Awdm

g¨v‡bR‡g›U
Awdm †Kb?
GKK_vq Awdm ej‡Z Kvh©vjq eySvq| Awdm
†QvU ev eo, miKvix ev evwYwR¨K hvB nDK,
Ggb KZ¸wj †gŠwjK Kvh© Av‡Q, †h¸wj †h
†Kvb Awd‡m Aek¨B m¤úvw`Z nq| A_¨
cÖhyyw³i GB Pig DbœwZi GB RM‡ZI
Awdm‡K †gŠwjK KvR¸‡jv Ki‡ZB nq|
wWwRU¨vwj A_ev bb-wWwRU¨vj c×wZ‡Z|
Awdm g¨v‡bRvi ev e¨e¯’vcK‡K wbwðZ KZ¸wj
welq †hgb, cwiKíbv, msMVb, wb‡`©kbv I
wbqš¿Y BZ¨vw`| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vcv‡i mwVK
wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ n‡Z nq| wm×všÍ †bIqvI
Awdm e¨e¯’vcbvi GKwU KvR| myôy
Kvh©vejx m¤úv`‡bi Dci Awd‡mi Kvg¨ mdjZv
wbf©ikxj|

Awdm KvR K‡i _v‡K :

1| cªwZôv‡bi †K›`ª wnmv‡e
2| ga¨¯’ wnmv‡e
3| mgš^q mvabKvix wnmv‡e
4| wK¬qvwis nvDm wnmv‡e
5| Rbmvavi‡Yi mwnZ †hvMv‡hvMKvix wnmv‡e
Ges 6| cªkvm‡bi g~j †K›`ª wnmv‡e|

1
AvaywbK Awd‡mi cªavb Kvh©¸wj ms‡¶‡c
wbgœiƒ‡c eY©bv Kiv hvq :
1| Kv†h©i h_vh_ cwiwa wba©viY|
2| Z_¨ MªnY I msMªnKiY|
3| Z_¨ cªwµqvRvZKiY|
4| cª‡qvRbxq miÄvgvw` msMªn Kiv|
5| Awd‡mi dig cª¯ÍyZ I mieivn Kiv Ges
g‡bvnvix `ªe¨vw`i h_vh_ e¨e¯’v Kiv|
6| myôy bw_KiY e¨e¯’v eRvq ivLv|
7| wewfbœ cªwZôvb Ges cªwZôv‡bi wewfbœ
wefv‡Mi mwnZ †hvMv‡hvM Ges me©cªKvi
welqvejx wjwce× Kiv|
8| Avf¨šÍixY †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wbqg cªwZôv I
ZË¡veavb Kiv|
9| cªwZôv‡bi Avw_©K wnmvecÎ, g~j¨evb `wjj
`¯Ív‡eR i¶Yv‡e¶Y
10| cwiKíbv cªYqb KiY|
11| m¤ú‡`i †ndvRZ weavb|
12| cªwZôv‡bi cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨vw`
Kg©KZ©v‡`i cª‡qvR‡b Dc¯’vcb
13| cªwZôv‡bi cwiKíbv, ev‡RU cªYqb I wbqš¿Y
Kiv|
14| cªwZôv‡bi cªkvmwbK Kvi¨Kjv‡c e¨e¯’vcK‡`i
h_vh_ mvnvh¨ cª`vb Kiv|
15| cªwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ I bxwZmg~n ev¯ÍevqbK‡í
e¨e¯’vcK‡`i‡K mnvqZv cª`vb Kiv|
16| cªwZôv‡bi ˆ`bw›`b iæwUb †gvZv‡eK wbZ¨
Kg©¸wj myôyfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv|
17| GKwU Awdm g¨vby‡qj cª¯ÍyZ Kiv, hv n‡Z
Kg©PvixMY Z_¨ (Information), Dc‡`k I civgk©
cvB‡Z cv‡i|

2
18| Awdm c×wZ Aa¨qb I Dnvi Dbœq‡bi cš’v
D™¢veb Kiv|
19| Ab¨ wefv‡Mi cª‡qvR‡b †mev Kvi¨ Kiv Ges
cª‡qvRbxq Z_¨ I DcvË (data) mieivn Kiv|
20| Kvh©Ki MYms‡hvM e¨e¯’v KiY|
Awd‡mi KvR mKj †¶‡Î cªvqB GK- †Kej AvqZb
†f‡` Kv‡Ri cwigvY (volume) I cª‡qvM wewa
wfbœ|

Awd‡mi Kvi¨vejxi wefvMxKiY

AvaywbK Kv‡j GKwU Awd‡m wewfbœ cªK„wZi
Kvh©vejx m¤úvw`Z nq| A‡bK mgq GKwU gvÎ
†K›`ªxq Awd‡mi c‡¶ GB mKj wewfbœgyLx
Kvh©Kjvc myôyfv‡e m¤úv`b Kiv m¤¢eci nq bv|
ZvB Awd‡mi mgMª Kvh©vejx `¶Zvi mwnZ
m¤úv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ GwU‡K KwZcq wefv‡M wef³
Kiv nq| Kvh©ejxi aib I cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx Dnv‡`i
†kÖYxweb¨vmc~e©K GK GKwU KvR m¤úv`‡bi
`vwqZ¡ Awd‡mi GK GKwU wefv‡Mi AvIZvfz³
Kiv‡K Awdm Kvh©vejxi wefvMxKiY e‡j| A_©vr
GB e¨e¯’vq Awd‡mi wewfbœ cÖK…wZi
Kvh©vvejx m¤úv`‡b `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
Avjv`vfv‡e mswkøó wefvMmg~‡ni Dci Ac©Y
Kiv hvq|

ÿz`ªvqZ‡bi cÖwZôv‡b wefvMxqKi‡Yi we‡kl

cÖ‡qvRb bvB| wKšÍy cÖwZôv‡bi AvqZb e„nr
nB‡j wefvMxqKiY Acwinvh©| Avevi me© cÖKvi
e„n`vKvi cÖwZôv‡bi wefv‡Mi msL¨v ev cÖK…
wZ GK iKg bv nIqvB ¯^vfvweK| KviY cÖwZôv‡bi
e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx wefvM Kg-†ekx

3
n‡Z cv‡i wKsev wefv‡Mi bv‡gi g‡a¨I wewfbœZv
cwijw¶Z n‡Z cv‡i|
D`vniY¯^i~c, †h cÖwZôvb kyaygvÎ Af¨šÍixY
evRv‡ii Rb¨ cY¨ cÖ¯ÍyZ K‡i Dnvi Ôißvbx wefvMÕ
_vwK‡e bv, wKš‘ ißvbxgyLx cÖwZôv‡bi Ôißvbx
wefvM, GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖavb wefvM wnmv‡e
cwiMwYZ n‡e| Z‡e GKwU AvaywbK Awd‡m
†gvUvgywUfv‡e wb‡gœv³ wefvM¸wj _vK‡Z
cv‡i :
1. mvaviY cÖkvmb wefvM :
K. gy`ªv¶wiK kvLv
L. Wywcø‡KwUs kvLv
M. wPwVcÎ kvLv
O. WvK kvLv
P. Z_¨ cªwµqvRvZKiY kvLv
Q. mwPexq kvLv
N. bw_e×KiY I bw_cÎ msi¶Y kvLv
2. wnmve wefvM
3. bM`vb wefvM
4. Drcv`b e¨q wnmve wefvM
5. µq wefvM
6. weµq wefvM
7. Kg©x wefvM
8 gwGwUix wefvM
9. avi-msµvšÍ Z_¨ I
10. gRyix wefvM
11. ißvbx wefvM
12. weÁvcb I cªPvi wefvM
13. cwienY wefvM
14. msMVb I c×wZ wefvM

wewfbœ wefv‡Mi mgš^q mvab

4
Dc‡i GKwU AvaywbK Awd‡mi wewfbœ wefvM
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBqv‡Q| GB Av‡jvPbv
n‡Z GKwU welq AZ¨šÍ ¯úó nBqv‡Q †h,
cÖwZôv‡bi myôz cwiPvjbvi Ab¨Zg c~e©kZ©
nBj Dnvi wefvMxqKiY| Kvh©mg~n‡K wewfbœ
wefv‡M wef³ bv Kiv nB‡j cÖvwZôvwbK
e¨e¯’vcbvi wech©q Aek¨¤¢vex| wKšÍy
A‡bKMywj wefvM m„wó Kwi‡jB †h D‡Ïk¨ mdj
nBqv hvB‡e GgbwU Avkv Kiv evZzjZv gvÎ|
wefvMxqKi‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Ki‡Z nB‡j
wewfbœ wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ mgš^q mva‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges mgš^q mva‡bi Myiy‡Z¡i Dci
Av‡jvPbv Kwie|
01| cÖavb e¨e¯’vc‡Ki mfvcwZ‡Z¡ wefvMxq
e¨e¯’vcK‡`i Awa‡ekb :
cÖavb e¨e¯’vc‡Ki mfvcwZ‡Z¡ wefvMxq
e¨e¯’vcK‡`i Awa‡ek‡b wewfbœ wefv‡Mi
g‡a¨ mgš^q mva‡bi e¨vcv‡i AZ¨šÍ
djcÖm~| GwU mswkøó wefvMMywji wfZi
mn‡hvwMZv e„w× K‡i| GB ˆeV‡K wewfbœ
wefv‡Mi weMZ Kvh©vejxi Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq
Ges GwU mgš^‡qi Rb¨ wewfbœ Kvh©Kix
cwil` MV‡b mnvqZv `vb K‡i|
02| ZË¡veavq‡Ki e¨w³MZ cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g :
ZË¡veavq‡Ki e¨w³MZ cÖ‡Póvi Øviv Kv‡h©i
ZË¡veav‡bi I Kg©Pvix‡`i Kv‡Ri mgš^q
mvab Kiv hvq| wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ †Kvb RwUjZv I
A‰b‡K¨i m„wói nB‡j Zvnv evwn‡ii n¯Í‡ÿ‡ci
c~‡e©B wefvMxq ZË¡veavqK mh‡Zœ I
mveav‡b †Póv Kwi‡eb|
03| cÖwZôv‡bi g~jbxwZi Abymi‡Yi
gva¨‡g :

5
 D‡Ïk¨vejxi mg¯Í KZ…©Z¡ I `vwqZ¡ eȇbi
mvgÄm¨Zv I bgbxqZv cÖf…wZ‡Z msMV‡bi
bxwZmg~n Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi
wewfbœ wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZv e„w×
Kiv hvq|
04| cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©‡`i gb¯ÍZ¡‡K cÖfvweZ
K‡i :
cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©‡`i gb¯ÍZ¡‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iI
wewfbœ Kv‡h©i wefv‡Mi mgš^q mvab Kiv
hvq| Dc‡iv³ cÖwµqvq Kgx©‡`i AbycÖvwBZ
I DrmvwnZ K‡i Zvn‡`i g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZvi
g‡bvfve M‡o †Zvjv hvq| cÖwZôvbwU wb‡Ri
Ges GwUi Avq-DbœwZ I mybv‡gi mevB
mgvb Askx`vi| ZvB mKj‡K HK¨e× I `jMZ
cÖ‡Pôvq eªZx I wb‡ew`Z nIqvi †PZbv‡ev‡a
RvMvBqv Zzj‡Z n‡e| Ges GB j‡ÿ¨
cÖwZôvb‡K GKwU e„nr cwievi g‡b Kivi gZ
gvbwmK `„wófw½i AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e
cÖwZwU Kgx© I wefvM‡K|
cÖm½µ‡g D‡jøL¨ †h cÖwZôv‡bi mvd‡j¨i
Rb¨ mgš^q mvab Acwinvh© I
MyiyZ¡c~Y© KvR| ZvB Awdm e¨e¯’vcK‡K
GB wel‡q mZK© `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e|

AšÍ: Awdm m¤úK©

AšÍ: Awdm m¤úK© (Intra means within interior) G‡Ki
Af¨šÍ‡i ev GKm~‡Î Mvu_v| IW‡qwUf Ges g,
nvwee Djøvni g‡Z, ÒGKB cÖwZôv‡bi
DbœwZ I Afxó jÿ¨ AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ HK¨e×
cÖ‡Póv I `jMZ †PZbv‡ev‡a DØy× nBqv
†Kvb Awd‡mi GK wefvM Aci wefv‡Mi
cwic~iK I wbf©ikxj GB g‡bvfve Mov I eRvq

6
 ivwLevi m¤úK©‡K AšÍ: Awdm m¤úK© (Intra
Office relation) eySvq|Ó A_©vr GKB
cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvi g‡a¨ ci¯úi
†hvMm~Î ¯’vcb K‡i GKB D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨
cÖwZôvb‡K GKwU e„nr cwievi g‡b Kivi gZ
gvbwmK `„wófw½ M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU
Kgx© I wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ Z_v Awd‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i
GBi~c m¤úK© cˇbi cÖqvm I HKvwšÍK
cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv Awdm Kvh©cÖYvjxi Ask|

AšÍ: Awdm m¤úK© Mo‡bi Dcvqmg~n

01| wefvMxq Kg©KZ©v‡`i mvgwqK ˆeVK
Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g|
02| Z`viKKvix‡`i e¨w³MZ cÖqv‡mi Øviv|
03| cÖwZôv‡bi g~jbxwZi ch©v‡jvPbv I
Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g|
04| MVbg~jK I AbyK‚j g‡bvfve MV‡bi mvnv‡h¨|
05| civgk© cÖ`v‡bi Øviv, cyi¯‹vi I
mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g|
06| †ckvMZ msMV‡bi gva¨‡g|
07| mvgvwRK Abyôvb I wPË we‡bv`b e¨e¯’vi
gva¨‡g|

Awdm wkóvPvi, f`ªZv I Av`eKvq`v

G wel‡q Avgv‡`i K‡qKwU ixwZ bxwZi K_v g‡b
ivL‡Z n‡e : (1) Af¨vm, (2) AvPvi, (3) bxwZ, (4)
e¨envi, (5) f`ªZv|
Dc‡iv³ 5wU kã Avgv‡`i mvgvwRK I †ckvMZ
Rxe‡b MyiyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| †hgbÑ
01| Af¨vm :
K. mgqgZ KvR Kiv|
L. mevB‡K †ÿÎ we‡k‡l AewnZ Kiv|

7
02| AvPvi :
K. †cvlvK cwi”Q`|
L. K_v ejvi fsMx|
M. Lv`¨ I Ab¨vb¨ Avnv‡ii mgq wKQz KiYxq
KvR|
03| bxwZ :
K. AvBb I c×wZ gZ KvR Kiv|
L. A‡nZzK †Kvb cÖwZkÖywZ bv †`Iqv|
04| e¨envi :
K. Ac‡ii hv‡Z Amyweav bv nq †m wel‡q jÿ¨
ivLv|
05| f`ªZv :
K. mevB‡K nvwmgy‡L m¤¢vlY Rvbv‡bv|
L. AwZw_‡K †`vo‡Mvov‡ZB m¤¢vlY
Rvbv‡bv I we`vq Rvbv‡bv|
M. Av‡¯Í K_v ejv|
N. eq:‡R¨ô, gwnjv I wkky‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×v I
†mœnkxj nIqv|
O. mvÿvr gvÎB m¤¢vlY †`Iqv/m¤¢vlY MÖnY
Kiv|

`߇ii e¨env‡ii Rb¨ KwZcq KiYxq KvR :

01| Kg©KZ©vi mwnZ †`Lv Kivi mgq GKwU
†cwÝj I LvZv/mv`v KvMR m‡½ ivLv|
02| Kg©KZ©vi AbygwZi c‡i Avmb MÖnY Kiv|
03| †Kvb mfv Z¨v‡Mi cÖv°v‡j mfvcwZi
AbygwZ MÖnY Kiv|
04| K‡_vcK_‡bi mgq hw` †Kvb K_v eyS‡Z bv
cv‡ib Zvn‡j gvd Kiæb eyS‡Z cvijvg bv A_ev
`ytwLZ eyS‡Z cvijvg bv, `qv K‡i Avevi ejyb
D”PviY Kiæb|

