K.C.S.

E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION
GEOGRAPHY PP1 10 QUESTION PAPERS

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K.C.S.E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION

QUESTION PAPER NO: 1
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Time 2 hours 45 min.
SECTION A: 25 MARKS
1. Describe the formation of planet earth according to the passing star theory. (5mks)
2. (a)Give two examples of sedimentary rocks. (2mks)
(b) State three characteristics of sedimentary rocks. (3mks)
3.(a)Differentiate between weathering and mass wasting. (2mks)
(b)State three causes of landslides. (3mks)
4.(a)The diagram below shows the hydrological cycle. Study and use it to answer the question
that follows.

L
(a) Identify the processes marked K and L. (2mks)
(b) State three characteristics of a flood plain. (3mks)
5.(a) State two reasons why wind erosion is dominant in arid areas. (2mks)
(b) Describe how a Bajada is formed. (3mks)

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 SECTION B
6.Study the map of Taita hills, 1:50,000 sheet provided and answer the question that follow.

(a) (i) What is the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of Taita Hills map extract? (2mks)
(ii) Convert the ratio scale of the map into statement. (2mks)
(b) Citing evidence from the map, identify four social activities in the area covered by Taita Hills.(4mks)
(c)(i) Draw a rectangle 20cm by 16cm from Easting 32 to 37 Northings 14 to 18. (2mks)
(ii) On the rectangle mark and name; (4mks)
 Taita sisal estate
 Hills
 Main track/motorable
 River
(iii)Calculate the new scale of the drawn rectangle. (2mks)
(d)Citing evidence, explain three ways how relief has influenced the distribution of settlement in Taita
Hills. (6mks)
(e)Describe the vegetation in the area covered by the map. (3mks)

7.(a) Name two instruments kept in a Stevenson screen. (2mks)

the questions below.
(b) The diagram below shows a weather measuring instrument. Use it to answer the questions below.
N

Metal frame

(i) Name the parts marked M and N. (2 marks)

(i) Name the parts marked M and N. (2mks)

(ii) Describe how the instrument works. (4mks)

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(c) The table below shows climatic figure for station Q. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
Months J F M A M J J A S O N D
Temp in 0C 30 31 31 29 27 27 28 29 28 28 27 30
Rainfall in mm 257 246 231 234 207 201 218 227 234 240 235 230

(i) Calculate the annual range of temperature for station Q. (2mks)

(ii) Give four characteristics of climate for station Q. (4mks)
(d)With the aid of a well-labelled diagram, describe the formation of cyclonic rainfall. (6mks)
(e)You intend to carry out a field study of a weather station in your school.
(i) Give two methods of recording data that you are likely to use. (2mks)
(ii) State three reasons why the recording of data at a school weather station may
be inaccurate. (3mks)

8.(a)(i)Distinguish between a fault and a fold. (2mks)

(ii)Give three factors that influence folding. (3mks)
(b) Describe how isostatic adjustment cause earth movement. (5mks)
(c) Describe how plate tectonic movements cause fold mountain formation. (5mks)
(d) (i) Name two features resulting from faulting. (2mks)
(ii) Explain how faulting influences drainage of an area. (8mks)

9.(a)Distinguish between soil profile and soil catena. (2mks)

(b)Explain how the following factors influence soil formation:
(i)The parent rock (4mks)
(ii)Relief (2mks)
(c) Describe laterization process of leaching. (4mks)
(d) State three importance of soil structure. (3mks)
(e) Give two characteristics of Azonal soils. (2mks)
(f) Explain four causes of physical soil degeneration. (8mks)

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10.(a)(i)Define the term Moraine. (2mks)
(ii)State three conditions necessary for the formation of ice. (3mks)
(b)Describe how ice moves through the following:-
(i) Basal slip (3mks)
(ii) Extrusion flow (3mks)
(c) Describe how an arete is formed. (6mks)
(d) Explain the four Significance of lowland glaciated features to human activities. (8mks)

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K.C.S.E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION

QUESTION PAPER NO: 2
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Time 2 hours 45 min.
1. (a) Name two forces responsible for the shape of the earth (2mks)
(b) State three reasons why the interior of the earth is hot (3mks)
2. The table below represents rainfall and temperature figures for a system in Africa.
Month J F M A M J J A S O N D
Temperature 24 24 23 22 19 17 17 18 19 20 23 23
Rainfall (mm) 109 122 130 76 52 34 28 38 70 108 121 120
(a) Calculate the average monthly temperature for the station (2mks)
(b) Describe the rainfall pattern for the station (3mks)

3. The diagram below shows way through which wind transport its load.

(a) Name the ways marked E, F and G (3mks)

