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Basic Electronics NOR Gate

The document is a course submission on the topic of NOR gates in Basic Electronics, detailing their functions, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It explains the NOR gate's role as a universal gate capable of performing AND, OR, and NOT operations, along with its logical expressions and circuit symbols. Additionally, it discusses various applications of NOR gates in digital circuits and poses questions related to their operation.

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aiyzakhizar
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22 views16 pages

Basic Electronics NOR Gate

The document is a course submission on the topic of NOR gates in Basic Electronics, detailing their functions, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It explains the NOR gate's role as a universal gate capable of performing AND, OR, and NOT operations, along with its logical expressions and circuit symbols. Additionally, it discusses various applications of NOR gates in digital circuits and poses questions related to their operation.

Uploaded by

aiyzakhizar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Semester 3rd

BS Physics
Course Title : Basic Electronics
Course code : PHY-211
Credit Hours: 3(3-0)
Session : 2022-2026
Submitted To: Mam Nida Fatima
Submitted By: Group # 03
Umme Rubab (Roll no #03)
Maryam Rafique (Roll no #09)
Rubab Fatima (Roll no #11)
Laiba Razzaq (Roll no #12)
Marriyam zafar (Roll no #22)
Hafsa Nawaz (Roll no #36)
Aqsa amjad (Roll no #42)
Malaika Eman (Roll no #58)
NOR Gate
and its Applications
 Logic Gates
 Types of Logic Gate
 NOR Gate
 Symbol of NOR gate
 Logical Expressions of NOR gate
 NOR gate as OR gate
 Nor gate as AND gate
 NOR gate as NOT gate
 Applications of NOR gate
 Advantages of NOR gate
 Disadvantages of NOR gate
George Boole inventor of the idea of logic gates. A logic gate is an idealized or physical device that
performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that’s
produces a single binary output.
“A logic gate is a device that acts as a building block for digital circuits”.
They perform basic function logical function that are fundamental to digital circuits.

Types of Logic Gates

The types of logic gates are following:


AND Gate
OR Gate (invertor)
NOT Gate
NOR Gate
XOR Gate (exclusive -OR gate)
XNOR Gate (exclusive- NOR gate)
1 0

On Off

High Low

Open Close

Right Wrong

Yes No

True False
 NOR Gate is one of the universal gate because it can perform all three basic functions of AND, OR and
NOT gate.
 A NOR gate is a combination of OR gate and a NOT gate. so, we can say it OR-NOT operation.
 It may have two or more inputs and one output.
 The NOR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical NOR. A high output (1)results if both the
inputs to the gate are low(0).If one or both input is high (1), the output will be low(0).
Boolean Expressions:
X =A+ B
The Logic Circuit Symbol:
 NOR Gate produces high input (1) only when all the inputs are low(0).when any of the
input is high the output will be low(0).Therefore, the basic purpose of NOR gate is to
determined when certain conditions are simultaneously true, as indicated by low level on
all of its inputs and produces a high on its output.

Inputs outputs
A B X
0 O 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
NOR gate can actually be used as an OR gate by just adding an inverter at the output. By using another
inverter in the output, the final output is inverted and is given by C=A+B which is the logic function of OR
gate . When both inputs of the NOR gate are low(0), the output is high(1). Which is the same behavior as an
OR gate.
Here, two inverters have been used ,one for each input. The inputs have thus, been inverted before they are
applied to the NOR gate. The input is A + B. when both inputs A and B are high (1), the output will be
low(0),just like AND gate.

A
Y = AB

B
The NOR gate can be used as NOT gate by connecting one of the inputs to the other input. When both
inputs of the NOR gate are the same, the output will be the opposite. For example, if both inputs are high
(1),the output will be low (0), and if both inputs are low (0), the output will be high(1). This behavior is similar
to a NOT gate, which simply inverts the input.
We use a 3-input NOR gate to control the flow of
ingredients of a mixer tank. Different kinds of ingredients
are stored in cylindrical Hooper. A capacitive proximity
switch is arranged outside of each cylinder , at its bottom.
This is to detect the amount or level of ingredient.
NOR gate have numerous applications in digital circuits.
 In remote controls

 In monitoring various sensors

 In digital circuit designs

 In control the sequencing of traffic lights

 In flash memory technology

 In robotic fields

 In processing and transmitting data

 In the functioning of calculator buttons and computer keyboard.


Some advantages of NOR gate are following:
 Versatile building block for digital circuits.

 Simplifies complex logic circuits.

 Cost-effective and widely available.

 Consumes less power.

 Performs multiple logic operations.

 Used in memory element implementation.

 Compatible with various digital components.

 Easy to troubleshoot.

 Offers high noise immunity.

Disadvantages of NOR gate:


 NOR gates have a slower response time compare to their logic gates.
 They required more transistors , making them more complex and costly.
 NOR gates have higher power consumption than some other gates.
 They are not suitable for certain applications that required precise timing.
 What is the working operation of NOR gate?
 What are the Boolean expressions of NOR gate?
 How many inputs and outputs can NOR gate have?
 How NOR gate works as OR gate?
 Why NOR gate is known as universal gate?
Any Question?

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