8
05| Avcbvi K‡ÿ hw` Kg©KZ©vi ev Avcbvi
mnKgx© ev †Kvb mvaviY e¨w³ cÖ‡ek K‡ib
Zvn‡j Zvnv‡K mv`i m¤¢vlY †`Iqv| Avcwb
hw` e¨¯Í _v‡Kb Z‡e Zv‡K em‡Z ej‡eb|
06| GKwU K‡ÿ Avcbvi 4/5 Rb hw` KvR K‡ib Ges
†Kvb Kg©KZ©v hw` †mB K‡ÿ cÖ‡ek K‡ib
Ges Avcwb †Kvb Kv‡R e¨¯Í _v‡Kb Zvn‡j
KiYxq welqÑ Avcbvi Kv‡Q hw` wZwb bv
Av‡mb Zvn‡j Avcbvi KvR †i‡L D‡V `vov‡bvi
†Kvb KviY bvB|
07| †Uwe‡ji Dc‡i nvZ †i‡L SzwKqv K_v bv ejv|
08| K_v ejvi mgq †n‡j`y‡j K_v bv ejv|
09| K_v ejvi mgq kix‡ii †Kvb Ask bv PzjKv‡bv|
10| mvaviYZ : bv Kvkv| hw` Kvwk Av‡m Zvn‡j
iægvj gy‡L w`‡q ev `~‡i m‡i Mjv cwi®‹vi
K‡i Avmv|
11| Pv ev †Kvb wKQz LvIqvi mgq AvIqvR bv
Kiv|
12| Pvg‡Pi kã h_vm¤¢e Kgv‡bvi †Póv Kiv|

wPwVcÎ †jLvi mgq we‡kl KiYxq welq :

01| hvi Kv‡Q wPwV w`‡eb g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e wZwb
Avcbvi gZB i³ gvs‡mi GKRb gvbyl| Zvi `ytL
Av‡Q, ivM Av‡Q Ges mgm¨v Av‡Q| ZvB
KvDI‡K AvNvZ bv K‡i ev g‡bvKó bv w`‡q
wPwVi fvlv mshZ ivLv `iKvi|
02| mnKgx©, Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡`i cÖwZ
memgq kÖ×vkxj _vKv| Zvnv‡`i g‡b AvNvZ
bv K‡i memgq K_v ejv| hw` †Kvb †`vlÎæwUi
K_v ej‡Znq Zvn‡j cUf‚wgi D‡jøL K‡i Ges
f`ªZv mnKv‡i VvÛv †gRv‡R †KejgvÎ
cÖvmw½K K_v ejv|

9
AwZw_ Avc¨vqb :
01| KvD‡K wbw`©ófv‡e `vIqvZ bv w`‡j Zvnv‡K
†Kvb Lv`¨e¯Íy Øviv Avc¨vqb Kiv Aek¨ KiYxq
b‡n| Zvi mwnZ m¤ú~Y© f`ªZv eRvq ivL‡Z
n‡e| KwZcq wgwó K_v hv ej‡Z †Kvb UvKv
LiP nq bv A_P gb Rq Kiv hvq :
cÖkœ Reve
1. †Kgb Av‡Qb? ab¨ev`, fv‡jv AvwQ|
2. ab¨ev`| Avcbvi eo–
3. Avwg wK Avevi `qv/Avcwb LyeB
Avm‡Z cvwi? fv‡jv/ †h †Kvb mgq
4. Avcwb Avevi Avcwb Avm‡Z cv‡ib/
Avm‡eb| K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib|
5. Avcwb wK Avgv‡K Aek¨B|
wKQz mvnvh¨ Aek¨B|
Ki‡Z cv‡ib: Aek¨B| Avb‡›`i
mwnZ|

we:`ª:
01| †Kvb mvÿvrcÖv_x© AvMgb Ki‡j Avgv‡`i
Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h Zvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q|
Zvi mgm¨v Av‡Q|
02| †Kvb AvZ¥xq/eÜz/mvaviY e¨w³ mvÿvr Ki‡Z
G‡j Avgiv †hb Gi“c bv fvwe ÒGZw`b c‡i
eywS g‡b c‡o‡Q? GZw`b wQ‡jb †Kv_vq?Ó
03| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e wec‡` ev cÖ‡qvR‡bB gvbyl
gvby‡li Kv‡Q Av‡m|
04| Ab¨ mg‡q A‡nZzK KviI Kv‡Q hvIqv Df‡qi
Rb¨B ÿwZKi Ges mgq I A‡_©i AcPq NUvq|

10
05| hZ`~i m¤¢e KvnviI mv‡_ mvÿvr Kivi
c~‡e© Zvi AbygwZ MÖnY Kiv `iKvi Ges wK
wel‡q mvÿvr Ki‡eb Zvnv c~‡e©B Zvnv‡K
Rvbv‡bv `iKvi|
06| Avjvc LyeB mswÿß Ki‡Z n‡e| Avmj K_v ej‡Z
n‡e| f‚wgKvi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb bvB|
07| mvÿvrcÖv_x©i g~j mgm¨vMy‡jv GKUv
KvM‡R Uz‡K wb‡Z n‡e A_ev Zv‡K wj‡L
†`Iqvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Ki‡Z n‡e|

Dc‡iv³ msÁvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Awdm Gw_· ev

Awdm bxwZweÁvb ej‡Z eyRvq Awdm
Kg©Pvix‡`i wK Kiv DwPZ Avi wK Kiv DwPZ
bq| Awd‡mi hveZxq e¨vcv‡i b¨vq bxwZ
Abymv‡i †KvbwU cvjbxq Ges †KvbwU
cwiZ¨vR¨ †m m¤^‡Ü mKj Awdm
Kg©Pvix‡`i Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
Awdm ˆbwZKZvi cÖavb Dcv`vbmg~n :
01| Awd‡mi mKj Kg©Pvix‡`i mwnZ mبenvi
Kiv|
02| Awd‡m wb‡Ri KZ©e¨ wbôvmnKv‡i
wbqwgZ m¤úv`b Kiv|
03| Awd‡m Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvixi ÿwZ Kivi †Póv bv
Kiv|
04| Awd‡m mgqgZ Dcw¯’Z nIqv|
05| Awd‡mi Kv‡R dvuwK †`Iqvi †Póv bv Kiv|
06| Awd‡mi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk Kiv|
07| Awd‡m A‡nZzK A‡b¨i mgq bó bv Kiv|
08| Awdm Kg©KZ©v Awd‡m _vKv m‡Ë¡I
mv‡ne Awd‡m bvB ejvi wb‡`©k bv †`Iqv|
09| Ab¨ Awd‡mi ev †Kv¤úvbxi †jvK‡K wb‡Ri
cÖwZôv‡b cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i Avbvi †Póv bv Kiv|

11
10| A‡b¨i `yb©vg iwU‡q wb‡R evnev †bIqvi
†Póv bv Kiv|
11| ¯^xq DbœwZi Rb¨ Ab¨‡K †nq cÖwZcbœ bv
Kiv|
12| Awd‡mi †MvcbxqZv iÿv Kiv|
13| Ôem‡K Ggb aviYv bv †`Iqv †h wZwb µgk:
D×Z n†”Qb Ges cÖfve we¯Ív‡ii †Póvq
Av‡Q|
14| gvby‡li cÖwZ mvnv‡h¨i n¯Í cÖmviY Kiv,
GwU mvd‡j¨i cÖ_g Ges cÖavb msÁv|
15| Ac‡ii DbœwZ, mvdj¨ A_ev †mŠfv‡M¨
Cl©vwš^Z bv nIqv|
16| Ac‡ii cÖwZ webqx nIqv I mZZv eRvq ivLv|
17| wb‡Ri †`vl me©v‡MÖ ¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv|
18| Awdm I cÖwZôv‡bi j‡ÿ¨i cÖwZ
DrmMx©K…Z nIqv|
19| Awdm Kv‡R QjPvZzixi AvkÖq bv wbqv
wb‡ew`Z cÖvY nIqv|
20| Awdm KvR m¤úv`b K‡i Aci n‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi
cyi¯‹vi ev Dr‡KvP bv †bIqv|
21| Awdm Kv‡R `vw¤¢KZv I cÿcvZ`yóZv n‡Z
mKj mgq gy³ _vKv|

Awdm iæwUb
Awdm Kg©Pvix‡`i Awd‡m AvMgb I cÖ¯’v‡bi
mgq, Kv‡h©i `vwqZ¡ eÈb I cvjv wba©viY
m¤ú‡K© wbZ¨‰bwgwËK cvjbxq Kvh©m~Px‡K
Awdm iæwUb ejv nq| Awdm Kg©PvixMY KZ…
©K wba©vwiZ wbq‡g Awdm Kvh©vejx
m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ wbw`©ó mgq Kg©Pvix‡`i Awd‡m
Avmv-hvIqv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| avivevwnK Awdm
Kv‡h©i Rb¨ Kvh©-cvjvI c~e© wbw`©ó _vK‡Z

12
n‡e| Awdm iæwU‡bi gva¨‡gB Kg©Pvix‡`i
mgqgZ Kv‡h© †hvM`vb I cvjvµ‡g Kvh©
m¤úv`b wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e| DcišÍy GwUi gva¨‡g
Awdm Kv‡h© k„•Ljv Avbqb, †Kvb Kgx©i Kv‡R
nVvr AZ¨vwaK Pvc ev ¯^íZv †iva, Af¨šÍixY
wbeviY e¨e¯’v BZ¨vw` m¤¢e nq| dj¯^i~c Kvh©
m¤úv`‡b mg‡qi AcPq †iva Ges e¨q wbqš¿Y
mnRmva¨ nq|

Awdm wewfbœ wKiƒ‡c Awdm iæwUb †gvZv‡eK

D³ KvR m¤úv`b K‡i Zvnv wb‡gœ eY©bv Kiv
n‡jv :
01| WvK MÖnY I weZiY (Mail Service) :
WvK‡hv‡M c‡Y¨i digv‡qk cÎLvbv Awd‡m
†c‡q m‡½ m‡½ mswkøó e¨w³ I wefv‡Mi
wbKU `ªyZ Kvh©Kix Kivi e¨e¯’v †bIqvi Rb¨
n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq|

3 3

WvK wcqb
3 3 wcqb
gvidZ

13
02| `vg wba©viY (Figuring) : weµq wefv‡Mi
fvicÖvß Kg©Pvixi g~j¨ wbiƒcb K‡i|
03| mZ¨ cÖwZcv`b (Verifying) : GwUi ci D³ g~j¨
wbiƒc‡bi Kvh©vejx‡K Ab¨ GK EaŸ©Zb
Kg©Pvix mZ¨ cÖwZcv`b Verify weµq K‡i
_v‡K, hv‡Z mswkøó cÿ؇qi ¯^v_©
†Kvbi~‡c ÿzYœ bv nq ev hv‡Z †Kvbiƒc fzj-
ÎæwUi AeKvk bv _v‡K|
04| ms‡hvM (Communicating) : D‡jøwLZ digv‡qk
†gvZv‡eK cY¨ mieivn Ki‡Z hw` AviI †Kvb
we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY ev Z_¨vejx MÖvn‡Ki wbKU
n‡Z Rvb‡Z nq, Zvn‡j Awdm‡K ZrÿYvrB
†Uwj‡dvb, †UwjMÖvd ev cÎ ms‡hvM K‡i D³
Kvh©mgvav Ki‡Z nq|
05| wej ˆZwi (Billing) : I AšÍfz©w³KiY (Entry) : cY¨
Pvjvb †`Iqvi ci ciB D³ †jb‡`‡bi wnmve
Kvievi ev cÖwZôv‡bi weµq LvZvq ev weµq
Rv‡e`vq wjwce× Ki‡Z nq|
06| bw_KiY (Filling) : D³ Kvievix †jb‡`b mgvwßi
mv‡_ mv‡_B Awdm‡K GZ`msµvšÍ KvMRcÎ,
Pvjvb, wej BZ¨vw` mgqgZ cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a
cvIqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ mwVK c×wZ‡Z bw_e× K‡i
ivL‡Z nq| Dc‡i ewY©Z avivevwnK
Kvh©vw` wb‡gœ ewY©Z Kvh©vw` †Kvb
†Kvb Awd‡m m¤úvw`Z nq|
07| msKjb (Compiling) : GwUi ci D³ Kvievix
cÖwZôv‡b weµq msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx, DcvË ev
cwimsL¨vb cÖ¯ÍyZKi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ weµq-
e¨e¯’vcK Awdm‡K msKj‡bi Rb¨ Aby‡iva
Rvwb‡q _v‡K|
08| cÖwZwjwcKiY (Duplicating or Typing) : Gi“c
ˆ`bw›`b enymsL¨K wPwVcÎ, wi‡cvU©, wej,

14
 Pvjvb, weeiYx, ZvwjKv, digv‡qk cÎ,
weÁvcb I Av‡`kvejx Awdm Kgx©‡`i‡K
wbZ¨Kg© wnmv‡e mgvav Ki‡Z nq|
09| msev` cwienb (Messenger Service) : Awdm‡K
cÖvq cÖwZw`bB `ªyZ I ZrciZvi mwnZ
Riywi wi‡cvU©, g~j¨evb `wjj-cÎ I ÿz`ª
cv‡m©j BZ¨vw` e¨emv ev Kvh©vcj‡ÿ
wewfbœ MšÍe¨¯’‡j wbivc‡` cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨
e¨w³MZfv‡e †cŠuQv‡Z nq|
10| Af¨_©bv (Reception) : Af¨_©bv Awd‡mi
GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR| cÖwZôv‡bi cÖK…
wZ I AvqZb mv‡cÿ Af¨_©‡Ki Avek¨K nq|
Awd‡mi wewfbœ Z_¨ m¤^‡Ü A‡bK mgq
ewnivMZ e¨w³MZ ev MÖvnKMY Rvb‡Z
Av‡mb| GBme e¨w³eM©‡K h‡_vchy³
Af¨_©bv Ávcb I Z_¨ cwi‡ekb Kiv Af¨_©‡Ki
`vwqZ¡ cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg I DbœwZK‡í
GwUi MyiyZ¡I h‡_ó|

Awd‡mi wbivcËvg~jK e¨e¯’v

cÖwZwU Awd‡m wbivcËvg~jK e¨e¯’v _vKv
DwPZ| Awd‡m hv‡Z `yN©Ubv bv N‡U Dnvi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq mZK©Zvg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z
n‡e| †gwkb, ˆe`y¨wZK cvLv, kxZvZc wbqš¿Y
hš¿, †Uwj‡dvb, †UwjwcÖ›Uvi, †U‡jKm, d¨v·,
Kw¤úDUvi BZ¨vw` h‡š¿i ÎæwU kU© mvwK©‡Ui
d‡j hv‡Z †Kvbiƒc `~N©Ubv bv N‡U Z`cÖwZ
mZK©Zvg~jK jÿ¨ ivLv I e¨e¯’v †bIqv DwPZ|
GwU Qvov wmwo, KwiWi BZ¨vw` ¯’v‡b
cÖ‡qvRbxq Av‡jvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| ewnivMZ
†jvKR‡bi Avbv‡Mvbvi cÖwZ `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e|
cvjvµ‡g cÖnixi e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Awd‡mi

15
myôz Kvh© cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ GwU LyeB
MyiyZ¡c~Y©| KviY, Awdm Kg©Pvixiv hw`
Awdm wbivcËv‡eva bv K‡i Z‡e Zvnv ¯^vfvweK
Kvh© m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|

Kvh©vejx‡K mymse×fv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨

wewfbœ cÖwµqvmg~‡ni †KŠkjc~Y© ms‡hvRb I
m¤úv`bvi Kjv‡KŠkj Aej¤^‡bi bvgB Awdm
e¨e¯’vcbv| GBLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h Awdm
Kvh© myôzfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cwiKíbv cÖYqb,
msMVb ˆZix, wb‡`©kbv `vb, †cÖlYv `vb,
mgš^qmvab I wbqš¿Y Kiv nq|

mvaviY e¨e¯’vcbvi Avw`Myiy Henri Fayol AvR n‡Z

cÖvq 70 ermi c~‡e© e¨e¯’vcbv‡K cvuPwU KvR
ev cÖwµqv ev Dcv`v‡b fvM K‡iwQ‡jb| h_vÑ
01| Forcast and plan- c~e©vbygvb Kiv I cwiKíbv
cÖYqb;
02| Organize- msMVb ˆZwi Kiv;
03| Command- Av‡`k †`Iqv Direction-wb‡`©kbv;
04| Co-ordinate- ms‡hvRb Kiv ev mgš^qmvab
Kiv;
05| Control- wbqš¿Y Kiv;

01| cwiKíbv : Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ wePvieywׇZ

mvnv‡h¨ Av‡M n‡Z wPšÍv K‡i Kvh©µg,
Kg©cš’v, ev‡RU BZ¨vw` w¯’ixKiY Awdm
e¨e¯’vcbvi †gŠwjK Kvh©| GwU‡K Ab¨vb¨
Kvh©vejxi m~Pbv wnmv‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
02| msMVb : Kgx©‡`i g‡a¨ Kv‡Ri wefvM,
k„•Ljve× web¨vm, †hvMm~Î I cvi¯úwiK
m¤úK© ¯’vcb BZ¨vw`| GwU Qvov Awd‡mi