(b) Identify two features formed by wind deposition in desert. (2mks)

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4. (a) What is natural vegetation (2mks)
(b) State three reasons why Tundra region has scanty vegetation (3mks)

5. (a) Differentiate between an ocean and a sea (2mks)

(b) The diagram below represents occurrence of tides. Name the parts marked P, Q and R. (3mks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section

6. Study the map of Taita hills and answer the questions that follow.
(a) (i)Measure the distance of river Ruhia from its confluence with river Voi Goshi to grid
reference 345270 (2mks)
(ii)Give the location of St Marys’ High School by latitude and longitude (2mks)
(b) (i) Describe the distribution of vegetation in the area covered by the map (4mks)
(ii)Identify methods which have been used to represent relief in the area covered by the map.(2mks)
(c) (i)Draw a cross section from grid reference 310140 to grid reference 370140. Use vertical scale
of 1 cm represents 20 meters. (3mks)
(ii) Along the cross-section mark and label the following.
 Hill (1mk)
 All weather road (bound surface) (1mk)
 Teita sisal Estate (1mk)
(d) (i)A bore hole is supposed to be dug in the area covered by grid square 2615.State three factors
which may make construction expensive (3mks)
(ii) Citing evidence from the map explain three factors which may favour cattle rearing in the area
covered by the map. (6mks)

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7. (a) Differentiate between a normal fault and a reverse fault (2mks)
(b) Study the diagram below and use it to answer question b(i)

(i) Name the parts labelled H, J, K and L (4mks)

(ii) Give three examples of fault blocks (3mks)
(c) Using well labelled diagrams, describe the formation of the rift valley by tensional forces (8mks)
(d) Explain four economic significance of faulting. (8mks)

8. (a) (i) Name two areas in Africa associated with karst scenery (2mks)
(ii)State three characteristic of karst scenery (3mks)
(b) (i) State three ways through springs are formed (3mks)
(ii) Explain three conditions necessary for the formation of an artesan well. (6mks)
(c) Describe how the following features are formed: -
(i) Grikes and clints (5mks)
(ii) Stalactite (6mks)

9. (a) (i) What is an ice sheet? (2mks)

(ii) Name two mountains in East Africa which are ice capped. (2mks)
(iii) Identify three ways in which ice moves. (3mks)
(iv) Explain three factors that influence the movement of ice from the place it has accumulated.
(6mks)
(b)Describe how an arete is formed (5mks)
(c)You are required to carry out a field study on erosional features in glaciated lowland areas.
(i) Give two reasons why you would require a working schedule. (2mks)

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 (ii)Apart from an arete, name two other erosional features you are likely to observe during
the field study. (2mks)
(iii) Give three follow up activities you would undertake after the field study. (3mks)

10. (a) (i) What is soil (2mks)

(ii) State three main components of soil (3mks)
(b) Explain how the following weathering processes contributes to the formation of soil
(i) Hydration (3mks)
(ii) Oxidation (4mks)
(c)(i)Name the type of soil structures which fits the following descriptions
 Soil particles are arranged in thin sheets on top of each other. (2mk)
 Soil particles are arranged vertically in cylindrical manner (2mk)
(ii) The diagram below represents soil catena. Identify the nature of soils in the stages
marked X, Y and Z. (3mks)

X
Soil depth

Y
Z
Bedrock

(d) Explain how the following factors cause soil degradation

(i) Leaching (2mks)
(ii) Mono cropping (2mks)
(iii) Burring of land (2mks)

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K.C.S.E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION

QUESTION PAPER NO: 3
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Time 2 hours 45 min.
SECTION A (25MKS)
1. a) Define the term solar system (2mks)
b) Give any three theories explaining the origin of the solar system (3mks)
2. i) What is faulting (2mks)
ii) Mention any three types of faults (3mks)
3. i) Define a glacier (2mks)
ii) The diagram below shows types of moraines in a valley glacier (3mks)

Name parts V, T & S

4. State five conditions necessary for the formation of a beach (5mks)

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5. a) Study the diagram and answer the following questions. (3mks)

Name parts X, Y &Z

b) State any two conditions necessary for development of Karst scenery (2mks)

SECTION B
6. Study the map of Taita Hills 1:50,000 (Sheet 198/4) provided and answer the following questions.
a) i) Give the four figure grid reference of L.R 3880/s (2mks)
ii) What is the general direction of R. Ruhiaa tributary of R. vol (Goshi) (2mks)
b) i) Give the adjoining sheet of Taita Hills on the North Coast part of the map. (2mks)
ii) Measure the length of the Bound surface Road A23 from Mwatake to LC
(Level Crossing) (2mks)
iii) Calculate the area of the forest covering Shellemba and Majengo Zones (3mks)
iv) Citing evidence from the map, identify three economic activities carried in the area (6mks)
c) Citing evidence from the map, explain any fourfactors that may have influenced Agricultural activities
in the Area (8mks)

