resources will be released back to the resource pool. The
second is a unified data platform. A unified data platform should
achieve complete and whole-process data homology and build a
database. By creating such a base to support a variety of applications on
the upper layer, but also the various applications call the data from the
same data source, there will be no data deviation. This is an end-to-end
intelligent operation based on the R&D cloud, terminal cloud, logistics
cloud, manufacturing cloud, collaborative office cloud, etc. All
applications are on the cloud, a unified data platform.
R&D cloud is the first Huawei cloud. This is used to support
software development and system CAD/CAE. The R&D cloud is the
spillover of the software development capability that Huawei has
accumulated over the past 30 years. It started in 2008, and the cloud’s
first goal was to keep software code from getting leaked, because this
kind of code leakage occurred every year. Before R&D cloud
implementation, for visitors coming to the computer area, Huawei
confidential areas are labeled as blue, red, or yellow, all mobile phones
of visitors can’t contain a camera, all people into and out of the region
need to go through “inhuman” body search, but even so, there have
been many code leaks, such as R&D department personnel getting to be
self-employed, in the production of similar products. After the
cloud implementation, all the code cannot be copied out. The second
purpose of cloud development is to improve efficiency. In iterative
development mode, the number of software iterations per day is a
magnitude previously unimaginable, which requires high efficiency in
the compilation process. If each department built its own server, it
would be inefficient because a single server would not have the
flexibility and computing power of the cloud. Therefore, Huawei
created the R&D cloud based on security and efficiency and also built
the test cloud, design cloud, and simulation cloud for the same reason.
At present, in the office of more than 80,000 R&D personnel of Huawei,
all R&D personnel have only one screen and no-host machine. They are
all connected to the cloud and developed on the desktop cloud.
The second representative Huawei cloud is a terminal cloud. At first,
the electronic mall was unwilling to put on the cloud because The Cloud
had just started. The mall will do sales promotion at 10 a.m. on Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday. At this time, there will be panic buying. There is
often much concurrent shopping, which first has a great impact on the
network and then on the back-end system. The traditional way is
capacity expansion, which is challenging to achieve elastic growth. The
concurrent effect is easy to cause a system shutdown. The terminal
cloud can take advantage of the unique scalability and agility of cloud to
withstand the shock of uncertainty. So later, the terminal business of
the mall was put on the cloud platform, which was the Huawei Terminal
cloud. At present, Huawei is starting to carry out intelligent and
customized work. For example, the mobile phones ordered in the mall
can be marked with buyers’ names. In the future, the company should
personalize it on a large scale to realize ultra-flexible manufacturing.
The third Huawei cloud is the logistics cloud. In logistics, the
application of big data and AI (artificial intelligence) is of great size. The
first is to use big data and AI algorithms to optimize the entire logistics
route. Huawei delivered 3.7 million orders and 70,000 logistics routes
in 2017. Using data to optimize the routes is crucial. Before the cloud,
Huawei used only internal data. No external data was introduced, such
as port congestion location, unrest events, weather conditions, etc. So
the prediction effect of the algorithm was inferior. After submitting
external data to optimize the algorithm, and through the decentralized
collection and centralized analysis of cloud platform data, logistics
cloud supports the annual delivery of 3.7 million orders, supports the
whole process of transportation goods management, and realizes
intelligent operation. In the logistics department, there is a big screen
showing the status of each order of goods. It clearly shows which port
the goods will arrive at, predicting the risk of accidents based on the big
data of logistics and how many days the accidents will affect the
delivery time. The most immediate advantage of this is that, in addition
to less air transportation, more sea transportation will reduce the cost.
Shipping alone saved more than $17 million in 2017.
The fourth Huawei cloud is a collaborative office cloud. At present,
Huawei can completely solve all office problems and realize the
connection of all elements with only one mobile phone. The first is the
connection between employees. When employees from different
countries communicate, they can use the translation function of the
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American people toward a healthful method
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purpose of encouraging athletics in every
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JAMES E. SULLIVAN
President American Sports Publishing Company; entered
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Pastime A. C., New York; honorary member Missouri A. C., St. Louis;
honorary member Olympic A. C., San Francisco; ex-president
Pastime A. C., New Jersey A. C., Knickerbocker A. C.; president
Metropolitan Association of the A. A. U. for fifteen years; president
Outdoor Recreation League; with Dr. Luther H. Gulick organized the
Public Schools Athletic League of New York, and is now chairman of
its games committee and member executive committee; was a
pioneer in playground work and one of the organizers of the Outdoor
Recreation League of New York; appointed by President Roosevelt as
special commissioner to the Olympic Games at Athens, 1906, and
decorated by King George I. of the Hellenes (Greece) for his services
in connection with the Olympic Games; appointed special
commissioner by President Roosevelt to the Olympic Games at
London, 1908; appointed by Mayor McClellan, 1908, as member of
the Board of Education of Greater New York.