16
 Kvh©vejx msÁvwqZ K‡i Kvh© eÈb I kyiy
msMV‡bi AvIZvq c‡o|
03| wb‡`©kbv : wewfbœ Kgx© I Kgx©‡Mvôx‡K
w`‡q Zvunv‡`i KZ©e¨Mywj m¤úv`b Kiv‡bvi
D‡Ïk¨ Zvunv‡`i wb‡`©k †`Iqv I Zvunv‡`i
KvRKg© cwiPvjbv Kiv; myZivs GwUI Awdm
e¨e¯’vcbvi MyiyZ¡c~Y© Kvh©|
04| AbycÖvYbv ev †cÖlYv : gb cÖvY w`‡q KvR
Kiv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kgx©MY‡K h_vh_ †cÖiYv
`vb| Kgx©‡`i †cÖiYv `v‡bi Rb¨ Avw_©K,
Abvw_©K I mvgvwRK wewfbœ cš’v
iwnqv‡Q|
05| ms‡hvRb : wewfbœ wefvM, Kgx© I KvR
K‡g©i g‡a¨ msnwZ mvab K‡i, Ab¨_vq HK¨
webó K‡i|
06| wbqš¿Y : wewfbœ KvRKg© cwiKíbv I
wb‡`©k Abyhvqx wVKgZ Pwj‡Z‡Q wKbv
Zvnv LwZ‡q †`Lv Ges bv Pwj‡j hv‡Z wVKgZ
P‡j †mB D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨e¯’vMÖnY Kivi bvgB
wbqš¿Y| GwU Kvh©vejx m¤úv`‡bi
mwVKcš’v wb‡`©k K‡i Ges fzj c_ cwinv‡i
mnvqZv K‡i|
MyiyZ¡ : c~‡e©B ejv nBqv‡Q †h, Awdm
cÖwZôv‡bi mœvqy‡K›`ª- †mBw`‡K `„wó
†i‡L cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb
cÖwZôv‡bi b~¨Zb Awdm feb ¯’vcb Kivi
cÖv°v‡j D‡`¨v³v ev e¨e¯’vcK‡K wePÿYZvi
mwnZ Dnvi ¯’vb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| Awd‡mi
Rb¨ mwVK ¯’vb wbe©vPb Kiv MyiyZ¡c~Y©
KvR| Awd‡mi Ae¯’vb kniZjx ev kni-DcK‡É
†hLv‡b nDK bv †Kb mswkøó welqvw`
we‡ePbvi ci Awd‡mi Rb¨ Kvg¨ ¯’vbwU

17
 wbi~cb bv Kwi‡j jÿ¨ AR©b e¨vnZ nq|
Awd‡mi msKzjv‡bvi c~‡e©B Awd‡mi
Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZôv‡bi
Av‡kcv‡kB Awd‡mi Ae¯’vb DËg| Awd‡mi
¯’vb Dchy³ bv nB‡j `ÿZv n«vm cvq|
mwVKfv‡e †mev cÖ`vb Kiv hvq bv| Awdm
†h‡nZz GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi mœvqy‡K›`ª
wnmv‡e MY¨ †m‡nZz GwUi Ae¯’vb
wba©viY Ki‡Z mywe‡ePbv I myôz cwiKíbv
Avek¨K|

Awd‡mi ¯’vb wbe©vPb KwZcq Dcv`vb Øviv

cÖfvweZ nq| ZvB Awd‡mi Rb¨ ¯’vb wbe©vPb
Kivi mgq GBme Dcv`vbMywj we‡ePbv Kiv
Avek¨K| wb‡gœ Awd‡mi ¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi
we‡eP¨ welqvejx Av‡jvwPZ nBj :
01| h‡_vchy³ cÖwZ‡ekxZ¡ : Awdm fe‡bi kvšÍ,
¯^v¯’¨Ki cÖwZ‡ewkZ¡ (Neighbourhood) _vKv
Avek¨K| ¯’vb Aek¨B †Mvj‡hvM, †avuqv, ˆn-
ˆP, ayjv I `yM©Ü †_‡K gy³ nIqv Avek¨K|
¯^v¯’¨Ki cÖvK…wZK Ae¯’vi cÖwZ `„wó
ivL‡Z n‡e| K`h© AÂj ¯^v¯’¨nvwbKi| my›`i
cwi‡e‡k Kg©Pvix‡`i Kg©ÿgZv ev‡o|
02| Abyiƒc m¤úK©hy³ kvLvi ˆbKU¨ : †h RvqMvq
Awdm feb ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e- Zvnv †hb Abyiƒc
Kvh©vjq I kvLvKvh©vj‡qi wbK‡U Aew¯’Z
nq, hv‡Z Zvnv‡`i mwnZ mn‡R ms‡hvM iÿv
Kiv hvq|
03| Ab¨vb¨ †mev cÖwZôv‡bi ˆbKU¨ : wewfbœ
cÖKvi †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v we‡kl K‡i WvKNi,
†UwjMÖvg, e¨vsK, exgv, AwMœwbe©vcK

18
 cÖwZôv‡bi Awdm BZ¨vw` †hb Awd‡mi
mwbœK‡U Aew¯’Z _v‡K|
04| wbKU¯’ hvbevnb I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
myweavw` : DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v I
hvbevn‡bi myweav cÖwZwU Awd‡mi Kvg¨|
†ij, evm, wUgvi e›`i-NvU I Uviwgbvj BZ¨vw`
Awd‡mi mwbœK‡U Aew¯’Z nIqv
evÂbxqÑhv‡Z AwdmKgx©, MÖvnK I
`k©bv_©xiv myj‡f I Abvqv‡m hveZxq
hvbevnb I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi myweavw` †fvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU myôzfv‡e Awdm wµqvKjvc
m¤úv`‡bi mnvqK nq|
05| m¤úªvmi‡Yi my‡hvM : cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a
fwel¨‡Z Abvqv‡m Awd‡mi AvqZb m¤úªmviY
Kiv hvq Ges cvwb, Zvc I Av‡jv-evZv‡mi
ch©šÍ myweav BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡iB
AÆvwjKvi wfw˯’vcb Kiv DwPZ|
Awd‡mi bKkv Awdm feb ˆZwi Kivi c~‡e©B
weÁvbm¤§Zfv‡e AswKZ Ki‡Z n‡e| GwU ˆZwi
Kivi c~‡e© e¨e¯’vcK‡K Aek¨B we‡klÁ‡`i
civgk© w`‡Z n‡e| GKZjv fe‡bi bKkv
cwieZ©b I m¤úªmviY mnR| GKZjv feb
wbg©v‡Y LiP Kg Ges Abvqv‡m Av‡jv-
evZv‡mi myweav †fvM Kiv hvq|
06| ch©vßZv : fwel¨‡Z I eZ©gv‡b wK cwigvY
¯’v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Zvnv we‡ePbv Kiv|
cÖ‡qvRbxq wmuwo, wjdU, aygcvb Kÿ,
cvqLvbvÑcÖmªveLvbv, gmwR`, †i‡¯Íviv
BZ¨vw` me©mvavi‡Yi e¨env‡ii †mev-
e¨e¯’vMywj †h‡Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨
Acwimxg MyiyZ¡c~Y©|

19
07| LwiÏv‡ii mgvMg : †µZv we‡µZvi msL¨v
†Kv_vq AwaK n‡e Zvnv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
08| Kgx© wewb‡qvM : †hLv‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq
msL¨K †UªwbscÖvß I `ÿ Awdm Kgx© cvIqv
hvq Zvnv jÿ¨ ivLv Avek¨K|
09| mvgvwRK my‡hvM myweav cÖvwßi
e¨e¯’vw` : evm¯’vb, evRvi, wkÿv cÖwZôvb,
nvmcvZvj, cywjk dvuwo, wPË-we‡bv`b
†K›`ª BZ¨vw`i ˆbKU¨ I myMgZv _vKv
Avek¨K|
10| RxebhvÎv I hvZvqvZ LiP †hLv‡b Kg †mB
¯’v‡b Awdm feb wbg©vY Kiv DwPZ|
11| fwel¨‡Z hvZvqZ e¨e¯’vi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q wK-
bv Zvi we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ Ges bMi Dbœqb I
†cŠi KZ…©c‡ÿi AbygwZ †bIqv Avek¨K|
12| Gi“c m~² `~i`„wó ivLv DwPZ †hb †Kvb
cÖKv‡iB A‡_©iI mg‡qi AcPq bv N‡U Ges
DbœZ Ae¯’v‡b Kg Li‡P Awdm Kvh©vejx
wbe©vn Kiv hvq|

Awdm cwi‡ek :
Awd‡mi Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K cvwicvwk^©K
Ae¯’v‡K Awdm cwi‡ek e‡j| Awd‡mi †fŠ‡MvwjK
Ae¯’vb, †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, Av‡jv-evZvm
mÂvjb, cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv, cvwb mieiv‡ni
mye¨e¯’v BZ¨vw` welq‡K mgwóMZfv‡e Awdm
cwi‡ek ewjqv AwfwnZ Kiv hvq| GwU Qvov
Awdm K‡ÿi PZz®úv‡k©i Ae¯’v, hš¿cvwZi kã,
mvR-miÄv‡gi web¨vm, DòZv I Av`ª©Zv
BZ¨vw`I Awdm cwi‡e‡ki AšÍfz©³|

Awdm cwi‡ek fv‡jv ivwLevi Dcvq :

20
Awd‡mi myôz cwi‡ek eRvq ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨
wbgœwjwLZ Dcv`vbmg~‡ni cÖwZ we‡kl
`„wó ivL‡Z nq :
01| cÖPzi Av‡jv-evZvm mÂvjb : Awd‡mi myôz
cwi‡ek wbwðZK‡í Awdm K‡ÿ Av‡jv-evZvm
hvZvqv‡Zi cÖwZ `„wó ivLv `iKvi|
02| †hvMv‡hvM I hvbevn‡bi e¨e¯’v : Awdm
Kgx© I mswkøó e¨w³e‡M©i Rb¨ hvZvqvZ I
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi DËg e¨e¯’v wbwðKiY Awdm
cwi‡ek fv‡jv ivLvi GKwU Acwinvh© Dcv`vb|
03| cvwbi ms¯’vb : Awdm Kgx© I ewnivMZ‡`i
cÖ‡qvR‡bi gyn~‡Z© cvb Kiv ev Uq‡jU
e¨env‡ii Rb¨ weky× cvwbi ms¯’vb GKvšÍ
Acwinvh©|
04| †`qvj I Qv‡`i is : Awdm K‡ÿi †`qvj I Qv‡`
meyR I bxj is Gi e¨envi g‡bvig cwi‡ek
m„wó‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
05| kxZvZc wbqš¿Y : myôz cwi‡ek wbwðZKi‡Yi
D‡Ï‡k¨ Awd‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i AwZwi³ Mig I VvÛv
wbqš¿Y Kiv Avek¨K|
06| evRv‡ii ˆbKU¨ : Awdm Kgx©‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq
cY¨ mvgMÖxi mnR cÖvwßi D‡Ï‡k¨ Awdm Kÿ
evRv‡ii mwbœK‡U Aew¯’Z nIqv DwPZ|
07| †KwÈb I Uq‡j‡Ui myweav : Awdm Kgx©‡`i
Rb¨ DbœZ †KwÈb I Uq‡j‡Ui mye¨e¯’v _vKv
evÂbxq|
08| †mev cÖwZôv‡bi my‡hvM : Awd‡mi
wbKUeZx© ¯’v‡b wPËwe‡bv`b, wPwKrmv,
wkÿv, e¨vsK, exgv, †cv÷ Awdm BZ¨vw`
†mev`vbKvix cÖwZôv‡bi Aew¯’wZ GKvšÍ
Acwinvh©|

21
09| ‡Mvj‡hvM gy³Zv : Kgx©e„‡›`i g‡bv‡hvM
Ges Awdm K‡g©i MwZ Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Rb¨
Awdm cwi‡ek me©`v †Kvjvnj gy³ _vKv
Avek¨K|
10| mvÿvrKvi I †Uwj‡dv‡bi c„_K Kÿ : Awd‡mi
†Uwj‡dvb †hvMv‡hvM I mvÿvrKv‡ii wbwg‡Ë
c„_K c„_K Kÿ _vK‡Z n‡e|
11| kã Drcv`bKvix h‡š¿i c„_K Kÿ Ges †g‡S
Kv‡c©U : AwZwi³ kã ˆZwiKviK hš¿ †Kgb
c„_K K‡ÿ ivLv `iKvi †Zgwb †jvK PjvP‡j kã
wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †g‡S Kv‡c©U _vKv Avek¨K|
12| DuPz `vjv‡b Awdm Kÿ : Nb emwZc~Y©
GjvKvq Awdm wbg©vY Ki‡Z nB‡j †Mvj‡hvM,
ˆn ˆP ev hvbevn‡bi kã n‡Z iÿv cvIqvi D‡Ï‡k¨
`vjv‡bi DuPz Zjvq Awdm Kÿ Aew¯’Z nIqv
evÂbxq|
Dc‡iv³ welqMywji m‡½ m‡½ gmwR`, cywjk
dvuwo, `gKj evwnbx BZ¨vw` mwbœK‡U
Ges †bvsiv, A¯^v¯’¨Ki ¯’vb n‡Z `~‡i Awdm
Kÿ wbwg©Z nB‡j Awd‡mi myôz cwi‡ek
wbwðZ nq|

Awdm msKzjvb wK :
Awdm msKzjvb ej‡Z Awdm K‡ÿi cwiwa,
D”PZv Z_A Awdm K‡ÿi aviY ÿgZv‡K eySvq|
Awdm K‡ÿi AvqZb, cwiwa, D”PZv BZ¨vw`i
mgš^‡q Awd‡mi msKzjvb ev aviY ÿgZv
wba©viY Kiv nq| AwZ e‡ov AvKv‡ii Awdm †hgb
A‡_©i AcPq NUvq †Zgwb AwZ ÿz`ªvK…wZi
AwdmI cÖwZôv‡bi Kg© cÖev‡n e¨vNvZ m„wó
K‡i|

22
 Awd‡mi msKzjvb h‡_vchy³ ev evÂbxq nIqv
Avek¨K| cÖ‡qvRbxq mvR-miÂvg, hš¿cvwZ,
AvmevecÎ BZ¨vw`i h_vh_ ms¯’vcb I `ÿ Kg©
m¤úv`‡bi Dchy³ msKzjvb e¨e¯’v _vKv `iKvi|
GBRb¨ Awd‡m e¨en„Z hš¿cvwZ AvmevecÎ
BZ¨vw`i h_vh_ web¨vm Ges myôz Kvh©KvwiZv
we‡ePbv K‡i Awdm msKzjvb m¤úwK©Z
wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv evÂbxq|

Awdm msKzjv‡b we‡eP¨ welqmg~n :

Awdm msKzjvb cwiKíbvq (A_ev Awdm
msKzjv‡b D™¢zZ mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡í)
wbgœwjwLZ welqmg~‡ni Dci MyiyZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv
DwPZ :
01| fvov ev µq : Awd‡mi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kÿ
wbg©vY, µq ev fvov Kiv n‡e Zvnv cÖ_‡g
we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq|
02| Awdm K‡ÿi msL¨v : Awdm M„nwU e‡ov GK
Kÿ wewkó n‡e A_ev GwU wefvM Iqvix
KwZcq K‡ÿ wef³ n‡e Zvi Awdm msKzjv‡b
Ab¨Zg we‡eP¨ welq|
03| fwel¨r Dbœqb : Awdm msKzjv‡bi e¨vcv‡i
wm×všÍ †bIqvi mgq GwUi fwel¨r Dbœqb
Ges m¤úªmviY m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv Kiv Avek¨K|
04| Awd‡mi AvKvi : Awd‡mi AvKvi Gi“c nIqv
DwPZ †hb cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ, AvmevecÎ I
miÄvgv`x my›`ifv‡e web¨vm Kiv hvq Ges
Awdm Kgx©MY myôzfv‡e KZ©e¨ m¤úv`b
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
05| Awd‡mi cwiwa : Awdm msKzjv‡bi mgq
Awdm K‡ÿi AvqZb, cwiwa, D”PZv BZ¨vw`