7. a) Define the term Vulcanicity? (2mks)

b) Distinguish Extrusive and intrusive vulcanicity (4mks)
c) Give any three resultant features due to intrusive vulcanicity (3mks)
d) Describe the continental drift theory (3mks)
e) i) State two artificial causes of earth movements (2mks)
ii) Explain any three significance of vulcanicity to human activities. (8mks)

8. a) What is climate? (2mks)

b) Explain the factors influencing climate under the following sub-headings:
i.Latitude (5mks)
ii.Altitude (4mks)
iii.Ocean currents (4mks)

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 c) i) Distinguish Aridity and desertification. (2mks)
ii) State any four causes of aridity and desertification together with their possible solutions (8mks)

9. a) Name two ways of water movement in Oceans (2mks)

b) List any four types of tides (4mks)
c) State four factors that influence wave transportation (4mks)
d) Yururugirl’s school, form 4 Geography class carried out a field study at a wave deposition site at the
coast of Mombasa.
i.List any four wave depositional features they might have observed. (4mks)
ii.Explain any two factors influencing the type of coast they might have studied. (4mks)
iii.Give any three benefits they might have enjoyed due to conducting reconnaissance to their
place of study (3mks)
iv.List two ways the learners might have used in collecting the data (2mks)
v.Mention any two types of coral reef they might have studied during the period of their study
(2mks)
10. a) Name three major deserts found in:
i.Africa (3mks)
ii.Give two processes in which wind erodes the earth’s surface (2mks)
iii.Explain three ways in which wind transport its load (6mks)
b) Using well labeled diagrams, explain how the following desert features are formed.
i. Yardangs (5mks)
ii. Mushroom block (6mks)
c) The diagram below represents features resulting from wind deposition in a desert

Use it to answer questions that follow

i. Name the above feature (1mk)
ii. Name the parts marked; (2mks)

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K.C.S.E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION

QUESTION PAPER NO: 4
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Time 2 hours 45 min.

SECTION A
1.(a) List down two isothermal layers of the atmosphere. (2mks)
(b)State any three characteristics of the lowest layer of the atmosphere. (3mks)
2.(a)Differentiate between faulting and folding (2mks)
(b)Apart from Fold Mountains name three other land forms resulting from folding (3mks)
3. (a)What is Mass wasting? (2mks)
(b)State three economic benefits of the weathering process. (3mks)
4. (a) What is soil degeneration? (2mks)
(b)Identify three types of soil degeneration. (3mks)
5. (a) Name the type of delta found at the mouth of: (2mks)
(i) River Nile.
(ii) River Omo.
(b) State one effect for each of the following types of river erosion. (3mks)
(i) Headward erosion.
(ii) Lateral erosion.
(iii) Vertical erosion

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 SECTION B
6 Study the map of Taita Hills 1:50000 (sheet 189/4) provided and answer the questions that follow.
a.(i) Calculate the area (in square kilometers) enclosed by the railway line to the south Eastern part of
the area shown. (2mks)
(ii) Give the four figure grid reference of the school at Mrabenyi. (1mk)
(iii) Identify the adjoining sheet number to the south East of Taita Hills. (1mk)
(iv) Name the vegetation type in grid square 3314. (1mk)

b. (i) Citing evidence from the map, give two economic activities carried out in the area covered
by the map. (4mks)
(ii)Briefly explain three factors influencing the distribution of settlement in the mapped area (6mks)
c.(i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent a 20 meters draw a cross-section along northing 15 and
between easting 31 and 39 (5mks)
(ii) On the cross-section; mark and label. (3mks)
⮚ Road C104
⮚ Railway line.
⮚ Hill
(iii) Calculate the vertical exaggeration for the cross-section. (2mks)

7.(a) (i) State four factors which influence the development of karst landforms. (4mks)
(ii) The diagram below shows some surface features in a karst region. Name the features
marked P, Q and R. (3mks)

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(b) Using a well labeled diagram describe the occurrence of an artesian basin. (6mks)
(c) Give three reasons why there are few settlements on a Karst landscape. (6mks)
(d) Form four students of your school undertook field work on a karst landscape.
(i) State two objectives of their study. (2mks)
(ii) Prepare a simple working schedule for the field study. (4mks)

8.(a) Define the term glacier (2mks)

(b) Explain three ways in which glaciation negatively influence the human environment (6mks)
(c) With the aid of well labeled diagrams describe the formation of a cirque. (7mks)
(d)The figure below shows a feature formed in a glaciated landscape. Use it to answer the questions
that follow.