WALTER CAMP
For quarter of a century Mr. Walter Camp of Yale has
occupied a leading position in college athletics. It is
immaterial what organization is suggested for college athletics, or for
the betterment of conditions, insofar as college athletics is
concerned, Mr. Camp has always played an important part in its
conferences, and the great interest in and high plane of college
sport to-day, are undoubtedly due more to Mr. Camp than to any
other individual. Mr. Camp has probably written more on college
athletics than any other writer and the leading papers and
magazines of America are always anxious to secure his expert
opinion on foot ball, track and field athletics, base ball and rowing.
Mr. Camp has grown up with Yale athletics and is a part of Yale’s
remarkable athletic system. While he has been designated as the
“Father of Foot Ball,” it is a well-known fact that during his college
career Mr. Camp was regarded as one of the best players that ever
represented Yale on the base ball field, so when we hear of Walter
Camp as a foot ball expert we must also remember his remarkable
knowledge of the game of base ball, of which he is a great admirer.
Mr. Camp has edited Spalding’s Official Foot Ball Guide since it was
first published, and also the Spalding Athletic Library book on How to
Play Foot Ball. There is certainly no man in American college life
better qualified to write for Spalding’s Athletic Library than Mr. Camp.

DR. LUTHER HALSEY GULICK

The leading exponent of physical training in America;
one who has worked hard to impress the value of
physical training in the schools; when physical training was
combined with education at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904 Dr.
Gulick played an important part in that congress; he received several
awards for his good work and had many honors conferred upon him;
he is the author of a great many books on the subject; it was Dr.
Gulick, who, acting on the suggestion of James E. Sullivan,
organized the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York,
and was its first Secretary; Dr. Gulick was also for several years
Director of Physical Training in the public schools of Greater New
York, resigning the position to assume the Presidency of the
Playground Association of America. Dr. Gulick is an authority on all
subjects pertaining to physical training and the study of the child.

JOHN B. FOSTER
Successor to the late Henry Chadwick (“Father of Base
Ball”) as editor of Spalding’s Official Base Ball Guide;
sporting editor of the New York Evening Telegram; has been in the
newspaper business for many years and is recognized throughout
America as a leading writer on the national game; a staunch
supporter of organized base ball, his pen has always been used for
the betterment of the game.
 TIM MURNANE
Base Ball editor of the Boston Globe and President of
the New England League of Base Ball Clubs; one of the
best known base ball men of the country; known from
coast to coast; is a keen follower of the game and prominent in all
its councils; nearly half a century ago was one of America’s foremost
players; knows the game thoroughly and writes from the point of
view both of player and an official.

HARRY PHILIP BURCHELL

Sporting editor of the New York Times; graduate of the
University of Pennsylvania; editor of Spalding’s Official
Lawn Tennis Annual; is an authority on the game; follows the
movements of the players minutely and understands not only tennis
but all other subjects that can be classed as athletics; no one is
better qualified to edit this book than Mr. Burchell.

GEORGE T. HEPBRON
Former Young Men’s Christian Association director; for
many years an official of the Athletic League of Young
Men’s Christian Associations of North America; was connected with
Dr. Luther H. Gulick in Young Men’s Christian Association work for
over twelve years; became identified with basket ball when it was in
its infancy and has followed it since, being recognized as the leading
exponent of the official rules; succeeded Dr. Gulick as editor of the
Official Basket Ball Guide and also editor of the Spalding Athletic
Library book on How to Play Basket Ball.
 JAMES S. MITCHEL
Former champion weight thrower; holder of numerous
records, and is the winner of more championships than
any other individual in the history of sport; Mr. Mitchel is
a close student of athletics and well qualified to write upon any topic
connected with athletic sport; has been for years on the staff of the
New York Sun.