23
 Ggbfv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv `iKvi hv‡Z GwUi
cÖwZ Bw ¯’vb K‡g© e¨eüZ nq|
06| mvR miÄv‡gi m½wZ : Awdm msKzjv‡b
GwUi hš¿cvwZ, mvR miÄvg BZ¨vw`i
mvgÄm¨c~Y© web¨v‡mi welqwUI wPšÍv
Kiv Avek¨K|
07| Av‡jv-evZv‡mi e¨e¯’v : Awdm K‡ÿ hv‡Z
cÖPzi Av‡jvevZvm hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z cv‡i †mB
w`‡K j‡ÿ ivLv DwPZ|
08| Awdm Kg©Pvix I mswkøó †jvKR‡bi PjvPj
e¨e¯’v : Awdm Kgx©e„›` Ges ewnivMZ
†jvKRb hv‡Z mn‡R Pjv‡div Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi
Awdm msKzjv‡bi bxwZ cÖYqbKv‡j we‡ePbv
Ki‡Z nq|
09| `wjj, bw_ I KvMRc‡Îi msiÿY : cÖwZôv‡bi `wjj
`¯Ív‡eR, mxj‡gvni, bw_cÎ BZ¨vw`i h_vh_
msiÿY Ges mnRjf¨Zvi K_v we‡ePbv Kiv
Avek¨K|
10| Awdm msKzjv‡bi LiP : Awdm msKzjv‡bi
mgq GwUi mvR-miÄvg web¨v‡m m¤¢ve¨
Li‡Pi K_vI we‡ePbv Kiv evÂbxq|
GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Awdm msKzjvb msµvšÍ
e¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi mgq Dc‡iv³
Dcv`vbMywji m‡½ m‡½ c`¯’ Kgx©‡`i emvi
myweav, †Mvcb K‡ÿi mye¨e¯’v, cwi`k©K I
ewnivMZ‡`i Rb¨ AbymÜvb K‡ÿi e¨e¯’v
BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Dci MyiyZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv
Avek¨K|

Awdm web¨vm Kvnv‡K e‡j :

Awdm msMV‡bi Ab¨Zg MyiyZ¡c~Y© Kvh© n‡jv
web¨vm KiY| web¨vm KiY A_© n‡jv mvRv‡bv|

24
 Awd‡mi mvRm¾v ev web¨vm (Officelayout)
ej‡Z Awd‡mi wewfbœ wefvM I kvLvi g‡a¨ Gi“c
RvqMv eÈb‡K eySvq hv Awd‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i †Pqvi,
†Uwej, Avjgvix, i¨vK cÖf…wZ wKfv‡e ivL‡Z n‡e,
Av‡jv-evZv‡mi wK e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e, wewfbœ
wefvM †Kv_vq ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e, hvZvqv‡Zi c_
wKfv‡e KZUv cÖk¯’ ivL‡Z n‡e, wewfbœ wefv‡Mi
fvicÖvß Kg©Pvix‡`i Avmb †Kv_vq wKfv‡e ivL‡Z
n‡e GB mKj welq m¤^‡Ü h‡_vwPZ e¨e¯’v MÖnY
K‡i| GwU‡K c~e© cwiKíbv Abymv‡i myôzfv‡e
mvRvBqv Zzj‡Z cvwi‡jB Awd‡mi Kg©`ÿZv e„w×
cvq| web¨v‡mi ÎæwU cÖvi‡¤¢B mvwiqv †dwj‡Z
n‡e|

cÖ‡qvRbxqZv : myôz Kg© cwi‡e‡ki LvwZ‡i Ges

Kgx©‡`i c‡ÿ mívqv‡m `ÿZvi mv‡_ Kg©
m¤úv`‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡bB eZ©gv‡b weÁvbm¤§Z :

Awdm web¨v‡mi wewfbœ aiYMywyj

Av‡jvPbv Ki :
Awd‡mi ai‡bi †Kvb aivevuav wbqg bvB| ZvB
Awd‡mi ai‡bi mgZv Avbqb Kiv mnR bq| GK GK
Awd‡m GK GK aib cwijwÿZ nq| Awdm web¨vm
mvaviYZ : `yB ai‡bi nBqv _v‡K| h_vÑ `jMZ
web¨vm Ges Kvh© cÖYvjx gvwdK web¨vm|
Zvici Db¥y³ Awdm web¨vm Ges e¨w³MZ Awdm
web¨vm GB `yB ai‡bi web¨vm m¤ú‡K© wb‡gœ
Av‡jvwPZ n‡jv :
`jMZ web¨vm : Awd‡m †h me †jvK GKB ai‡bi
KvR K‡i ev †h me hš¿cvwZ n‡Z GKBiƒc KvR
cvIqv hvq †m me †jvK ev hš¿cvwZ GKB¯’v‡b
web¨vm Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb- mg¯Í gy`ªvÿwiK‡K

25
GKB ¯’v‡b Ges mg¯Í wnmv‡ei hš¿‡K GKB K‡ÿ
web¨vm Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
Kvh©cÖYvjx gvwdK web¨vm : hvi †h ai‡bi
KvR Zvnv‡K wVK †m ai‡bi Kv‡Ri myweavRbK
¯’v‡b ¯’vb K‡i w`‡Z nq| †hgbÑ dvBwjs wefvM‡K
†cÖiY wefv‡Mi Kv‡Q web¨vm Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
Db¥y³ ev †Lvjv Awdm : GB ai‡bi web¨vm
mg&mZ ÷vd‡K GKUv eo K‡ÿ ev nj N‡i web¨¯Í
Kiv nq| wewfbœ wefvM‡K nj N‡ii g‡a¨ wewfbœ
¯’v‡b mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv nq| A‡bK mgq †kjd ev
dvBwjs †Kwe‡bU Øviv Zvnv‡`i wfbœ K‡i ivLv
nq|
e¨w³MZ ev cÖvB‡fU Kÿ : Dc‡ii ¯Í‡ii Awdmvi‡`i
Rb¨ †MvcbxqZv iÿv K‡i g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mwnZ KvR
Kivi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ Kÿ ev cÖvB‡fU K‡ÿi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z
nq|
Awdm web¨v‡m myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨
†hme c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv DwPZ Zvnv wb‡gœ
ewY©Z nBj :
01| wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvß ¯’v‡bi evwn¨K
Ae¯’v wbiƒcb Kiv : mywbw`©ó cwigvc
Abyhvqx g‡Wj ev bgybv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨
mg¯Í RvqMvi evwn¨K Ae¯’vb wbiƒcb K‡i
m¤úK©hy³¸wj‡K cvkvcvwk ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
02| Av‡jv-evZvm mÂvjb I cÖ‡ek-evwn‡ii
e¨e¯’v ivLv : mí Li‡P AwaK Kg© m¤úv`‡bi
D‡Ï‡k¨ web¨v‡mi AvK…wZ mij‰iwLK,
e„ËvKvi ev (U) c¨vUv‡b©i n‡Z cv‡i| Awd‡mi
cÖ‡Z¨K As‡k h‡_vchy³ Av‡jv-evZvm cÖ‡e‡ki
e¨e¯’v ivLv ivLv| Kgx©msL¨v, Kvh© I
MyiyZ¡ Abymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡Mi ¯’vb
wba©viY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb- wnmveiÿK,

26
 wPwVc‡Îi cv‡Vv×vi I DËi`vb, wewfbœ
MyiyZ¡c~Y© bw_cÎ I `wjj ˆZwii I Abywjwc
cÖ¯ÍyZKiYKv‡j ch©vß Av‡jvi cÖ‡qvRb|
†Kbbv gvÎvwZwi³ ev Ach©vß Av‡jv Awdm
Kgx©i gb-gvbwmKZvi Dci cÖwZK‚j cÖfve
cwo‡Z cv‡i ewjqv Kvh©m¤úv`‡b AšÍivq
m„wó K‡i| GB wel‡qi Dci h‡_vchy³
MyiyZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv evÂbxq|
03| Awd‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i hvZvqv‡Zi e¨e¯’v ivLv :
Awd‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ my-cÖk¯Í
¯’vb _vKv Avek¨K| hvZvqv‡Zi cÖavb c_
cvuP dzU n‡Z AvU dzU cÖk¯Í nIqv Avek¨K|
h_v¯’v‡b wbivcËv we‡ePbvc~e©K †iKW©
Kÿ, †÷vi Kÿ I óªsiæg BZ¨vw`i ¯’vb wbw`©ó
Kiv DwPZ|
04| wefvMxq cÖavb I c`¯’ Kg©KZ©v‡`i Avmb
wba©viY Kiv : wefvMxq cÖav‡bi Avmb
Giƒ‡c ¯’vcb Kiv nq †hb wZwb mn‡RB Aaxb¯’
†jvK‡`i Dci bRi ivL‡Zcv‡ib| Kg©KZ©v‡`i
bvgdjK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Awd‡mi fveg~wZ©
iÿv‡_©, myôz e¨e¯’vcbvi LvwZ‡i A‡bK mgq
D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v‡`i‡K Avjv`v Kÿ †`Iqv
DwPZ| A‡bK‡ÿ‡Î GwU Awd‡mi †mŠ›`h© I
Kg©KZ©v‡`i g‡bvej e„w× K‡i|
05| Kg©Pvix‡`i Avmb wba©viY Kiv :
Kg©Pvix‡`i ewmevi Avmb KLbB mvgbv
mvgwbfv‡e mvRv‡bv DwPZ b‡n| GwU‡Z
Ah_v Avjv‡c Kv‡Ri e¨vNvZ N‡U| GBMywj
mvwie× K‡i Ggbfv‡e mvRv‡bv DwPZ †hb
mKj Kg©Pvix GKw`‡K gyL K‡i ewm‡Z cv‡i|
Kgx©‡`i Avmb Ggbfv‡e ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z

27
 Kg msL¨K mycvifvBRvi Zvnv‡`i Z`viK Ki‡Z
mÿg nb|
06| AvMšÍyK I Af¨_©bv K‡ÿi e¨e¯’v ivLv :
AvMšÍyK‡`i Af¨©_bvi Rb¨ Dchy³ e¨e¯’v _vKv
cÖ‡qvRb Ges Zvnv‡`i AvMg‡b †hb Kv‡Ri
e¨vNvZ bv N‡U †mBw`‡KI jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| GB
e¨vcv‡i Avjv`v e¨e¯’v ivLv mgxwPb|
07| bM`vb (K¨vk) wefvM‡K cvwU©kb Øviv
Avjv`v ivL‡Z n‡e|
08| wbivcËvi e¨e¯’v ivLv : †÷vi I K¨vk wefv‡Mi
wbivcËvi Rb¨ Dchy³ e¨e¯’ MÖnY Kiv DwPZ|
fe‡bi cÖavb dUK I wewfbœ `iRvq cÖnixi
¯’vb wbw`©ó ivLv DwPZ| †h †Kvb †jvK hv‡Z
†mLv‡b Aev‡a cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
09| Gev`Z (cÖv_©bv) Kÿ, wekÖvg I Rj‡hvM K‡ÿi
e¨e¯’v Kiv : e¨w³MZ Avjvc I wekÖvg K‡ÿi
e¨e¯’v ivLv DwPZ| Rj‡hvM Kÿ _vKv evÂbxq
cÖ‡qvR‡b cwieZ©b‡hvM¨ nvjKv cvwU©k‡bi
e¨e¯’v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Af¨_©bv K‡ÿ g‡bvig I
cwicvwU AvmevecÎ _vKv DwPZ|
10| Awdm †gwkb K‡ÿi kã wbeviK †`Iqvj Øviv
†ewóZ Kiv : †h mg¯Í miÄvgvw` I hš¿cvwZ
e¨env‡ii mgq kã n‡Z cv‡i †hgb- Awdm
†gwkb Kÿ GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b kãjqcÖvß
†`Iqvj Øviv †ewóZ n‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j hš¿cvwZ I
miÄvgvw` ¯’vbvšÍiRwbZ kã Awd‡mi Kv‡R
e¨vNvZ m„wó Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| †`Iqv‡ji Mv‡q
cv_i KzwP I dvBevi †evW© jvMv‡bv _vwK‡j
kã Kg nq|
11| gh©v`vbymv‡i Uq‡jU ev †kŠPvMvi †aŠZ,
cq: cÖYvjxi mye¨e¯’v ivLv : mKj cÖKv‡ii
Kgx©i Rb¨ gh©v`v Abymv‡i †kŠPvMvi †aŠZ

28
 I cq:cÖYvjxi mye¨e¯’v ivLv DwPZ| eZ©gvb
hy‡M Awd‡mi mvRm¾vi Dci Awd‡mi `ÿZv
A‡bKUv wbf©i K‡i| myZivs Awd‡mi
mvRm¾vi cÖwZ wbe©vnx e¨e¯’vc‡Ki
g‡bv‡hvMx nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| web¨v‡mi ÎæwU
cÖvi‡¤¢B mvwiqv †dwj‡Z n‡e|
12| g‡bvig e¨e¯’vw` : †QvU †QvU eny K‡ÿi †P‡q
eo Kÿ nB‡j cwi`©kb, Z`viK, †hvMv‡hvM I
Av‡jv evZv‡mi myweav nq| m¤úK©hy³
wefvMMywj cvkvcvwk ivLv fv‡jv|
14| Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ c„_K K‡ÿi e¨e¯’v ivLv
DËg|

Awd‡mi Af¨¯Í‡i Avmevec‡Îi web¨vm :

Awd‡mi wewfbœ K‡ÿi AvqZb wbiƒcb K‡i hveZxq
AvmevecÎ I hš¿cvwZi mvBR I msL¨v wnmve K‡i
wbgœewY©Z Dcv‡q HMywj mvRvB‡Z n‡e :
01| cÖwZwU †W¯‹ ev †Uwe‡ji gvSLv‡b wZbdzU
RvqMv dvuK ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvRbgZ Pjv‡divi
Rb¨ PvidzU c_ ivL‡Z n‡e|
02| Kv‡Ri MwZ `ªæZ ivLvi Rb¨ †W¯‹ KvQvKvwQ
ivLv fv‡jv|
03| †h mg¯Í Kg©Pvixi Ab¨ K‡ÿi ev ewnivMZ‡`i
mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ivL‡Z nq, Zvnv‡`i †Uwej,
Rvbvjv, `iRv ev c‡_i Kv‡Q emv‡bv DwPZ|
04| †Pqv‡ii Rb¨ cÖvq wZb dzU RvqMv ivLv
`iKvi|
05| mK‡j e¨vsK ev WvKN‡ii b¨vq KvR Kwi‡j †W¯‹
GKw`‡K wdiv‡bv fv‡jv|
06| †jLvcovi mgq Av‡jvi w`‡K gyL K‡i emv
ÿwZKi|

29
07| mvgbvmvgwb †W¯‹ emv‡bv fv‡jv bq, Zvn‡j
Mí-MyR‡ei my‡hvM nq|
08| dvBj †Kwe‡bU ev †nvqvU bU †`Iqvj msjMœ
¯’vcb Kiv fv‡jv|
09| dvBj †Kwe‡b‡Ui `iRv Lywjevi R‡b¨ wZbdzU
RvqMv dvuK ivL‡Z n‡e|
10| hv‡`i KvR †Mvcbxq ev Kv‡R AwaK
g‡bvwb‡e‡ki cÖ‡qvRb Zvnv‡`i †W¯‹ bxie I
wbivc` ¯’v‡b emv‡bv DwPZ|
11| w¯’i ev ¯’vei †`Iqv‡ji †P‡q nvjKv ai‡bi
cvwU©k‡bi e¨e¯’v ivLv DwPZ|
12| UvBwcó I Awdm †gwkb Acv‡iUi‡`i Awd‡mi
GKcÖv‡šÍ kã wbeviK K‡ÿ ¯’vb †`Iqv fv‡jv|

Awd‡mi Avmevec‡Îi cÖKvi‡f` :

Awd‡mi Avmevec‡Îi cÖavbZ : `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv
hvq : 1) D‡Ïk¨ wfwËK †kÖwY wefvM, (2) cÖK…
wZ wfwËK †kÖwYwefvM| Avmevec‡Îi D‡Ï‡k¨
Abyhvqx AvmevecÎ Pvi †kÖwY‡Z wef³| h_v :
01| wbe©vnx AvmevecÎ 02| we‡kl
AvmevecÎr
03| ¯’vqx AvmevecÎ 04| mvaviY KiwYK
AvmevecÎ
Acic‡ÿ Avmevec‡Îi cÖK…wZi wfwËK GBMywj‡K
wewfbœ fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq : 1. †Uwej, 2.
†Pqvi, 3. Avjgvix, 4. †W¯‹, 5. j¤^vUzj, 6.
i¨vK/ZvK, 7. †MvjvKvi Uzj|

AvmevecÎ wbe©vP‡b we‡eP¨ welqmg~n :

Awd‡mi Rb¨ Dchy³ AvmevecÎ wbe©vPb Kiv
GKwU MyiyZ¡c~Y© welq| GwU wewfbœ
welqØviv cÖfvweZ nBqv _v‡K| Awd‡mi