(i) Identify the feature. (1mk)

(ii) Describe how the above feature is formed. (4mks)
(e) The form four class planned to conduct a field study on glaciation in Mount Kenya
(i) Identify any two types of moraines they are likely to see (2mks)
(ii)State any three problems they are likely to encounter (3mks)

9.(a)(i) Explain three factors that influence distribution of vegetation in Kenya. (6mks)
(ii) State three major vegetation zones in Kenya. (3mks)
(b)(i) Describe any four characteristics of the tropical rainforests. (4mks)
. (ii) Give four factors that limit the exploitation of tropical rainforest in Africa. (4mks)
(c) What is climax vegetation? (2mk)
(d) Explain three factors that have led to a decline of natural grassland in Kenya. (6mks)

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10. (a)(i) Define the term Aridity. (2mks)
(ii) With the aid of well labeled diagrams describe how a rock pedestal is formed. (5mks)
(b) Your class intends to carry out a field study in an arid area near your school.
(i) How would you prepare for the field study? (3mks)
(ii) What are the advantages of studying aridity through field study? (3mks)
(iii) What advice would you give the residents of the area on curbing the spread of Aridity and
desertification? (4mks)
(iv) Name two main wind depositional features they are likely to have identified. (2mks)
(c) Explain three physical factors causing aridity and desertification. (6mks)

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DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION

QUESTION PAPER NO: 5
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Time 2 hours 45 min.
SECTION A
1. The diagram below represents part of the earth’s crust which has been subjected to tension forces.

a)i) Name the slope marked A. (1mk)

ii) Name the angle marked B. (1mk)
b) State three ways in which faulting can influence drainage systems. (3mks)

2. a) Differentiate between longitudes and latitudes. (2mks)

b) If the local time in Nairobi on longitude 37oE is 10.00 a.m. What will the time be at Buchanan
Liberian on longitude 10oW? (3mks)

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3.a) List four characteristics of desert soils. (3mks)
b) Give two factors that contribute to soil leaching. (2mks)
4.a)Give the two dates of equinoxes. (2mks)
b)State three effects of the rotation of the earth. (3mks)
5.a)Name the type of delta found at the mouth of:
i) River Nile (1mk)
ii) River Omo (1mk)
b)State three conditions necessary for the formation of a delta. (3mks)

SECTION B
6. Study the map of Oyugis 1:50,000 (sheet 130/1) provided and answer the following questions.
a) i) State the magnetic declination when this map was drawn. (1mk)
ii) Give the longitudinal extent of the area converted by the map. (1mk)
b) i) Name the feature found at the grid reference (786399). (2mks)
ii) Identify two types of vegetation found in the area covered by the map. (2mks)
c) Citing evidence from the map, give four economic activities. (4mks)
d) Students from Tabaka in Oyugis carried out a field study on settlement activities in the area.
i) Identify two settlement patterns they found depicted in the area. (2mks)
ii) Give two problems they were likely to encounter in their study. (2mks)
e) Draw a rectangle measuring 8cm by 6cm to represent area East of Eastings 90 and between
Northings 36 and 39. On it indicate: (5mks)
i) District boundary
ii) All weather road bound surface
iii) Seasonal swamp

7. a) Differentiate between vulcanicity and volcanicity. (2mks)

b) i)Other than lava plateau, list down four features resulting from extrusive volcanic activity. (4mks)
ii) Describe how lava plateau is formed. (5mks)
c)Explain four ways in which vulcanicity has influenced human activities in Kenya. (8mks)

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 d) You intend to carry out a field study of the landforms around your school.
i)State three objectives of your study. (3mks)
ii)State three methods you would use to record the information you would collect.
(3mks)

8. a) Differentiate between weather and climate. (2mks)

b) Describe the climatic conditions experienced in the Kenya highlands. (9mks)
c) Explain how the following factors influence climate.
i) Latitude (2mks)
ii) Altitude (2mks)
iii) Aspect (2mks)
iv) Winds (2mks)
d)Explain three ways in which vegetation in the Nyika region of Kenya adapts to the climatic
conditions experienced in the area. (6mks)

9. a)Name three places in East Africa where glaciers are found. (3mks)
b)Describe how each of the following glacial features are formed.
i) Arete (4mks)
ii) Pyramidal peak (4mks)
iii) Hanging valleys (4mks)
c)Explain five benefits of glaciated landscape to man. (10mks)