MICHAEL C. MURPHY
The world’s most famous athletic trainer; the champion
athletes that he has developed for track and field
sports, foot ball and base ball fields, would run into thousands; he
became famous when at Yale University and has been particularly
successful in developing what might be termed championship teams;
his rare good judgment has placed him in an enviable position in the
athletic world; now with the University of Pennsylvania; during his
career has trained only at two colleges and one athletic club, Yale
and the University of Pennsylvania, and Detroit Athletic Club; his
most recent triumph was that of training the famous American team
of athletes that swept the field at the Olympic Games of 1908 at
London.

DR. C. WARD CRAMPTON

Succeeded Dr. Gulick as director of physical training in
the schools of Greater New York: as secretary of the
Public Schools Athletic League is at the head of the most remarkable
organization of its kind in the world; is a practical athlete and
gymnast himself, and has been for years connected with the physical
training system in the schools of Greater New York, having had
charge of the High School of Commerce.

DR. GEORGE J. FISHER

Has been connected with Y. M. C. A. work for many
years as physical director at Cincinnati and Brooklyn,
where he made such a high reputation as organizer that he was
chosen to succeed Dr. Luther H. Gulick as Secretary of the Athletic
League of Y. M. C. A.’s of North America, when the latter resigned to
take charge of the physical training in the Public Schools of Greater
New York.

DR. GEORGE ORTON

On athletics, college athletics, particularly track and
field, foot ball, soccer foot ball, and training of the
youth, it would be hard to find one better qualified than Dr. Orton;
has had the necessary athletic experience and the ability to impart
that experience intelligently to the youth of the land; for years was
the American, British and Canadian champion runner.

FREDERICK R. TOOMBS
A well-known authority on skating, rowing, boxing,
racquets, and other athletic sports; was sporting editor
of American Press Association, New York; dramatic editor; is a
lawyer and has served several terms as a member of Assembly of
the Legislature of the State of New York; has written several novels
and historical works.
 R. L. WELCH
A resident of Chicago; the popularity of indoor base ball
is chiefly due to his efforts; a player himself of no mean
ability; a first-class organizer; he has followed the game
of indoor base ball from its inception.

DR. HENRY S. ANDERSON

Has been connected with Yale University for years and
is a recognized authority on gymnastics; is admitted to
be one of the leading authorities in America on gymnastic subjects;
is the author of many books on physical training.

CHARLES M. DANIELS
Just the man to write an authoritative book on
swimming; the fastest swimmer the world has ever
known; member New York Athletic Club swimming team and an
Olympic champion at Athens in 1906 and London, 1908. In his book
on Swimming, Champion Daniels describes just the methods one
must use to become an expert swimmer.

GUSTAVE BOJUS
Mr. Bojus is most thoroughly qualified to write
intelligently on all subjects pertaining to gymnastics and
athletics; in his day one of America’s most famous amateur athletes;
has competed successfully in gymnastics and many other sports for
the New York Turn Verein; for twenty years he has been prominent
in teaching gymnastics and athletics; was responsible for the famous
gymnastic championship teams of Columbia University; now with the
Jersey City high schools.

CHARLES JACOBUS
Admitted to be the “Father of Roque;” one of America’s
most expert players, winning the Olympic Championship
at St. Louis in 1904; an ardent supporter of the game and follows it
minutely, and much of the success of roque is due to his untiring
efforts; certainly there is no one better qualified to write on this
subject than Mr. Jacobus.

DR. E. B. WARMAN
Well known as a physical training expert; was probably
one of the first to enter the field and is the author of
many books on the subject; lectures extensively each year all over
the country.

W. J. CROMIE
Now with the University of Pennsylvania; was formerly a
Y. M. C. A. physical director; a keen student of all
gymnastic matters; the author of many books on subjects pertaining
to physical training.

G. M. MARTIN
By profession a physical director of the Young Men’s Christian
Association; a close student of all things gymnastic, and games for
the classes in the gymnasium or clubs.

PROF. SENAC
A leader in the fencing world; has maintained a fencing
school in New York for years and developed a great
many champions; understands the science of fencing thoroughly and
the benefits to be derived therefrom.

SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY

Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now in print,
grouped for ready reference

SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS

No. 1 Spalding’s Official Base Ball Guide

No. Spalding’s Official Base Ball Record
1A
No. 2 Spalding’s Official Foot Ball Guide
No. Spalding’s Official Soccer Foot Ball
2A Guide
No. 3 Spalding’s Official Cricket Guide
No. 4 Spalding’s Official Lawn Tennis
Annual
No. 5 Spalding’s Official Golf Guide
No. 6 Spalding’s Official Ice Hockey Guide
No. 7 Spalding’s Official Basket Ball Guide
No. Spalding’s Official Women’s Basket
7A Ball Guide
No. 8 Spalding’s Official Lacrosse Guide
No. 9 Spalding’s Official Indoor Base Ball
Guide
No. 10 Spalding’s Official Roller Polo Guide
No. 12 Spalding’s Official Athletic Almanac
No. Spalding’s Official Athletic Rules
12A

Group I. Base Ball

No. 1 Spalding’s Official Base Ball Guide

No. 1A Official Base Ball Record.
No. 202 How to Play Base Ball.
No. 223 How to Bat.
No. 232 How to Run Bases.
No. 230 How to Pitch.
No. 229 How to Catch.
No. 225 How to Play First Base.
No. 226 How to Play Second Base.
No. 227 How to Play Third Base.
No. 228 How to Play Shortstop.
No. 224 How to Play the Outfield.
No. 231 { How to Organize a Base Ball League.
{ How to Organize a Base Ball Club.
{ How to Manage a Base Ball Club.
{ How to Train a Base Ball Team.
{ How to Captain a Base Ball Team.
{ How to Umpire a Game.
{ Technical Base Ball Terms.
No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages.

BASE BALL AUXILIARIES

No. 336 Minor League Base Ball Guide.

No. 338 Official Book National League of Prof. Base Ball Clubs.
No. 340 Official Handbook National Playground Ball Assn.

Group II. Foot Ball

No. 2 Spalding’s Official Foot Ball Guide.

No. 334 Code of the Foot Ball Rules.
No. 324 How to Play Foot Ball.
No. 2A Spalding’s Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide.
No. 286 How to Play Soccer.
No. 335 English Rugby.

FOOT BALL AUXILIARY

No. 332 Spalding’s Official Canadian Foot Ball Guide.

Group III. Cricket

No. 3 Spalding’s Official Cricket Guide.

No. 277 Cricket; and How to Play It.

Group IV. Lawn Tennis

No. 4 Spalding’s Official Lawn Tennis Annual.

No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis.
No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis.

Group V. Golf

No. 5 Spalding’s Official Golf Guide.

No. 276 How to Play Golf.

Group VI. Hockey

No. 6 Spalding’s Official Ice Hockey Guide.

No. 304 How to Play Ice Hockey.
No. 154 Field Hockey.
No. 188 {Lawn Hockey.
{Parlor Hockey.
{Garden Hockey.
No. 180 Ring Hockey.

HOCKEY AUXILIARY
No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario Hockey Association.

Group Basket Ball

VII.

No. 7 Spalding’s Official Basket Ball Guide.

No. 7A Spalding’s Official Women’s Basket Ball Guide.
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball.

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY

No. 323 Official Collegiate Basket Ball Handbook.

Group Lacrosse
VIII.

No. 8 Spalding’s Official Lacrosse Guide.

No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse.

Group IX. Indoor Base Ball

No. 9 Spalding’s Official Indoor Base Ball Guide.

Group X. Polo
No. 10 Spalding’s Official Roller Polo Guide.
No. 129 Water Polo.
No. 199 Equestrian Polo.

Group XI. Miscellaneous Games

No. 248 Archery.

No. 138 Croquet.
No. 271 Roque.
No. 194 {Racquets.
{Squash-Racquets.
{Court Tennis.
No. 13 Hand Ball.
No. 167 Quoits.
No. 170 Push Ball.
No. 14 Curling.
No. 207 Lawn Bowls.
No. 188 Lawn Games.
No. 189 Children’s Games.
No. 341 How to Bowl.

Group Athletics
XII.

No. 12 Spalding’s Official Athletic Almanac.