30
AvmevecÎ wbe©vPb Kivi mgq wb‡gœv³
welqmg~n we‡ePbv Kiv Avek¨K :
01| cÖK…Z cÖ‡qvRb : AvmevecÎ wbe©vPb Kv‡j
cÖ_‡g Awd‡mi wewfbœ wefvM I e¨w³e‡M©i
cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ‡qvR‡bi mwnZ msMwZ †i‡L AvmevecÎ
wbe©vP‡bi c`‡ÿc †bIqv DwPZ| Ach©vß
AvmevecÎ †hgb Kg©¯ú„nv n«vm K‡i †Zgb
AcÖ‡qvRbxq AvmevecÎ µq Kwi‡j Ah_v
Awd‡mi LiP e„w× cvB‡e|
02| Dc‡hvMxZv : mKj Kgx©i Rb¨ GKB ai‡bi
AvmevecÎ we‡kl K‡i GKB ai‡bi †Uwe‡ji
cÖ‡qvRb nq bv ev Dc‡hvMxI b‡n|
Kg©KZ©v‡`i Rb¨ †h cÖKvi AvmevecÎ
cÖ‡qvRb, KiwYK ev gy`ªvÿwi‡Ki Rb¨
†mBiKg Avmevec‡Îi cÖ‡qvRb bvB|
03| †UKmB : AvmevecÎ wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î †UKmB
n‡Z‡Q Av‡iKwU MyiyZ¡c~Y© welq| Awd‡mi
Rb¨ Ggb AvmevecÎ wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ hv
`xN©w`b e¨envi Kiv hvq| eZ©gv‡b B¯úv‡Zi
AvmevcÎ Kv‡Vi AvmevecÎ A‡cÿv KwaK
RbwcÖq|
04| Avivg`vqKZv : Awd‡mi AvmevecÎ Kgx©‡`i
Avivg`vqK nIqv DwPZ|
05| Kgx©i Avivg : wewfbœ ai‡bi Kgx©‡K
wewfbœ ai‡bi Kvh© m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq|
GBRb¨ KvDI‡K GKB Ae¯’vq ewmqv †Uwe‡j
SzwKqv KvR Ki‡Z nq Avevi KvDI‡K
wewfbœfv‡e bovPov Ki‡Z nq| GB w`‡K `„wó
†i‡L hv‡Z Kgx© Kvh© m¤úv`‡b Kg Kó
Abyfe K‡i A_©vr Aviv‡gi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i

31
 †mB w`‡K `„wó w`‡q Avivg`vqK Avmevec‡Îi
e¨e¯’v Kiv Avek¨K|
06| ¯’v‡bi mبenvi : †h‡nZz GKwU Awd‡m GK‡Î
A‡bK Kg©Pvix KvR K‡i, †m‡nZz AvmevecÎ
Ggbfv‡e wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z GwUiv Kg
¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i Ges PjvP‡ji Rb¨ h‡_ó
RvqMvi e¨e¯’v _v‡K, g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, cÖwZ
Bw ¯’v‡bi GKwU g~j¨ iwnqv‡Q| d‡j Kg
RvqMvq AvmevecÎ I Awdm msKzjvb m¤¢e
nB‡i cÖwZôvb Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb n‡e|
07| AvK…wZ I bgybv : AvmevecÎ kyaygvÎ Kvh©
Dc‡hvMx K‡iB µq ev wbg©vY Kiv n‡e Zvnv
b‡n, GwUi AvK…wZ I bgybvi AvKl©YxqZvI
we‡eP¨ welq| KviY AvmevecÎ GKw`‡K
ewnivMZ‡`i g‡b cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡K© fvj
aviYvi Rb¥ †`q Ges Aciw`‡K Kgx©‡`i g‡bvej
DbœZ K‡iI gb Drdzjø iv‡L|
08| ¯^v¯’¨MZ w`K : Avmevec‡Îi wfZi I evwni
mn‡R cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq Ggb n‡e, KviY
Acwi®‹vi AvmevecÎ ¯^v‡¯’¨i ÿwZ K‡i|
09| AvaywbKZv I AvKl©YxqZv : AvmevecÎ
wbe©vPb Kivi mgq AvmevecÎ AvaywbK
wWRvBb wewkó I AvKl©Yxq wKbv †mw`‡K
†Lqvj Kiv DwPZ| KviY GB `yBwU Dcv`vb
Awdm Kgx©‡`i g‡bvej‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Ges
Awdm Kv‡h©i cwigvY I mwVKZvi Dci AbyK‚j
cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| wewfbœ ai‡bi AvaywbK
AvmevecÎ †hgb mwUs i¨vK, N~Y©vqgvb
†Pqvi, gwWDjvi AvmevcÎ BZ¨vw` KiwYK e¨q
n«vm K‡i|

32
10| g~jab wewb‡qvM : AvmevecÎ µ‡q cÖPzi
A_© e¨q nq| myZivs AvmevecÎ wbe©vP‡bi
Avw_©K msMwZI we‡ePbv Kiv Avek¨K|
11| wbivcËv : Avmevec‡Îi e¨env‡ii d‡j hv‡Z
`~N©Ubv bv N‡U †mBw`‡K jÿ¨ †i‡L GwU
wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ| †hgb- †Uwe‡ji Dc‡ii
Ask hw` Kv‡Pi nq Zvn‡j `~N©Ubv NwUevi
AvksKv †ewk _v‡K| myZivs GB welq
we‡ePbv K‡i AvmevecÎ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
myZivs Avmevec‡Îi web¨vm ej‡Z Awdm
Kgx©‡`i h_vh_ `ÿZv Abyhvqx Kvh©
m¤úv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Awdm K‡ÿ e¨envh©
AvmevecÎ I mvR-miÄv‡gi myôz I myk„•Ljv
mw¾ZKiY‡K eySvq|

AvmevecÎ web¨vm we‡eP¨ welqmg~n :

GKwU Awd‡m AvmevecÎ web¨v‡mi mgq
wb‡gœv³ welqmg~n AwZ h‡Zœi mwnZ
we‡ePbv Kiv Avek¨K :
01| Awdm K‡ÿi c~Y© e¨envi : AvmevecÎ
web¨vmKi‡Y Awdm K‡ÿi cÖwZ Bw RvqMvi
c~Y© e¨envi wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e|
02| PjvP‡ji myweav : AvmevecÎ Ggb
myk„•Ljfv‡e mw¾Z Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Awdm
Kgx© I mswkøó e¨w³e‡M©i Pjv‡divq weNœ
bv N‡U|
03| Av‡jv-evZv‡mi e¨e¯’v : AvmevecÎ
mw¾ZKi‡Y Awdm K‡ÿ cÖPzi Av‡jv-evZvm
mÂvj‡bi w`‡K jÿ¨ ivLv `iKvi|
04| Kgx©‡`i emvi aiY : AvmevecÎ ms¯’vc‡b jÿ¨
ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Kgx©MY gy‡LvgywL ewmqv
K_vevZ©vq mgq bó Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|

33
05| wbe©vnx‡`i emvi e¨e¯’v : wefvMmg~‡ni
wbe©vnxMY ¯^ ¯^ ¯’v‡b ewmqv hv‡Z
Aaxb¯’‡`i Kvh©vejx Z`viK Ki‡Z cv‡ib
AvmevecÎ web¨v‡m Zvi jÿ¨ ivLv Avek¨K|
06| Avjwgiv I ZvK : Awdm K‡ÿ e¨eüZ Avjwgiv,
i¨vK, ZvK BZ¨vw` †`Iqvj msjMœ nIqv
evÂbxq|
07| hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v : cÖ‡qvR‡b Kgx©MY hv‡Z
Awdm K‡ÿ Pjv‡div Ki‡Z cv‡i AvmevecÎ
web¨v‡m Zvi jÿ¨ ivLv `iKvi|
08| †Uwj‡dvb ivLvi e¨e¯’v : †Uwj‡dvbwU
mswkøó Kgx©i evg cv‡k^© Zvi bvMv‡ji
g‡a¨ ms¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
09| cÖ‡qvRbxq bw_ ev dvBj ivLvi ZvK :
cÖ‡qvRbxq bw_cÎ ivLvi ZvK ev Avjwgiv
mswkøó Kgx©i KvQvKvwQ ¯’v‡b ivLv
Avek¨K|
10| cwi”Qbœ I g‡bvig : AvmevecÎ Ggbfv‡e
web¨vm Kiv DwPZ hv‡Z Awdm Kÿ me©`v
cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLv mnRZi nq|
Awd‡m e¨envh© AvmevecÎ I miÄvgv`x
web¨vm Kivi mgq we‡kl mZK©fv‡e jÿ¨
ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Kgx©MY b~¨bZg mg‡q I ¯^í
Avqv‡m Zvnv‡`i ¯^ ¯^ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨
m¤úv`b Ki‡Z mÿg nq|

Awdm hš¿vqY ev ¯^qswµqKiY ej‡Z wK

eySvq :
eZ©gvb DbœZ †`kmg~‡n wewfbœ `ßi Kvh©
†gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ¯^qswµqfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Dci
e¨vcK M‡elYv Pwj‡Z‡Q| Aek¨ Avgv‡`i †`‡k
`ßimg~‡n Awdm hš¿ e¨env‡ii e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i

34
bvB| GwUi A‡bK KviYÑ †hgb g~ja‡bi Afve,
cÖwkÿ‡Yi Afve, kÖg m¯Ív BZ¨vw`| AvaywbKKv‡j
cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’vi mnvqKiƒ‡c Awd‡m hš¿vqY
Kvh©µg cÖ_v Pvjy n‡Z‡Q| Awdm Kvh©
m¤úv`‡b †gwkb MyiyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|

AvaywbK `߇i e¨eüZ wewfbœ cÖKvi

hš¿cvwZi bvg :
Awdm hš¿cvwZ web¨v‡mi †Kvb ˆeÁvwbK
bxwZgvjv bvB| d‡j wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY n‡Z
wewfbœfv‡e GwUi †kÖwYweb¨vm m¤¢e| Avgiv
Kv‡h©i cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i Awd‡mi MyiyZ¡c~Y©
I mPivPi e¨eüZ †gwkbmg~n‡K wbgœwjwLZfv‡e
†kÖwYweb¨vm Ki‡Z cvwi :
K) wjwce×KiY hš¿cvwZ :
1. UvBcivBUvi, 2. Kwcqvi, 3. Wzwcø‡KUi, 4.
d‡Uv Kwcqvi ev d‡Uvó¨vU †gwkb, 5. †Uwj
UvBcivBUvi|
L) †hvMv‡hvM Kvh© m¤úbœKvix hš¿cvwZ
:
1. wVKvbv gy`ªY hš¿, 2. wWK‡UwUs †gwkb,
3. `~ivjvcbx, 4. Bc‡mv‡dvb, 5.
†UwjwcÖ›Uvi I 6. w¯ú‡Kv‡dvb|
M) wnmve msµvšÍ I Z_¨ we‡kølY hš¿cvwZ :
1. K¨vjKz‡jUi, 2. wnmveiÿY hš¿, 3. bM`
†jb‡`b hš¿, 4. cv KvW© †gwkb, 5.
Kw¤úDUvi|
N) Ab¨vb¨ kÖg jvNeKvix hš¿cvwZ :
1. †cvóvj d«vswKs †gwkb, 2. cvwÂs
bv¤^vwis I †WwUs †gwkb, 3. ÿz`ª wPÎ
†gwkb, 4. wewjs †gwkb I 5. enbKvix hš¿|

35
KZMywj bxwZi Dci wfwË K‡i Awd‡mi hš¿cvwZ
Ges AvmevecÎ wbe©vPb Kiv nq| †mBme bxwZi
g‡a¨ wb‡gœv³Mywj cÖavb :
01| KLb AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ e¨envi Kiv DwPZ Zvi
wm×všÍ Ki‡Z n‡e|
02| Awdm e¨e¯’vc‡Ki we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ †h, GB
mKj hš¿cvwZ e¨envi K‡i jvfevb nIqv hvB‡e
wK-bv|
03| hš¿cvwZ I miÄvgvw` ZLbB e¨envi Kiv DwPZ
†h, hLb Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ‡cŠbtcywbK Ges
GKUvbv nq|
04| hvwš¿K Ges ¯^qswµqfv‡e KvR Kiv
Acwinvh© wK-bv Zvnv wbY©q Kiv DwPZ|
05| hš¿cvwZ Ges mvR miÄv‡gi gvb Dbœqb K‡i
AwaK `ÿZv jvf Kiv hvq wKbv Ges cÖ‡Z¨K
Kgx©i Drcv`b AwZ mn‡RB cwigvc Kiv hvq
wK-bv †mBMywj c~e©v‡ýB wbe©vPb Kiv|

Awdm g¨vbyqvj wK?

Awdm e¨e¯’vcbvi GKwU Ab¨Zg KvR nBj Awdm
Kvh©vejx myôzfv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiv| ÿz`ª cÖwZôvb
A‡cÿv e„nr cÖwZôv‡b Kvh© wbqš¿Y Kiv KwVb
nq| GKwU cÖwZôv‡b †h mKj wbe©vnx I
Kg©Pvix Kg©iZ _v‡Kb Zvnv‡`i Kg© cÖ‡Pôv‡K
myôz Lv‡Z cÖfvweZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨,
msMV‡bi bxwZ, Kvh©vejx, wewa-wb‡la,
Kvh©cÖYvjx Ges c×wZ m¤ú‡K© †h wjwLZ
wb‡`©wkKv cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©‡`i‡K e¨env‡ii Rb¨
†`Iqv nq Zvnv‡K Awdm g¨vbyqvj ejv nq|

Awdm g¨vby‡q‡ji cÖKvi‡f` :

36
wewfbœ cÖKvi Awdm g¨vby‡q‡ji bvg wb‡gœ
†`Iqv n‡jv :
1. bxwZgvjv g¨vby‡qj, 2. msMVb g¨vby‡qj, 3.
cÖkvmwbK g¨vby‡qj, 4. wefvMxq g¨vby‡qj, 5.
eny D‡Ïk¨gyLx g¨vby‡qj|

Awdm g¨vby‡qj we‡kl mveavbZvi mwnZ ˆZqvi

Kiv DwPZ| Dchy³ Awdm g¨vby‡qj ˆZqvi Kivi
mgq wb‡gœv³ c`‡ÿcmg~n MÖnY Kiv Avek¨K :
01| g¨vby‡q‡j wK wK welq AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡e
cÖ_‡g Zvnv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| wel‡qi
cÖwZ mveavb _vK‡Z n‡e|
02| g¨vby‡q‡ji m¤¢ve¨ welqe¯Íyi GKwU ZvwjKv
ˆZqvi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖavb wel‡qi Aax‡b
myweavgZ Dcwk‡ivbvg _vKv DwPZ| GB
KvRwUi `vwqZ¡ GKwU KwgwUi n‡¯Í b¨¯Í Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| wefvMxq cÖavb‡`i‡K KwgwU‡Z
ivL‡Z n‡e|
03| KZMywj g¨vby‡qj ˆZqvi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zvnv
wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|KwgwU Dnvi mfvcwZi
†bZ…‡Z¡ GB KvR m¤úv`b Kwi‡e|
04| cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡Mi Af¨šÍ‡i Kv‡Ri cÖevn I Kg©
we‡kølY ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi Rb¨ cÖkœgvjv
ˆZqvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
05| cÖkœgvjvi gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i
Z_¨Mywj‡K †kÖwY web¨vm I mwVK
wk‡ivbv‡g wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e|
06| Kv‡h©i wØZ¡Zv, Kv‡h©i Ifvij¨vwcs wbiƒcb
Kivi Rb¨ Z_¨vejx‡K ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`wL‡Z
n‡e|

37
07| Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ GKwU Lmov g¨vby‡qj ˆZqvi
K‡i mgv‡jvPbvi Rb¨ wewfbœ KZ©v e¨w³‡`i
wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
08| Ab¨vb¨‡`i mycvwik I mgv‡jvPbv we‡kølY K‡i
Z`vbyhvqx g¨vby‡q‡ji ms‡kvab Ki‡Z n‡e|
ms‡kva‡bi ci Dnv Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ EaŸ©Zb
KZ…©c‡ÿi wbKU cvVvB‡Z n‡e|

Awdm dig e¨env‡ii MyiyZ¡ :

eZ©gv‡b Awd‡m KvMR I gvby‡li msL¨v
evwoqv‡Q| Drcv`‡bi b~¨Zb c×wZi Rb¨ kÖwgK
Kgx©i msL¨v Kwgqv wMqv‡Q| AvaywbK
e¨e¯’vcbvi DbœwZi Rb¨ KvMy‡R Kv‡Ri cwigvY
evwoqv‡Q| Kv‡Ri Pvc KgvBevi Rb¨ h‡š¿i
mvnv‡h¨ KvMy‡R KvR mgvav Kiv n‡Z‡Q Ges
cÖkvmwbK e¨q KgvBevi Rb¨ mywbw`©ó dig
e¨envi Kiv n‡Z‡Q| cwiKíbv Abymv‡i di‡gi QK
cÖ¯ÍyZ _v‡K weavq k„•Ljvq mwnZ Awdm Kvh©
m¤úvw`Z nq| Awd‡mi Kvh©vejx myôz I Z¡wiZ
MwZ‡Z m¤úv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Awdm di‡gi e¨envi
AZxe MyiyZ¡c~Y©|
Awdm dig e¨env‡ii myweavejx I
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv :
Awdm dig e¨env‡ii d‡j hw`I Kvh©vejx m¤úv`‡b
hvwš¿KZv Avwmqv c‡o Z_vwc GwUi myweavejx
I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv `vex iv‡L| dig e¨env‡i cÖavbZ :
wbgœewY©Z myweavejx cvIqv hvq :
01| `ªæZ Kvh© m¤úv`b I we‡køl‡Yi
myweav : Awdm Kv‡h© wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³
c~e© gyw`ªZ wbw`©ó Q‡K Z_¨vejx
wjwce× Kwi‡j GKw`‡K †hgb wZwb `ªæZ
Kvh©wU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ab¨w`‡K