10. a)List three processes through which coasts are eroded. (3mks)
b)State two causes of submergence of coasts. (2mks)
c)Using well labeled diagrams, explain how each of the following features are formed.
i)Spit (4mks)
ii)Blow hole (4mks)
d)Some students carried out field study on the coastal features found along the coast of Kenya.
i) State three preparations they made for their study. (3mks)
ii)List three features formed as a result of coastal emergence that they are
likely to have studied. (3mks)
e) Explain three ways in which features resulting from coastal emergence are of significance to
Kenya. (6mks)

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K.C.S.E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION

QUESTION PAPER NO: 6
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Time 2 hours 45 min.
SECTION A
1.(a) Differentiate between latitudes and longitudes. (2mks)
(b) State three reasons why the interior of the earth is very hot. (3mks)
2. Describe the origin of the continents according to the theory of continental drift . (5mks)
3.(a) Name the three main stages of the long profile of a river (3mks)
(b) State three conditions under which gorges may form (3mks)
4.(a) Give two sources of underground water. (2mks)
(b) State three conditions that favour the formation of artesian wells. (3mks)
5.(a) What is the meaning of the term vegetation? (1mk)
(b) Use the sketch map below to answer the questions that follow

i) Identify the type of vegetation in the shaded region marked F (1mk)

ii) State two characteristics of theabove identified vegetation type (2mks)

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 SECTION B
Study the map provided of Taita Hills 1:50000(Sheet 189/14) and answer the questions that follow.
6.(a) (i) Convert the scale of the map into a statement scale. (1mk)
(ii) Give the six grid figure reference of the dispensary at Ronge forest. (2mks)
(iii) Calculate the area of Ronge forest. Give your answer in KM2 (2mks)
(b.) (i) What is the actual height of the hill at grid square 3926. (1mk)
(ii) Describe the distribution of settlement in the area covered by the map. (4mks)
c). Draw a cross section from grid reference 360160 to grid reference 440160. Use a vertical scale
of 1cm to represent 20m. (4mks)
On the cross-section,mark and name the following;
(i) A railway line. (1mk)
(ii) Thicket vegetation (1mk)
(iii) A hill (1mk)
d) Students of Weruga School (grid square 2524) carried out a field study on vegetation
west of their school.
(i) Give three reasons why they would require a time schedule. (3mks)
(ii) Name twonatural vegetation that they identified. (2mks)

e) Citing evidence from the map name three social services that are carried out in the area
coveredby the map. (3mks)

7.(a) (i) What is ocean salinity? (2mks)

(ii) Give three sources of mineral salts in ocean water. (3mks)
(b) Explain three factors that cause horizontal movement of ocean water. (6mks)
(c) Describe how the following are formed
(i) Wave-cut platform. (4mks)
(ii) Cuspate foreland. (5mks)
(d) You intend to carry out a field study on wave deposition on the coast of Kenya.
(i) Formulate two hypotheses for your study. (2mks)
(ii) Give three reasons why you would need to state objectives for your study. (3mks)

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8. a)(i) Listfour characteristics of desert soils. (4mks)
(ii) Give two factors that contribute to soil leaching. (2mks)
b) Explain how each of the following factors influence the formation of soil
(i) Parent rock (2mks)
(ii) Living organisms (2mks)
(iii) Topography (2mks)
c) Draw a well labelled profile of a mature soil. (5mks)
d) Differentiate between a soil profile and soil catena. (2mks)
e) Explain three ways in which human activities contribute to soil erosion. (6mks)

9. (a)( i) What is a glacier? (2mks)

(ii) How is a glacier formed? (4mks)
b)(i) Explain three processes through which ice moves (6mks)
(ii) Describe the formation of a cirque (3mks)
c) Describe how the movement of valley glaciers is influenced by the following factors
(i) Temperature (2mks)
(ii) Width of glacier channel (2mks)
d. You intend to carry out a field study on Mt Kenya
(i) Name three types of moraines you are likely to identify (3mks)
(ii) State three problems you are likely to encounter (3mks)
10.a) (i) Define the following features
 Erg (1mk)
 Hamada (1mk)
 Reg (1mk)
(ii) State two factors that contribute to the development of hot desert. (2mks)
b) With the aid of well labeled diagrams explain how a rock pedestal is formed. (8mks)
c) Explain three factors that influence wind transportation in a desert. (6mks)
d) You are required to carry out a field study of an arid area in Kenya.
(i) Formulate two objectives for the study findings. (2mks)
(ii) State two measures the government would put in place to curb desertification in Kenya. (2mks)
(iii) Name any two features resulting from action of water in desert areas. (2mks)

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NAME: ………………..……..………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL: ………………………………..……………………………………………………

INDEX NO: .…………..…..…….… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ….….……………...

DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION

QUESTION PAPER NO: 7
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Time 2 hours 45 min.
SECTION A
1. The diagram below the structure of the earth.