No. 12A Spalding’s Official Athletic Rules.
No. 27 College Athletics.
No. 182 All-Around Athletics.
No. 156 Athletes’ Guide.
No. 87 Athletic Primer.
No. 273 Olympic Games at Athens, 1906.
No. 252 How to Sprint.
No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards.
No. 174 Distance and Cross Country Running.
No. 259 How to Become a Weight Thrower.
No. 55 Official Sporting Rules.
No. 246 Athletic Training for Schoolboys.
No. 317 Marathon Running.
No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics.

ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES

No. 339 Intercollegiate Official Handbook.

No. 302 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook.
No. 313 Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook.
No. 314 Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook—
Girls’ Branch.
No. 308 Official Handbook New York Interscholastic Athletic
Association.

Group Athletic Accomplishments

XIII.

No. 177 How to Swim.

No. 296 Speed Swimming.
No. 128 How to Row.
No. 209 How to Become a Skater.
No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling.
No. 23 Canoeing.
No. 282 Roller Skating Guide.

Group Manly Sports

XIV.

No. 18 Fencing. (By Breck.)

No. 162 Boxing.
No. 165 Fencing. (By Senac.)
No. 140 Wrestling.
No. 236 How to Wrestle.
No. 102 Ground Tumbling.
No. 233 Jiu Jitsu.
No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs.
No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises.
No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells.
No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises.
No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises.
No. 191 How to Punch the Bag.
No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs.
No. 326 Professional Wrestling.

Group XV. Gymnastics

No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exercises.

No. 214 Graded Calisthenics and Dumb Bell Drills.
No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill.
No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games.
No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast.
No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and Marching Drills.
No. 327 Pyramid Building Without Apparatus.
No. 328 Exercises on the Parallel Bars.
No. 329 Pyramid Building with Wands, Chairs and Ladders.

GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY

No. 333 Official Handbook I. C. A. A. Gymnasts of America.

Group Physical Culture

XVI.

No. 161 Ten Minutes’ Exercise for Busy Men.

No. 208 Physical Education and Hygiene.
No. 149 Scientific Physical Training and Care of the Body.
No. 142 Physical Training Simplified.
No. 185 Hints on Health.
No. 213 285 Health Answers.
No. 238 Muscle Building.
No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Running.
No. 261 Tensing Exercises.
No. 285 Health by Muscular Gymnastics.
No. 288 Indigestion Treated by Gymnastics.
No. 290 Get Well; Keep Well.
No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises.
No. 330 Physical Training for the School and Class Room.

ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID

UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS
Group I. Base Ball

No. 1—Spalding’s Official Base Ball Guide.

The leading Base Ball annual of the country, and the official
authority of the game. Contains the official playing rules,
with an explanatory index of the rules compiled by Mr. A. G.
Spalding; pictures of all the teams in the National, American and
minor leagues; reviews of the season; college Base Ball, and a great
deal of interesting information. Price 10 cents.
No. 1A—Spalding’s Official Base Ball Record.
Something new in Base Ball. Contains records of all kinds from the
beginning of the National League and official averages of all
professional organizations for past season. Illustrated with pictures
of leading teams and players. Price 10 cents.
No. 202—How to Play Base Ball.
Edited by Tim Murnane. New and revised edition. Illustrated with
pictures showing how all the various curves and drops are thrown
and portraits of leading players. Price 10 cents.
No. 223—How to Bat.
There is no better way of becoming a proficient batter than by
reading this book and practising the directions. Numerous
illustrations. Price 10 cents.
No. 232—How to Run the Bases.
This book gives clear and concise directions for excelling as a base
runner; tells when to run and when not to do so; how and when to
slide; team work on the bases; in fact, every point of the game is
thoroughly explained. Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 230—How to Pitch.
A new, up-to-date book. Its contents are the practical teaching of
men who have reached the top as pitchers, and who know how to
impart a knowledge of their art. All the big leagues’ pitchers are
shown. Price 10 cents.
No. 229—How to Catch.
Every boy who has hopes of being a clever catcher should read how
well-known players cover their position. Pictures of all the noted
catchers in the big leagues. Price 10 cents.
No. 225—How to Play First Base.
Illustrated with pictures of all the prominent first basemen. Price 10
cents.
No. 226—How to Play Second Base.
The ideas of the best second basemen have been incorporated in
this book for the especial benefit of boys who want to know the fine
points of play at this point of the diamond. Price 10 cents.
No. 227—How to Play Third Base.
Third base is, in some respects, the most important of the infield. All
the points explained. Price 10 cents.
No. 228—How to Play Shortstop.
Shortstop is one of the hardest positions on the infield to fill, and
quick thought and quick action are necessary for a player who
expects to make good as a shortstop. Illus. Price 10 cents.
No. 224—How to Play the Outfield.
An invaluable guide for the outfielder. Price 10 cents.
No. 231—How to Coach; How to Captain a Team; How to
Manage a Team; How to Umpire; How to Organize a League;
 Technical Terms of Base Ball.
A useful guide. Price 10 cents.
No. 219—Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages.
To supply a demand for a book which would show the percentage of
clubs without recourse to the arduous work of figuring, the
publishers had these tables compiled by an expert. Price 10 cents.