38
 wjwce× Z_¨vejx we‡køl‡YI myweav nq|
KviY Z_¨vejxi we‡kl w`KMywj wjwce×Ki‡Y
HK¨ m„wó nq|
02| Z_¨ wjwce×Ki‡Yi gvb : †Kvb †Kvb Z_¨
wKfv‡e wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi ms‡KZ †`Iqv
_v‡K ewjqv Z_¨ wjwce×Ki‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq gvb
wVK ivLv m¤¢e nq|
03| k„sLjv : mKj cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ mswÿß AvKv‡i
msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cwiKíbv Abyhvqx di‡gi QK
cÖ¯ÍyZ Kiv nq ewjqv GwU‡Z Awdm
Kvh©vejx m¤úv`‡b k„sLjv Av‡m|
04| wgZe¨wqZv : GK m‡½ A‡bKMywj dig
Qvcv‡bv nq ewjqv GwU‡Z LiP Kg c‡o|
05| Kvh© wb‡`©wkKv : AbwfÁ Awdm Kgx©‡`i
wbKU vwdm dig Kvh© wb‡`©wkKv
wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| Awdm Kgx©‡K kyay di‡gi
k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki‡Z nq ewjqv Zvi Kv‡Ri
MwZI e„w× cvq|
06| Awdm Kgx©‡`i `ÿZv e„w× : dig e¨env‡i
Awdm Kgx©‡`i `ÿZv e„w× cvq Ges GwU‡Z
Zvnv‡`i Ávb e„w× mn c‡`vbœwZi mnvqK
nq|
07| `wjj wnmv‡e e¨envi : eZ©gv‡b e¨eüZ
Awdm dig fwel¨‡Z wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ejvq
`wjj wnmv‡eKvR K‡i|
08| Awdm Kv‡Ri gvb I mybvg e„w× : dig
e¨env‡ii d‡j Awdm Kv‡h©i wbw`©ó gvb
msiÿY m¤¢e nq Ges GwU‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi
mybvgI e„w× cvq|

Awdm dig ˆZix I e¨env‡ii c~‡e© jÿYxq

welqmg~n I e¨enviMZ w`K :

39
01| di‡gi AvKvi wba©viY Kiv : dig ˆZixi c~‡e©
†h h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ GwUi Øviv bK‡ji I evi evi
Kiv n‡e Zvi e„nËg AvKvi w¯’i Ki‡Z n‡e|
e¨env‡ii ci GwU‡K hv‡Z bw_e× Ki‡Z
Amyweavi m„wó bv nq|
02| di‡gi fvlv (Wording) I e¨env‡ii wb‡`©kbvejx :
dig e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Q‡Ki wk‡ivbvg ev
Dcwk‡ivbvg fvlvq I e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq
c~Y© wb‡`©kbvejx mnR‡eva¨ fvlvq n‡e,
hv e¨enviKvix cwoqv eywS‡Z cv‡i|
03| ZvwjKv web¨vm I ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ jÿ¨ ivLv :
GKB dig wewfbœ wefv‡M e¨eüZ nB‡j ev
eny e¨w³i nvZ Nywiqv wbw`©ó KvR mgvav
Ki‡Z nB‡j †mB wnmv‡e ZvwjKv web¨vm ev
ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L AswKZ Ki‡Z n‡e A_©vr
cÖ‡Z¨K Awdm ev wefvM ev Kg©KZ©vi
e¨env‡ii Dchy³ cwigvc gZ RvqMv (†¯úm)
ivL‡Zn‡e| `¯ÍL‡Zi RvqMv ivL‡Z n‡e|
04| wewfbœ i‡Oi KvM‡Ri e¨envi : GKB di‡g
GKwU wbw`©ó KvR m¤úbœ K‡i GwUi Kwc
wewfbœ Awd‡m ev wefv‡M ev †Kvb
Kg©KZ©vi AeMwZi Rb¨ ev †Kvb m~Î
msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ GwUi Kwc †cÖiY Ki‡ZnB‡j D³
di‡gi Rb¨ wewfbœ i‡Oi KvMR e¨envi Ki‡Z
n‡e| Zvnv‡Z wewfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ I evQvB‡qi
Kv‡R myweav nq| †hgb wewµ gv‡ji Pvjvb
dig ev gv‡ji digv‡qkcÎ|
05| di‡gi bvg I b¤^i e¨envi Kiv : cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKvi
di‡gi Rb¨ ¯^Zš¿ bvg I we‡kl b¤^i e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e| GwU‡Z dig mbv³ Ki‡Z myweav
nq|

40
06| wgZe¨q : di‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨v cwigvc I
KvMR Kvwji cwigv‡Yi w`K cy•Lvbycy•Lfv‡e
cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| cwiwgZ cwigv‡ci Øviv
me©w`‡Ki LiP n«vm Kiv hvq| KvMR, Kvwj,
Qvcv, LiP, bw_ AveiYx ev †Kwe‡bU
cÖ‡Z¨KwU cwigv‡ci Dci wbf©ikxj| †h dig
Øviv †jLv n‡e Zvnv †hb Pzwkqv bv hvq|
07| KvMR Aek¨B gm„Y Ges dig cwi¯‹vi
cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivLv : KvM‡Ri gm„Y w`‡K
Z_¨ I wb‡`©kvejx QvcvB‡Z n‡e Ges dig
Aek¨B cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ n‡Z n‡e|
Awdm dig bvbv ai‡bi nBqv _v‡K h_v :
evwn‡ii †hvMv‡hvM dig, AšÍ: Awdm ¯^viK
dig, hveZxq wej dig, µq Av‡`k, evZ©ven
Pvjvb, KviLvbv Av‡`k cÖf…wZÑ hv
†cŠb:cywbK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ e¨envi nq|
Awdm dig cÖ¯ÍyZ Kivi Rb¨ Awdm e¨e¯’vc‡Ki
wb‡gœv³ wel‡qi cÖwZ bRi †`Iqv cÖ‡qvRb :
(1) di‡gi D‡Ïk¨, (2) †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †Kvb dig
e¨envi n‡e, (3) di‡gi mvaviY AvKvi, (4) di‡gi
KvM‡Ri †kÖwY, (5) di‡gi KvM‡Ri eY© Ges,
(6) Dnvi cÖwZwjwcKi‡Yi Dcvq|
di‡gi e¨envi : kyaygvÎ cÖ‡qvR‡b di‡gi
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Awdm e¨e¯’vcbvi wPwVcÎ
AZ¨šÍ MyiyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
DbœZgv‡bi wPwV wjwLevi Rb¨ me©wel‡q
we‡kl g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z nq|
h_vÑ cÖ_gZ : wPwVi KvM‡Ri mvBR 81/2
BwÂ × 11 Bw cÖgvY mvBR A_ev 8 Bw ×
101/2 Bw Awdwmqvj mvBR nIqv evÂbxq|
mv`v ev Mv¤¢xh©c~Y© nvjKv is I Qvcv‡bv
wk‡ivbvghy³ wPwVi KvMR we‡kl AvKl©Y

41
 m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| AšÍ:Awdm ¯§viK Gi Rb¨ 8 1/2
BwÂ × 51/2 Bw mvB‡Ri KvMR e¨eüZ nq|

Awd‡m mieivnK…Z mvgMÖx ev g‡bvnvix :

mvaviYZ : Awdm mieivn ev g‡bvnvix ej‡Z
Awdm Kv‡h© e¨eüZ wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
mvgMÖx‡K eySvq| Awdm g¨v‡bRvi ev
†m‡µUvix‡K Gi“c g‡bvnvix `ªe¨ m¤^‡Ü
cy‡ivcywi Ávb ivL‡Z nq| we‡kl K‡i GBMywji
MyYvewj I †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †Kvb `ªe¨ †Kvb mg‡q
cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Zvi m¤^‡Ü wek`fv‡e IqvwKdnvj
_vK‡Z nq| Awdm Kgx©‡`i Kvh© m¤úv`‡b hv‡Z
Ab_©K wej¤^ bv N‡U †mBw`‡K `„wó †i‡L
Awdm n‡Z KZKMywj g‡bvnvix `ªe¨ mvgMÖx
c~e©v‡ýB mieivn Kiv nq|

Awd‡m wbZ¨ e¨envh© mieiv‡ni ZvwjKv :

K. wewfbœ aiY, AvKvi I e‡Y©i KvMR I dig
m¤^Üxq mieivn :
1. UvBc Kivi KvMR
(wewfbœ e‡Ûi)
2. mvaviY KvMR
(wewfbœ mvB‡Ri)
3. Wzwcø‡KwUs KvMR
(wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨)
4. Kve©b KvMR
(wewfbœ is Gi) cÖwZwjwc Ki‡Yi Rb¨
5. Pzl KvMR
6. bw_ mxU
7. †bvU mxU
8. Awdm ¯§viK ev †g‡gv dig
(wewfbœ AvKv‡ii)

42
 9. AšÍ: Awdm ¯§viK dig
10. †bvU LvZv
11. †ó‡bv †bvU LvZv
12. †Uwj‡dvb †g‡mR
†bvU LvZv
13. evuav‡bv LvZv
(wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨)
14. nvwRiv LvZv
15. wcqb ev `~Z eyK
16. wewfbœ AvKv‡ii
Lvg
L. †`vqvZ Kjg m¤^Üxq mieivn :
1. SiYv Kjg
(Kg©KZ©v‡`i e¨env‡ii Rb¨)
2. Kjg`vwb‡Z e¨env‡ii Kjg
3. †÷bwmj KvwUevi Kjg ev ÷vBjvm
4. †PK ev `wjjcÎ `¯ÍL‡Zi Kjg
5. wkmhy³ Kjg
6. Kjg`vwb
7. Kvwji †`vqvZ
M. Kvwj m¤^Üxq mieivn :
1. mvaviY wjLvi bxj Kvwj
2. jvj Kvwj
3. c¨v‡Wi Kvwj
4. Wzwcø‡KwUs Kv‡Ri Kvwj
5. d¬zBW ev ms‡kvabx Kvwj
6. WªBs ev `wjj wjLvi PvBwbR Kv‡jv Kvwj
N. cy¯ÍK/cwÄKv m¤^Üxq :
1. wewfbœ †idv‡iÝ, MvBW eyK, †Uwj‡dvb I
†U‡j· WvB‡iKUix
2. wewfbœ hvbevnb, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi UvBg-
‡Uej I MvBW eyK

43
 3. †UªW WvB‡iKUix ev †idv‡iÝ eyK
4. †cvóvj MvBW eyK
5. Awfavb
6. gvbwPÎ I ch©Ub MvBW
7. wek^‡Kvl
8. †W¯‹ K¨v‡jÛvi, cwÄKv
9. †`Iqvj cwÄKv
10. †iwW-wi‡Kvbvi
O. bw_ msiÿY mieivn :
1. dvBj Kfvi ev AveiYx (wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii)
2. dvBj †evW©
3. bw_ †eóbx
4. bw_ MvBWKvW© (wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii)
5. U¨vM
6. wewfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ wbkvbv`vi KvW©
7. Wªqvi †j‡ej
8. m~PxKvW© (wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨)
9. m~Px mxU
10. m~Î mxU KvW©
P. WvK Av`vb-cÖ`vb mieivn :
1. gvcbx ( †¯‹j)
2. d«¨vswKs †gwkb
3. cvwÂs †gwkb
4. †ócjvi †gwkb
5. †ócjvi wcb
6. Mvg
7. Mvjv
8. mxj, †WU÷¨v¤ú
9. ievi e¨vÛ
10. Qzwi I KvuwP
11. ievi ó¨v¤ú
12. †gvgevwZ

44
 13. wK¬c (wewfbœ
cÖKv‡ii)
14. U¨vM
15. Avjwcb
16. w`‡qkjvB
17. wewfbœ mvB‡Ri
Lvg
Q. mvuUwjwcKvi, UvBwcó, †Kvlva¨ÿ I
Ab¨vb¨ Kgx©‡`i e¨envh© Awdm mieivn
:
1. †cwÝj
2. jvj-bxj †cwÝj
3. mvuUwjwci †cwÝj
4. mvuUwjwci †bvU eyK
5. ó¨v¤ú c¨vW
6. UvKv MYbvi ¯úÄ
7. UvKv ivLvi e¨vM
8. Pvwei e¨vM
9. †Zvqv‡j (UvwK©m I mvaviY)
10. cvwbi Møvm
11. Pv-P‡µi miÄvgvw`
12. Kvc‡oi Wvóvi
13. cvj‡Ki Wvóvi
14. Zvjv-Pvwe
15. KwóK †Uc
16. B‡iRvi
17. ievi e¨vÛ ev †Uc
18. I‡qó †ccvi ev‡¯‹U
19. dvBj †Uª
20. †cwÝj mvc©bvi
21. †_ªW ej (myZvi ej)
22. Avjwcb Kzkb

45
 23. †`Iqvj Nwo
24. dvó GBW e·
25. w¯Œb/c`©v
26. wewfbœ Kv‡R
e¨eüZ ievi ó¨v¤ú I Awdm mxj †gvni
R. Uq‡jU mieivn :
1. wdbvBj/nviwcK
2. Uq‡jU mvevb
3. evwZ
4. divm ev Svo–
5. gM
6. e`bv
7. evjwZ
8. wfg (¯‹vDwis cvDWvi)
S. Ab¨vb¨ Avbylw½K mieivn :
1. Kv‡c©U
2. gv`yi
3. Avjbv
4. cv-`vwb/cv-†cvk
5. jywKs Møvm
6. †Zvqv‡j
7. dvqvi wós¸Bmvi
(AwMœ wbe©vcK wmwjÛvi)
8. ‰e`y¨wZK j¨v¤ú, evje BZ¨vw`

Awdm mieivn e¨e¯’vcbv :

Awd‡m e¨eüZ g‡bvnix mvgMÖx µ‡q I e¨env‡i
wgZe¨wqZv wbwðZ Kiv Avek¨K| GBme
mvgMÖx c„_K c„_Kfv‡e AwZ Aí g~j¨ nB‡jI
wewfbœ kvLvq mviv erm‡i GKwU Awd‡m GB
Lv‡Z †h e¨q nBqv _v‡K Zvnv Awdm Li‡Pi GKUv
e o AsK| Z`ycwi GB mKj mvgMÖxi †ÿ‡Î AcPq I

46
KvPzwci m¤¢vebv †eg cÖej| wbqš¿Y bv _vwK‡j
e¨w³MZ Kv‡R e¨env‡ii cÖeYZv ev‡o| GB
†cÖwÿ‡Z Awdm mieiv‡ni mwVK e¨e¯’vcbvi
cÖwZ Awdm e¨e¯’vcK‡K we‡kl `„wó w`‡Z nq|
Ges GB wel‡q GKwU bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Ges
AbymiY Kiv Avek¨K|
Awdm mieivn e¨e¯’vcbvi bxwZgvjvi
Avek¨Kxq DKiYmg~n wbgœiƒc :
01| mwVK mg‡q mwVK Drm n‡Z mwVK cwigvY
msMÖ‡ni e¨e¯’vKiY|
02| b~¨bZg gRy` Ges e¨‡qi Mo Abycv‡Z
fwel¨‡Z msMÖ‡ni e¨e¯’vKiY|
03| Dchy³ msiÿY I mgqv‡šÍ m‡iRwg‡b wbixÿvi
e¨e¯’vKiY|
04| Awd‡mi wewfbœ wefvM, Kg©Pvix I
Kg©KZ©v‡`i g‡bvnvix `ªe¨vw`i e¨env‡ii
bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Ges myôz wewj eȇbi
e¨e¯’vKiY|
05| g‡bvnvix mvgMÖxi MyYvMyY msiÿY, AcPq
†iva I Pzwi cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ fvÐviiÿ‡Ki
gva¨‡g wnmveiÿY e¨e¯’vi cÖwZ †K›`ªxq
wbqš¿‡Yi e¨e¯’vKiY|
wPwVc‡Îi Av`vb-cÖ`vb (correspondence)
mvgbvmvgwb Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi GKwU weKí
e¨e¯’v Ges GwU‡K h_v_©fv‡eB evwYwR¨K
cÖwZôv‡bi bxie`~Z (Silent ambassador) ewjqv
AwfwnZ Kiv P‡j| weÁwß, †bvwUk ev
¯^viKwjwc wPwVc‡Îi wewfbœ iƒc|me©‡ÿ‡ÎB
GwUi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ e¨w³MZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨ZxZ
†Kvb evZ©v (message) ev msev` †cÖiY Kiv|
AvaywbK e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi Ab¨Zg
nvwZqvi wPwVc‡Îi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hve¨e¯’v|

47
 wKšÍy GB †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v
MyiyZ¡ nvivBqv †dwj‡e, hw` AZ¨šÍ
wbcyYfv‡e GB e¨e¯’v cwiPvwjZ bv nq| †Kvb
wPwV hZ fv‡jvfv‡eB Ges AvKl©Yxq K‡i †jLv
nDK bv †Kb, Dnv cvVvB‡Z `wi nB‡j Zvi ¸iyZ¡
bó nBqv hvq| wPwVc·K `yBwU †kÖwY‡Z
wef³ Kiv P‡j (K) ewnivMZ wPwV (Inward
Correspondance) Ges (L) evwn‡i †cÖwiZe¨
wPwV (Outward correspondance).