(a)Name the parts marked P, Q and R. (3mks)

(b) Name the minerals that make up SIAL (2mks)
2. (a) State the plate tectonic theory (2mks)
(b) List THREE types of boundaries associated with plate tectonic movement. (3mks)

3(a) what is a Stevenson screen (2mks)

(b)State THREE essential features of a Stevenson screen (3mks)

4(a) Differentiate between weathering and mass wasting (2mks)

(b)State THREE effects of soil creep on the earth surface (3mks)

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5(a) The diagram below shows some features found in Karst Scenery.

(a)Name the features marked X, Y and Z (3mks)

(b) State TWO ways in which lakes influence the natural environment (2mks)

SECTION B
6. Study the map of MIGWANI (1:50,000) sheet 151/1 provided and answer the following questions
(a(i) Give the latitudinal extent of the area covered by the map (2mks)
(ii) What is the magnetic variation of the map? (1mk)
(iii)Convert the ratio scale of the map into statements scale (2mks)
(b)Citing evidence from the map give THREE economic activities carried out in the area covered
by the map. (6mks)
(c) Explain how relief has influenced the distribution of settlement in the area covered by the map (4mks)
(d)(i)Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 100metres, draw a cross-section along the line
marked J-K (4mks)
(ii) On it mark and label the following
-Footpath (1mk)
-Road (1mk)
- Water pipeline (1mk)
-steep slope (1mk)
(iii)Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross-section (2mks)

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7(a)(i) what is a river divide (1mk)
(ii) Describe THREE ways by which a river transport its load (6mks)
(b) Describe the characteristics of a river on its old stage (7mks)
(c) Describe each of the following drainage system and patterns
(i) Superimposed drainage system (3mks)
(ii)Centripetal drainage pattern (2mks)
(d)You have planned to carry out a field study of a river in its youthful stage.
(i)State TWO ways in which you would prepare for the study (2mks)
(ii)Name TWO features you are likely to study (2mks)
(iii)List TWO problems you are likely to experience during the study (2mks)

8(a) List FOUR processes through which coasts are eroded (4mks)
(b) Using well-labeled diagram, explain how each of the following features is formed
(i)A spit (4mks)
(ii)A blow hole (2mks)
(iii)A toll (5mks)
(c) Some students carried out a field study on the coastal features found along the coast.
(i)List THREE features formed as a result of coastal emergence that they are likely to have
studied (3mks)
(ii)State THREE methods that student may have used to record their data (3mks)
(iii)Describe TWO ways in which features resulting from coastal emergence are of
significance to Kenya (2mks)

9(a) (i)Distinguish between Orogenic And Epeirogenic earth movement (2mks)

(ii)Describe how convectional currents cause earth movements (5mks)
(b)Explain THREE factors that determine the type of features resulting from earth movements (6mks)
(c) Describe the types of boundaries created as a result of earth movement (6mks)
(d)A form two class conducted a field study in an area that had undergone earth movement
(i)Give TWO examples of transform faults they would have observed (2mks)
(ii)Name TWO oceanic plate they would have observed (2mks)
(iii)Give the main reason why the interview method was not the appropriate method
collecting the data (2mks)

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10 (a)(i)Apart from fold mountains name THREE other features resulting from folding (3mks)
(ii)Identify FOUR examples of Fold Mountains outside Africa (4mks)
(b)Explain TWO major factors that influence folding (4mks)
(c) Describe the formation of Fold Mountains using the contraction theory (6mks)
(d)Explain the effects of folding on the following
Agriculture (2mks)
tourism (2mks)
mining (2mks)
Transport (2mks)

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NAME: ………………..……..………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL: ………………………………..……………………………………………………

INDEX NO: .…………..…..…….… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ….….……………...

DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION

QUESTION PAPER NO: 8
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Time 2 hours 45 min.

Sec. A. 25 MARKS
1.(a) What is Weather? (2mks)
(b)Give three main methods of forecasting weather. (3mks)
2.a) Differentiate between Latitude and Longitude. (2mks)
b) The Local time at town x which is on longitude 30oE is 10.30 A.M. What will be the
Local time at town Y which is on Longitude 15oW (3mks)
3.(a)What is natural vegetation? (2mks)
(b)Give three characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation (3mks)
4.(a) Define the term soil. (2mks)
(b) Give three factors that determine soil leaching. (3mks)
5. Give five conditions that favour the growth of coral. (5mks)

SECTION B
6. Study the map of Taita Hills 1:50,000 (Sheet 189/4) provided and answer the following questions.
a)(i) What is the name given to this type of a map. (1mk)
(ii) Give the title of this map. (1mk)
b)(i) Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (2mks)
ii) Calculate the area covered by the Ronge Forest. (2mks)