BASE BALL AUXILIARIES.

No. 336—Minor League Base Ball Guide.
The minors’ own guide. Edited by President T. H. Murnane, of the
New England League. Price 10 cents.
No. 338—Official Handbook of the National League of
Professional Base Ball Clubs.
Contains the Constitution, By-Laws, Official Rules, Averages, and
schedule of the National League for the current year, together with
list of club officers and reports of the annual meetings of the
League. Price 10 cents.
No. 340—Official Handbook National Playground Ball Association.
This game is specially adapted for playgrounds, parks, etc., and is
spreading rapidly. The book contains a description of the game, rules
and list of officers. Price 10 cents.
Group II. Foot Ball

No. 2—Spalding’s Official Foot Ball Guide.

Edited by Walter Camp. Contains the new rules, with
diagram of field; All-America teams as selected by the
leading authorities; reviews of the game from various
sections of the country; scores; pictures. Price 10 cents.
No. 334—Code of the Foot Ball Rules.
This book is meant for the use of officials, to help them to refresh
their memories before a game and to afford them a quick means of
ascertaining a point during a game. It also gives a ready means of
finding a rule in the Official Rule Book, and is of great help to a
player in studying the Rules. Compiled by C. W. Short, Harvard,
1908. Price 10 cents.
No. 324—How to Play Foot Ball.
Edited by Walter Camp, of Yale. Everything that a beginner wants to
know and many points that an expert will be glad to learn.
Snapshots of leading teams and players in action, with comments by
Walter Camp. Price 10 cents.
No. 2A—Spalding’s Official Association Soccer Foot Ball
Guide.
A complete and up-to-date guide to the “Soccer” game in
the United States, containing instructions for playing the
game, official rules, and interesting news from all parts of
the country. Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 286—How to Play Soccer.
How each position should be played, written by the best player in
England in his respective position, and illustrated with full-page
photographs of players in action. Price 10 cents.

FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES.

No. 332—Spalding’s Official Canadian Foot Ball Guide.
The official book of the game in Canada. Price 10 cents.
No. 335—Spalding’s Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide.
Contains the official rules under which the game is played in England
and by the California schools and colleges. Also instructions for
playing the various positions on a team. Illustrated with action
pictures of leading teams and players. Price 10 cents.
Group III. Cricket

No. 3—Spalding’s Official Cricket Guide.

The most complete year book of the game that has ever
been published in America. Reports of special matches,
official rules and pictures of all the leading teams. Price 10
cents.
No. 277—Cricket; and How to Play it.
By Prince Ranjitsinhji. The game described concisely and illustrated
with full-page pictures posed especially for this book. Price 10 cents.
Group IV. Lawn Tennis

No. 4—Spalding’s Official Lawn Tennis Annual.

Contents include reports of all important tournaments;
official ranking from 1885 to date; laws of lawn tennis;
instructions for handicapping; decisions on doubtful points;
management of tournaments; directory of clubs; laying out and
keeping a court. Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 157—How to Play Lawn Tennis.
A complete description of lawn tennis; a lesson for beginners and
directions telling how to make the most important strokes.
Illustrated. Price 10 cents.
No. 279—Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis.
By P. A. Vaile, a leading authority on the game in Great Britain. Every
stroke in the game is accurately illustrated and analyzed by the
author. Price 10 cents.