AvaywbKKv‡j ÿz`ª nDK ev e„nr nDK cÖvq

me©cÖKvi Kvievi cÖwZôv‡b e¨e¯’vc‡Ki
c‡ÿB Awdm cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ mg`q welq
GKKfv‡e m¤úv`bv Kiv m¤¢e bq| myZivs
Kviev‡ii ev cÖwZôv‡bi myôz cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
Awd‡m eny mvnvh¨Kvix Kg©Pvix wb‡qvM
Ki‡Z nq| Kg©Pvixw`M‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e óvd
ev Kgx©e„›` ejv nq| Zviv
cwiPvj‡Ki/e¨e¯’vc‡Ki cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿ
wbqš¿Yvaxb _vwKqv ¯^ ¯^ KZ©e¨ cvjb K‡i
Ges Zvnv‡`i cwikÖ‡gi Rb¨ Zviv gvwmK
gvwnbv I Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweav cvq|
Awd‡mi Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i
Kgx©e„›`‡K `yB †kÖwY‡Z wef³ Kiv hvq :
01| cÖkvmwbK
Kgx©e„›` (Administrative employees) Ges
02| wbZ¨ K‡g©i Kgx©e„›` (Routine work
employees)

cÖkvmwbK Kgx©e„›` :
GB †kÖwYi Kg©Pvix Awd‡mi m‡e©v”P bxwZi
cÖ‡qvM n‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i GwUi LyuwUbvwU

48
 e¨cv‡ii e¨e¯’vcbv m¤úwK©Z mgy`q Kvh©
cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| Zviv Awd‡mi wewfbœ
wefv‡Mi fvicÖvß _v‡K| Kg©Pvixiv wbR wbR
wefv‡Mi Kv‡h©i Rb¨ m‡e©v”P KZ…©c‡ÿi
wbKU `vqx _v‡K| wbgœ GB †kÖwYi K‡qK
cÖKv‡ii wbe©vnx Ges Kgx©i eY©bv †`Iqv
n‡jv :
K. †Rbv‡ij g¨v‡bRvi ev cwiPvjK (General Manager
or Director) †Rbv‡ij g¨v‡bRvi/cwiPvjK
Kvievi/cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjbvi m‡e©v”P
KZ©v| Zvnv‡K †K›`ª K‡i Kvievi/cÖwZôv‡bi
AwdmKvh© cwiPvwjZ nBqv _v‡K| AvaywbK
Kvievi cÖwZôvb bvbv cÖKvi RwUjZvq
cwic~Y©| cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq mvdj¨ jvf
Ki‡Z nB‡j GB mKj RwUjZvi mgvavb Ki‡Z nq|
gnve¨e¯’vcK ev cwiPvjK GB mKj RwUj
mgm¨v mgvav‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb|
weivU e¨w³Z¡, Zxÿè †gavm¤úbœ,
mywkwÿZ wePÿY I AwfÁ e¨w³B
gnve¨e¯’vcK/cwiPvjK c‡` Avmxb nIqvi
Dchy³|
L. †m‡µUvix ev mwPe : †Kvb e„nr cÖwZôvb
ev GK gvwjKvbv I Askx`vix Kviev‡ii hveZxq
†Mvcbxq I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvh© K‡i _v‡K
mwPe| †hŠ_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii ev †Kvb
K‡c©v‡ikb, mgevq cÖwZôvb ev ms¯’vi
†m‡µUvix wewfbœ wel‡q WvB‡iKUim
†ev‡W©i mvnvh¨Kvixiƒ‡c KvR K‡i| wZwb
wewfbœ wel‡q WvB‡iKUim †ev‡W©i `„wó
AvKl©Y K‡ib Ges WvB‡KUim †ev‡W©i
wm×všÍMywj Kv‡h© cwiYZ Kivi h‡_vwPZ
e¨e¯’v Aej¤^b K‡ib| e¨w³Z¡kvjx, mywkwÿZ I

49
 `xN© AwfÁZvm¤úbœ e¨w³B †m‡µUvix c‡`
wbhy³ nb|
M. wefvMxq Kg©a¨ÿ (Department Manager) :
AvaywbK e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ
wefvM _v‡K Ges cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡Mi fvicÖvß
GKRb D”Pc`¯’ Kg©Pvix _v‡K| Zvnv‡K
wefvMxq g¨v‡bRvi/cwiPvjK e‡j| wZwb ¯^ ¯^
wefv‡Mi Kgx©w`M‡K cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb
Ges ¯^xq wefv‡Mi K‡g©i Rb¨ †Rbv‡ij
g¨v‡bRvi ev gnvcwiPvj‡Ki wbKU `vqx
_v‡Kb|
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †Kvb Awd‡mi hveZxq Kvh©vejx
myôzfv‡e wbqggvwdK m¤úv`b I Awd‡mi
Kv‡Ri `ÿZv I jÿ¨ AR©b Awd‡m mnKvwi
mnvqZv K‡i| GB wel‡q Awdm-iæwUb
Aa¨v‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBqv‡Q|
01| cÖavb mnKvix (Head Assistant) : cÖ‡Z¨K
wefv‡Mi wbZ¨K‡g©i Kg©Pvix‡`i kx‡l©
_v‡Kb mnKvix cÖavb KiwYK| wZwb
wefvMxq g¨v‡bRvi ev Awdm Kg©va¨‡ÿi
mnKvix wnmv‡e Aa:¯Íb Kg©Pvix‡`i Kvh©
wbqš¿Y K‡ib| Aa:¯Íb Kg©Pvix‡`i g‡a¨
Kvh©eÈb Ges Zvi myôz m¤úv`b cÖavb
mnKvixi A‡bKLvwb `vwqZ¡ _v‡K|
02| mvuUwjwcKvi (Stenographer) : D”Pc‡`i Awdm
Kg©KZ©vi Aax‡b GKRb mvuUwjwcKvi Zvi
e¨w³MZ mwP‡ei b¨vq KvR K‡ib| myZivs Zvi
`vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ Awdm mwPe ev GKvšÍ
mwP‡ei b¨vq|
mvuUwjwcKv‡ii KvR : K. ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÎ,
wi‡cvU©, weeiYx BZ¨vw` Zvi ÒemÓ Gi
wbKU n‡Z mvuUwjwci gva¨‡g kÖæZwjwc

50
 MÖnY K‡i Wv‡K †cÖiY‡hvM¨ Kwc cÖ¯ÍyZ
K‡ib|
L. mgq mgq wZwb wb‡RI Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
†QvULvU wPiKzU wj‡Lb|
M. wZwb †Mvcbxq Kv‡R e¨e¯’vcK ev
cwiPvjK‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib|
N. UvBwcó I wbgœgvb mnKvix‡`i Kv‡Ri
Z`viKx K‡ib|
†hvM¨Zv : wPwVcÎ, wnmve, e¨vswKs,
mvuUwjwc I gy`ªvÿ‡i fvj MwZ Acwinvh©|
my`k©b †Pnviv I gvwR©Z e¨envi AwZwi³
†hvM¨Zv|
03| K¨vwkqvi (Cashier) : K¨vwkqvi bM` I e¨v‡¼
UvKv cqmv msµvšÍ, hveZxq †jb‡`b Kv‡h©i
mwnZ RwoZ _v‡Kb| m”PwiÎ, m¤£všÍ,
`vwqZ¡kxj, axi-w¯’i I mZK© e¨w³B GB c‡`i
Dchy³| wnmve ivwLevi Ávb K¨vwkqv‡ii _vKv
Avek¨K|
‡hvM¨Zv : e¨vsK msµvšÍ †jb‡`b, e¨vsK
wnmve cwiPvjbv I UvKv cqmv msMÖn,
cÖvwß, cwi‡kv‡ai wbqg c×wZ‡Z mg¨K
Áv‡bi AwaKvix nIqv Acwinvh©|
K¨vwkqv‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ :
1. bM` UvKv-cqmv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi wnmve
iv‡L|
2. K¨vk wefv‡Mi †jb‡`b Kvh© cwiPvjbv K‡i|
3. Li‡Pi fvDPvi msiÿY K‡i|
4. e¨vsK †jb‡`b K‡i| h_v- †PK Rgv †`Iqv, †PK
fv½v‡bv I †P‡Ki n¯ÍvšÍi ev Aby‡gv`b, †PK
cwi‡kva I eÜKiY BZ¨vw`|
5. †QvU-LvU LiPcÎ cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbgZ †cwU K¨vwkqv‡ii

51
 `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i Ges bM` cÖvwßi iwm`
cÖ`vb K‡i|
6. K¨vk ey‡Ki †Ri wgjvBqv iv‡L|
7. †eZ‡bi wej, ÷vB‡cI
wej I ågY wej BZ¨vw` cwi‡kva K‡i|8.
cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a †jb‡`b msµvšÍ Z_¨ mieivn
K‡i|
9. cÖ‡qvRbgZ †nW K¨vwkqv‡ii KvR Kiv
A_©vr K¨vk wefv‡Mi mK‡ji Kvh© †`Lv-
†kvbv K‡i|
10. fvDPvi I wej BZ¨vw`i
Awdm Kwc bw_fz³ K‡i|
K. gy`ªvÿwiK (Typist) : Awd‡mi AMwYZ wPwVcÎ,
¯§viKwjwc, weeiYx, ZvwjKv, weÁwß BZ¨vw`
`ªæZ cÖ¯ÍyZ ev m¤úv`b gy`ªvÿi h‡š¿i
mvnv‡h¨ AwZ Aí mg‡q Kiv m¤¢e|
gy`ªvÿwiK GB KvR K‡i _v‡Kb| AwaKšÍywZwb
Wªvd‡Ui Abywjwc e¨ZxZ mg‡q mg‡q
†óbwmjI KvwUqv _v‡Kb| ÿz`ª Awdm e¨e¯’vq
Zvnv‡K AviI K‡qK cÖKvi KvR Ki‡Z nq hv
Acivci mnKvix K‡i _v‡Kb| ZLb GB c`‡K
mnKvix ebvg gy`ªvÿwiK ejv nq| †QvU
Awd‡m c„_Kfv‡e gy`ªvÿwiK wb‡qvM Kiv
e¨q- mv‡cÿ ewjqv Gi“c Kiv nBqv _v‡K|
L. K‡imc‡ÛÝ K¬vK© : KZ…©c‡ÿi wb‡`©k
Abyhvqx e¨emv cÖwZôvb msµvšÍ wPwVcÎ
†jLv, Zrm¤ú‡K© e¨e¯’v Aej¤^b Kiv,
K‡imc‡ÛÝ K¬vK© ev wPwVcÎ †jLvi †KivYxi
KvR|
M. †jRvi K¬vK© (Ledger Clerk) : †W-eyK
K¬vK© eo eo cÖwZôv‡bi ˆ`bw›`b µq weµq

52
 I Avq e¨q msµvšÍ wnmve LwZqv‡b
wbqgvbymv‡i wjwce× Kiv Zvunv‡`i KvR|
N. Af¨_©K (Receptionist) : Af¨_©bv Awd‡mi
GKwU wbZ¨Kg©| cÖwZôv‡bi cÖK…wZ I
AvqZb mv‡c‡ÿ Af¨_©bv Kv‡Ri we‡kl
cÖ‡qvRb| Af¨_©K AvMšÍyKw`M‡K mv`i
Af¨_©bv Rvbvb| cÖwZôvb ev Awd‡mi
wewfbœ Z_¨vejx m¤^‡Ü ewnivMZ e¨w³MY
Rvb‡Z Pv‡nb ev cwi`k©b Ki‡Z Av‡mb| GB
me AvMšÍyK e¨w³e„›`‡K h‡_vchy³ Af¨_©bv
Ávcb, mwVKZ_¨ cwi‡ekb I wewea wel‡q Z_¨
mieivnI civgk© `vb Kiv Af¨_©K‡`i cÖavb
`vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨| Zv‡K Awd‡mi mKj wel‡qi
Dci mwVK aviYv Ges mnKgx©e„‡›`i
cwiwPwZ ivL‡Z nq, hv‡Z AbymÜvbKvix‡K
AwZms‡ÿ‡c m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e Reve cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z mÿg nq| Af¨_©bvKvix‡K Aek¨B GKRb
my`k©b, m`vjvcx, bgª-webqx, Ávbx I
wgófvlx n‡Z n‡e| cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg I
DbœwZK‡í Zvi f‚wgKv h‡_ó| A‡bK mgq Zv‡K
weÁvcb, K¨vUvjM, †bvwUk ev ey‡jwUb
BZ¨vw` wewj Ki‡Z nq| Af¨_©bvKÿ‡K
mymw¾Z, g‡bvig I cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLv
Zvi `vwqZ¡| GB wel‡q Af¨_©bv Aa¨v‡q AviI
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q|

Awd‡mi Kvh© cwigvc ej‡Z wK eySvq :

cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Kvievix RM‡Z cÖwZwU
cÖwZôv‡bi Awd‡mi KZ©e¨ nBj Kvh© cwigv‡ci
gva¨‡g LiP wbqš¿Y I Drcv`b ev †mevi cwigvY
evov‡bvi cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv| Kvh© cwigvc Awd‡mi
LiP wbqš¿‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ| wbDbvi Ges wKwjs

53
cÖL¨vZ †jLKØq Zvnv‡`i Administrative Office
Management- eB‡q Kvh© cwigv‡ci msÁvwU Gi“c
w`‡q‡QbÑKvh© cwigvc nBj Kvh© wK cwigvY
m¤úbœ nBqv‡Q Ges KZ djcÖm~fv‡e m¤úbœ
nBqv‡Q Zvnv wba©vi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨q wbqš¿‡Yi
GKwU Dcvq| Kvh© cwigvc mvaviYZ : wK cwigvY
Ki‡Z wK cwigvY mgq e¨q nBqv‡Q (cwigvYMZ
cwigvc) Ges KZUzKz wbfz©jfv‡e m¤úv`b Kiv
nBqv‡Q (MyYMZ cwigvc) GB `yBwU welq
AšÍfz©³ K‡i| A_©vr mnRfv‡e ejv hvqÑ
Kvh©cwigvc nBj Ggb GKwU c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g
Awd‡mi Kvh© h_vh_fv‡e m¤úvw`Z n‡Z‡Q wK-
bv, me©wbgœ e¨‡q Drcv`b I †mev Kvh©
Pwj‡Z‡Q wK-bv, Kvw•LZ gv‡bi Drcv`b I †mev
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡Z‡Q wK-bv †mB m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf
Kiv hvq|

evwn¨K `„wó‡Z Awd‡m LiP‡K GKwU

Abyrcv`bkxj e¨q ewjqv g‡b nB‡jI ev¯Í‡e GwU
mZ¨ b‡n| cÖwZôvb ev msMV‡bi Kvh©vejx
cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK myôz I mvejxj MwZ‡Z
m¤úv`b Kivi wbwgË Awdm‡K wewfbœ Kvh©
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z †ek cwigvY cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿ A_© e¨q
Ki‡Z nq| GB A‡_©i cwigvY Ab_©K †ewk nB‡j
cÖwZôvb ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq| hv‡Z cÖwZôvb Dnvi
wewb‡qvMK…Z A‡_©i me©vwaK dj jvf Ki‡Z
cv‡i †mB `„wó‡Z e¨e¯’vcK‡K GwU wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨
wewfbœ Kg©m~Px ev c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv Avek¨K|