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 c)(i) Give 3 physical features found at grid square 2318. (3mks)
(ii) What is the bearing of point 230300 from the air photo principal point at grid square 2226.
(2mks)
(iii) Describe the distribution of settlements in the area covered by the map. (5mks)
d)(i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm represent 100 metres draw a cross-section along the line
connecting point 280140 and point 370140. (4mks)
(ii) On the cross-section mark and label the following.
 Hill (1mk)
 River (1mk)
 All weather road:- bound surface. (1mk)
(iii) Calculate the vertical Exaggeration of the cross-section. (2mks)

7.a)(i) What is Solar system (2mks)

(ii) Give three components of the Solar system. (3mks
b) State Five characteristics of the sun (5mks)
c(i) What is the name used to describe the shape of the earth. (1mk)
(ii) Give the three forces that contribute to the shape mentioned above. (3mks)
(iii) State Four effects of the rotation of the earth. (4mks)
d) Describe the structure of the earth crust. (7mks)

8.(a)(i) What is desertification? (2mks)

(ii) Name three types of desert surfaces (3mks)
(b) Describe the three processes through which wind transports its load. (6mks)
c) Using a well labeled diagram, describe how a mushroom block is formed. (6mks)
d) Explain four ways through which desert features influence human activities. (8mks)

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9. (a)(i) What is magma? (2mks)
(ii) Name Four types of magma. (4mks)
(b)Briefly describe how the following features are formed.
(i) Geyser (5mks)
(ii) Lava Plateau. (5mks)
c)Explain two ways in which Volcanic Mountains positively influence human activities. (4mks)
d) Students carried a field study on volcanic rocks.
(i) Give two methods they would have used to collect data. (2mks)
(ii) State three problems that they are likely to have experienced during the field study. (3mks)

10. a)i) Differentiate between an ice berg and an ice sheet. (2mks)
(ii) Identify Four ways through which ice moves (4mks)
b) Describe the following processes of glacial erosion.
i) Plucking (4mks)
ii) Abrasion (3mks)
c) Describe how a glacial trough is formed. (5mks)
d. Students of Gatunguru secondary school carried out a field study on glaciation on Mt. Kenya.
(i) Give three reasons why they conducted a reconnaissance (3mks)
ii) Give three activities they may have been involved in during the study. (3mks)
iii) Formulate one hypothesis that would have been relevant for study. (1mk)

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NAME: ………………..……..………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL: ………………………………..……………………………………………………

INDEX NO: .…………..…..…….… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ….….……………...

DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION

QUESTION PAPER NO: 9
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Time 2 hours 45 min.
SECTION A
Answer all questions in this section
1.a) What is geography? (2mks)
(b) Name the two types of environment. (2mks)
2 .Give three proofs that the earth is almost spherical in shape. (3mks)
3. Use the diagram below to answer questions (a) below.

a.(i) Name the weather measuring instrument shown in the diagram. (2mks)
(ii) State the element of weather measured by the instrument named in a. (i) above. (2mks)
(iii) From the diagram, which direction is the wind blowing. (2mks)
b. Differentiate between absolute humidity and relative humidity. (2mks)

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4. The diagram below shows a coastal landform.

(a) Name the features marked P and K. (2mks)

(b) List down three types of ocean tides. (3mks)
5(a) Name the types of earth movements that occur within the earth’s crust. (2mks)
(b) Describe the origin of continents according to the theory of continental drift. (3mks)

SECTION B
6. Study the map of Taita Hills (1:50,000 (189/4) provided and answer the questions that follows
a (i) Identify the Province and the District shown on the map. (2mks)
(ii) Which two methods of showing relief have been used in the map? (3mks)
b. (i) Calculate the area covered by Ronge forest. (2mks)
(ii) Give two natural features found in the grid square 3419. (2mks)
(iii) Calculate the bearing of the church in grid square 3218 from the school in grid
square 3522. (2mks)
c.(i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 100Metres, draw a cross section between Grid
reference 300190 and grid reference 360190. (4mks)
(ii) On the cross section, mark and label the following features; (4mks)
i.A hill
ii.A river
iii.Thicket
iv.Main track (motorable)
(iii) Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section. (2mks)
(d) Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors influencing the distribution of settlement in
the area covered by the map. (4mks)

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7. a. (i) Name three types of faults. (3mks)
(ii) Apart from compressional forces, describe two other processes that may cause faulting. (4mks)
b. With the aid of diagrams, describe how compressional forces may have led to the formation of the
Great Rift Valley. (8mks)
c. Explain five effects of faulting on human activities. (10mks)

8.a.(i) Define the term Aridity. (2mks)

(ii) State three factors that makes wind an effective agent of erosion and deposition in the
hot deserts. (3mks)
(b) Describe how a rock pedestal is formed. (5mks)
(c) Explain four significance of desert features to human activities. (8mks)
(d) A group of form four students went out for a field study on action of water in an arid area.
(i) Give three methods of data collection they may have used. (3mks)
(ii) State four problems they have encountered during the field study. (4mks)

9 (a) Describe plucking as a process in glacial erosion. (4mks)

(b) Explain three conditions that lead to glacial deposition. (6mks)

(c) The diagram below shows features resulting from glacial deposition in a lowland area.
(i) Name the features marked X, Y, and Z. (3mks)
(ii) Describe how terminal moraine is formed. (4Mks)
(d) Explain four positive effects of glaciation in low land area. (8mks)

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10. a) What is soil catena? (2mks)
ii) Draw a well labeled diagram showing the structure of a well-developed soil profile.
(5mks)
b) Differentiate between mineralization and humification in soil formation. (2mks)
c) State three factors that determine the color of soil. (3mks)
d) (i) State four factors that influence soil formation. (4mks)
(ii) Explain how the following farming practices can cause soil degradation:
 Burning. (2mks)
 Continuous application of fertilizer on farm land. (2mks)
 Monoculture. (2mks)
iii) State three uses of soil. (3mks)

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NAME: ………………..……..………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL: ………………………………..……………………………………………………

INDEX NO: .…………..…..…….… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ….….……………...

DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E BLUEPRINT PREDICTION

QUESTION PAPER NO: 10
312/1
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Time 2 hours 45 min.
SECTION A.
1. (a) What is a natural satellite? (2mks)
(b)Give two dates of the year when equinox occurs. (2mks)
2.(a)Differentiate between natural vegetation and secondary vegetation . (2mks)
(b)State three ways in which rainfall influences the distribution of natural vegetation in Kenya. (3mks)
3.(a)List two land masses that formed from Laurasia according to the continental drift theory. (2mks)
(b)State two effects of earth movements on the landscape. (2mks)
4.The diagram below shows some features of a karst scenery. Use it to answer question (a) and (b).

(a) Name the features marked X, Y and Z. (3mks)

(b) How is the feature marked Z formed? (3mks)
5.(a)State three factors that affect the permanence of a lake. (3mks)
(b)Outline three sources of lake water (3mks)

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 SECTION B.
6.Study the topographical map of TAITA HILLS provided and use it to answer the following questions.
(a) (i) What is the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map? (2mks)
(ii) Determine the bearing of a water tank at grid square 3927 from the water tank east
of Kigala hill. (2mks)
(b)(i)Citing evidence, give four economic activities carried out in the area covered by the map. (4mks)
(ii) Describe the distribution of natural vegetation in the area covered by the map. (4mks)
(c)Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors that favour the establishment of Teita Sisal
estates. (4mks)
(d)(i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 50 m draw an accurate crosssection from grid reference
300190 to grid reference 360190. On the cross section, mark and name:
 A hill
 A river valley
 Main track (motorable) (7mks)
(ii) Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section. (2mks)

7.(a)(i)Differentiate between weather and climate. (2mks)

(ii)List four factors that influence humidity of a place. (4mks)
(b)Describe how convectional rainfall is formed. (6mks)
(c)Explain how the following factors influence climate.
(i)Altitude. (4mks)
(ii)Distance from the sea (4mks)
(d)State the characteristics of mountain climate. (5mks)

8.(a)(i)State four causes of vulcanicity. (4mks)

(ii)Give three examples of volcanic materials. (3mks)
(b)Describe how the following features are formed.
(i) Basic lava domes. (5mks)
(ii) Laccolith. (5mks)
(c)Suppose you were to carry out a field study of a volcanic landscape.
(i) State four reasons why it is important to prepare awork schedule. (4mks)
(ii) State four advantages of using observation as a method of datacollection. (4mks)

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9.(a)(i)What is a river? (2mks)
(ii)Name four features formed due to river erosion. (4mks)
(b)Use the diagram below to answer question (i) and (ii)

(i) What type of delta is represented by the diagram? (1mk)

(ii) Name the parts marked J, K and L. (3mks)
(c)With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe how natural levees are formed. (7mks)
(d)Explain four economic benefits of rivers. (8mks)

10.(a)(i)List three types of glacier. (3mks)

(ii)Explain four factors that influence the rate of glacial erosion. (8mks)
(c)The diagram below shows some features formed due to glacial deposition in lowlands.

(i) Name the parts marked P, Q, R and S. (4mks)

(ii) Describe how a hanging valley is formed. (6mks)
(d)Explain two negative effects of glaciated landscapes. (4mks)

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