Awdm LiP KgvBevi Ges wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ Awdm

e¨e¯’vcK‡K Dchy³ c×wZ AbymiY ev c`‡ÿc MÖnY
Ki‡Z nq|

54
wb‡gœ Awdm LiP wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨
MyiæZ¡c~Y© c`‡ÿc I †KŠkjmg~n D‡jøLc~e©K
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBj :
1. msMVb I c×wZ, 2. ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y, 3.
myôz ZË¡veavb, 4. Awdm iæwUb e¨envi, 5.
g‡bvnvix mvgMÖx e¨env‡i iÿYkxjZv, 6. e¨q
we‡kølY, 7. Awdm Kvh©vejx wbixÿY, 8.
Kvh© M‡elYv I Kvh© mnRxKiY|

wb‡gœ Dc‡iv³ c×wZ ev c`‡ÿc m¤ú‡K©

Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBj :
1. msMVb I c×wZ : GwU GKwU enyj cÖPwjZ
RbwcÖq c`‡ÿc| DbœZ †`kMywj‡Z msMVb I
c×wZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ
jvf K‡i‡Q| GwU‡K ms‡ÿ‡c Bs‡iwR‡Z O & M
ejv nq| O & M nBj K‡qKRb e¨w³i GKwU `j
hviv e¨e¯’vcK‡K msMV‡bi `ÿZv K‡í Dc‡`k
cÖ`vb K‡i| GwUi †mev n‡Z‡Q Dc‡`k Ges
D‡Ïk¨ n‡Z‡Q DËg c×wZ| iæwUb e¨e¯’v
BZ¨vw` Dbœqb Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvM I
ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ mycvwik Kiv, hv‡Z msMV‡bi
`ÿZv e„w× cvq|
GwUi myweav :
K. Kv‡h©i Ges mg‡qi AcPq †iva K‡i|
L. Kvh© aviv Ges MwZ‡Z `ªæZZv Avbqb
K‡i|
M. GwU Kv‡h©i gvb DbœZ K‡i|
N. GwU djvd‡j mwVKZv AR©‡b mnvqZv
K‡i|
O. Kgx©‡`i g‡a¨ e¨q ms‡KvPb g‡bvfv‡ei
¯^Z:ù‚Z© RvMiY AvbqbB GwUi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨
P. Awdm †mev DbœZ K‡i|

55
 Q. GwU ˆeÁvwbK `„wófw½ n‡Z mgm¨v
we‡kølY Ges mgvavb K‡i|
2. ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y : Awdm e¨q wbqš¿‡Yi
GKwU MyiæZ¡c~Y© †KŠkj n‡Z‡Q ev‡RUxq
wbqš¿Y| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ Awd‡mi
wewfbœ Kvh©vejxm¤úv`‡bi m¤¢ve¨ e¨‡qi
c~‡e© cwiKíbv‡K Awdm ev‡RU ejv nq|
wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i ev‡RU
cÖYqb Kiv nq| Acic‡ÿ ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y
n‡Z‡Q cÖK…Z djvd‡ji mwnZ c~e© cwiKíbv
Zzjbv Kiv Ges hw` †Kvb cv_©K¨ _v‡K Z‡e
Dnvi KviY we‡kølY K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc
MÖnY Kiv|
3. myôz ZË¡veavb : Awdm Kgx©‡`i `ÿZvi
mwnZ ZË¡ve`vb Kiv nB‡j Kkx©iv Awd‡mi
e¨q wbqš¿‡Yi e¨vcvi m‡PZb nq| myôz
ZË¡veav‡bi gva¨‡g Awdm k„•Ljv eRvq
ivwL‡j, Kgx©‡`i Drmvn w`‡q Awd‡mi e¨q
wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ¯ÍyZ Kwi‡j
Ges mwVK Dcv‡q Kvh©m¤úv`‡b m¤^Üxq
Z_¨vejx Kgx©‡`i Rvbv‡bv nB‡j Awd‡mi e¨q
wbqš¿‡Yi c‡ÿ mnvqK nq|
4. Awdm iæwUb : Awdm Kg©Pvix‡`i Awdm
AvMgb I Mg‡bi mgq, Kv‡h©i`vwqZ¡ eÈb I
cvjv wba©viY m¤ú‡K© wbZ¨‰bwgwËK
cvjbxq Kvh©m~Px‡K Awdm iæwUb ejv nq|
†h Kgx©‡K †h `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv nBqv‡Q Zvi
†mB `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv DwPZ| avivevwnK
Awdm Kv‡h©i Rb¨Kvh© cvjvI c~e©
wbw`©ó _vK‡Z n‡e| evi evi wb‡`©‡ki
A‡cÿvq bv _vwKqv iæwUb gvwdK KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡i ewjqv mgq I A_© Df‡qiB mÂq nq|

56
 myZivs Awd‡mi e¨q wbqš¿‡Y iæwUb e¨envi
Kiv DwPZ|
5. g‡bvnvix mvgMÖx e¨env‡i iÿYkxjZv :
g‡bvnvix mvgMÖxi cÖwZwU GKK wnmv‡e
Kg g~‡j¨i nB‡jI GwU‡`i evwl©K e¨envi GK‡Î
Lye †gvUv A‡¼i nBqv _v‡K| GgZve¯’vq GwU
Awdm Li‡Pi GKwU D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨ Dcv`vb
nBqv _v‡K| DcišÍy GB †ÿ‡Î AcPqI †ewk nBevi
m¤¢vebv iwnqv‡Q| myZivs g‡bvnvix
BZ¨vw`i e¨env‡i wgZe¨wqZv Ges AcPq
†iv‡a h_v_© e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
D`vniY¯^iƒc KvM‡Ri Dfq c„ôvi e¨envi,
wewfbœ Kv‡h©i cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i KvMR
e¨envi, wgZe¨wqZvi Rb¨ wewfbœ gv‡ci
KvMR e¨envi, wewfbœ gv‡ci Lv‡gi e¨envi,
Awdm di‡gi gvb wba©viY BZ¨vw`i cÖwZ
g‡bv‡hvMx nB‡j g‡bvnvix `ªe¨vw`i e¨envi
wbqš¿Y I AcPq †iv‡a †ek Kvh©Ki dj †`Lv
hvq|
6. Awdm Kvh©vejx wbixÿv : Awdm Kvh©vejx
cixÿv c×wZ mv¤úªwZKKv‡j Av‡gwiKv I
DbœZ we‡k^ cÖPwjZ nBqv‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k
GLbI eo eo cÖwZôvbMywj‡Z GB c×wZi
cÖPjb ïiæ nq bvB| Awdm Kvh©vejx wbixÿv
ej‡Z Kvh©vejx ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv‡K eySvq|
A_©vr Awd‡mi hveZxq Kvh© h_vÑ Awdm
dig, Awdm g¨vbyqvj, Kvh© m¤úv`b c×wZ,
†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, Awdm web¨vm,
ZË¡veavb BZ¨vw` Kvh© wKfv‡e cwiKíbv Kiv
nBqv‡Q Ges Dnv KZUzKz cvjb Kiv nBqv‡QÑ
GwUi AbymÜvb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡Z‡Q
Awdm wbixÿvi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨|

57
7. e¨q we‡kølY : c×wZ we‡kølY QvovI Awd‡mi
wewfbœ cÖKvi e¨qI we‡kølY Kiv DwPZ|
Awdm KZ…©K µZx wewfbœ mvgMÖx I
†mevi Lei m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vejx wbqwgZ
e¨e¯’vcbv KZ…©c‡ÿi †MvP‡i Avbqb Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| wewfbœ wefv‡Mi Li‡Pi g‡a¨ Lye
†ewk ZviZg¨ cwijwÿZ nB‡j Zvnv we‡klfv‡e
we‡kølY K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z
n‡e| wewfbœ wk‡ivbv‡g Awd‡mi LiPMywj‡K
fvM K‡i (h_v g‡bvnvix mvgMÖx, hš¿cvwZ
web¨vm, Kgx© BZ¨vw`) Zvnv h‡Zœi mwnZ
we‡kølY Kiv DwPZ|
8. Kvh© M‡elYv I Kvh© mnRxKiY : Av‡gwiKvq
msMVb I c×wZ wefvM Pvjy Kivi cwie‡Z©
Kvh© M‡elYv I Kvh© mnRxKiY †KŠkjwU
MÖnY Kiv nq| GwU cÖavbZ : KvM‡Ri KvR
mnRxKi‡Yi Rb¨ `yBwU c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i :
K. KvM‡Ri KvR m¤úv`‡b AcÖPwjZ Ges
AcÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh© c×wZ cwinvi Ges
L. KvMRcÎ bvovPvo I e¨env‡ii wej¤^ Ges
evav n«vm Kiv| KvM‡Ri KvR mnRxKi‡Yi
D‡Ïk¨ n‡Z‡Q e¨q n«vm I wej¤^ `~i Kiv|
myZivs Awdm e¨q wbqš¿‡Y GB c×wZ
MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

†Uwj‡dvb wK I GwUi MyiyZ¡ :

AvRKvj cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨K kn‡iB †Uwj‡dvb e¨e¯’v
Pvjy iwnqv‡Q Ges cÖ‡Z¨K Awd‡mB
†Uwj‡dvb e¨envi Acwinvh© nBqv cwoqv‡Q|
Zvi gvidZ GK¯’vb n‡Z `~ieZx© Ab¨¯’v‡bi
mwnZ `ªæZ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb I K‡_vcK_‡bi
Rb¨ †Uwj‡dvb GKwU AZxe ¸iyZ¡c~Y©

58
 gva¨g| GwUi gva¨‡g `~i‡K A‡bK wbK‡U
Avbqb Kiv nBqv‡Q|
MyiyZ¡ : wjwLZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vq eny
ixwZbxwZi AbymiY Kiv hvq, wKšÍy
†Uwj‡dvb †hvMv‡hvM GKwU †gŠwLK
cÖwµqv weavq †mBiƒc ixwZbxwZ AbymiY
Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| m¤¢eZ : †mB Kvi‡YB
wjwLZ cÖwµqvi PvB‡Z †gŠwLK K‡_vcK_‡bi
cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ A‡bK fzj åvwšÍ I A‡MvQv‡jv
fve e¨³ nq| myZivs GwU‡Z KwZcq evPbfw½i
†KŠkj I mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq, hv‡Z e³vi
e¨w³Z¡ I cÖwZôv‡bi †Kvb ¯^v_© ev mybvg
bó bv nq|
`~iv‡jvcbxq mvnv‡h¨ djcÖm~ K‡_vcK_‡bi
Rb¨ `~iv‡jvcbxq wewfbœ Kjv †KŠkj,
†mŠRb¨g~jK AvPiY I wbqgvejx m¤ú‡K©
fv‡jv Ávb _vKv Avek¨K| KviY e³v‡K Rvb‡Z
n‡e wKfv‡e Dchy³ evK¨wU cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
American Telephone and Telegraph Company, `The Voice
with a Smile' bvgK MÖ‡š’ †Uwj‡dvb
†hvMv‡hvM Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ
†mŠRb¨g~jK welqMywj AšÍfz©³ Kiv
nBqv‡Q :
01| ejvi Av‡M Avcbvi wPšÍvaviv‡K mymse× K‡i
wb‡jb|
02| e³e¨wU mnR A_©‡evaK kã w`‡q c~‡e©B
w¯’i K‡i ivwL‡eb|
03| †MvUv e³e¨ cy‡ivfv‡e cÖKvk fw½‡Z ˆZwi
Kwi‡eb|
04| Avcbvi aviYv‡K mn‡R eywSevi Rb¨
mswÿßfv‡e ˆZwi Kwi‡eb|
05| fvlvi AjsKvi ev` w`‡eb|

59
06| A‡b¨i ejvi mgq evuav w`‡q Avcbvi e³e¨
ivwLevi †Póv Kwi‡eb bv|
07| evi evi Ôn¨v‡jvÕ m‡¤^vab Kwi‡eb bv|
08| †Uwj‡dvb WvB‡i±ix †`wLqv mwVK b¤^‡i
Wvqvj Kwi‡eb, hv‡Z mgq I A‡_©i AcPq bv
nq| Zvnv bv nB‡j Avcwb j¾vI cvB‡Z cv‡ib|
09| fzj b¤^‡i ms‡hv‡Mi m‡½ m‡½ ÿgv Pvwnqv
wb‡eb| b¤^‡i fzj Wvqvj nB‡j ejv DwPZ,
`ytwLZ b¤^‡i fzj K‡iwQ|
10| Kj awiqv cÖ_‡gB Avcbvi wbR I cÖwZôv‡bi
cwiPq RvbvB‡eb|
11| mvaviY ¯^‡i K_v ewj‡eb| KK©k, †µvavÜ,
D”P A_ev ÿxY¯^i eR©b Kwi‡eb, Ges Kɯ^‡i
f`ªZv eRvq ivwL‡eb|
12| gyL n‡Z `yB Bw `~‡i ÔgvD_-wcmÕ
ivwL‡eb| Pov Mjvq K_v bv ejvB DËg|
13| cÖ_‡gB hvi mwnZ K_v ej‡Z‡Qb Zvi cwiPq
wb‡eb Ges Av‡MB Awfev`b Kwi‡eb|
14| AwZ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mwnZ K‡_vcK_b Kwi‡eb,
Ah_v nu¨v ev n¨v‡jv, Av”Qv, ny BZ¨vw`
ewjqv †kÖvZvi weiw³i fvM RvMvB‡eb bv|
15| ewnivMZ †Kvb K‡j Ab¨ KvDI‡K WvwK‡j
wZwb hw` Dcw¯’Z bv _v‡Kb Zvn‡j Avcwb
AwZ eyw×gËv I †KŠk‡j Gi“c ewj‡eb, Avcwb
Rbve gwnDwÏb mv‡ne‡K WvwKqv‡Qb
ewjqv Zvnv‡K RvbvBe, ev wZwb Awd‡m
wdwiqv Avwm‡j Avwg wK Zv‡K Avcwb
WvwKqv‡Qb ewjqv RvbvBe? A_ev, Avgvi
mv‡_ ejyb m¤¢eZ : Avwg Avcbv‡K wKQz
msev` ev mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvwie BZ¨vw`|
AvnŸvbKvix †hb ey‡Sb, Avcwb mZ¨ mZ¨B
Zvnv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z Drmvnx|

60
16| †Uwj‡dvb Avjv‡c A‡bK mgq K‡_vcK_b ¯úó
nq bv| GBme e¨vcv‡i †h mKj kã
aŸwbMZfv‡e Kov †mBMywj Lye mZK©Zvi
mwnZ eR©b Kwi‡eb|
17| e³e¨ †k‡l Ôab¨ev`Õ BZ¨vw` Awfev`b
RvbvB‡eb|
18| AvnŸvbKvixi KÚ¯^i hw` cÖ_‡g wPwb‡Z cviv
hvq Z‡e kyiy‡ZB AšÍi½ my‡i K_v ewj‡eb|
19| Avjvcbx‡Z msev` Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ KvMR
Kjg Kv‡Q ivwL‡eb|
20| mswÿßfv‡e Avjvc K‡i Ab¨‡KI Avjv‡ci
my‡hvM w`‡eb|

Af¨_©bv wK Ges Af¨_©K †K :

Af¨_©bv A_© Av`i K‡i MÖnY Kiv| A_©vr
Awfev`b I mv`i m¤¢vlY Rvbv‡bv| GB KvR Awdm
wbZ¨K‡g©i AvIZvfz³| MYms‡hv‡Mi GB
Kg©m~Px‡K cvjb Kivi bR¨ GKRb Kgx©
wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K| Zvi KvR‡K Af¨_©bv Ges
Zvnv‡K Af¨_©K ev Af¨_©bvKvix e‡j| Zvi KvR
nB‡j cÖwZôv‡bi cÿ n‡Z AvMZ AwZw_, MÖvnK,
AbyMÖvnK, mieivnKvix, mvÿvr cÖv_x© I
`k©bv_x©‡`i‡K wbqwgZ I ixwZbxwZ Abymv‡i
g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mwnZ Awfev`b I mv`i m¤¢vlY Ávcb
Ges cÖvw_©Z Z_¨ cwi‡ekb Kiv| GB ch©v‡q
D‡jøwLZ e¨w³e‡M©i cÖwZ Af¨_©‡Ki g‡bvfve
cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg I DbœwZ K‡í AZxe
MyiæZ¡c~Y©|

Af¨_©bvi MyiyZ¡ :
†Kvb cÖwZôvb m¤^‡Ü GKRb AvMšÍyK ev
AwZw_i cÖ_g aviYv jvf Kiv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i

61
Af¨_©bv Awdm †h ixwZbxwZ AvPvi e¨envi I
†mŠRb¨Zvi gva¨‡g Zv‡K MÖnY K‡i| g‡bvig,
mymw¾Z I cwiKwíZ AwdmI AvMšÍy‡Ki wPˇK
cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †mB `„wó‡Z Af¨_©bvKvix‡K
e¨w³MZ MyYvejx, e¨emvwqK wkóvPvi I †KŠkjZvi
AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e, hvi e‡`ŠjZ mvÿvr cÖv_©x ev
AvnŸvqK‡K wbcyYZvi mwnZ cÖxwZc~Y©
Awfev`b I mv`i m‡¤¢vlY Ávcb Ki‡Z mg_© nq|
†h‡nZz Af¨_©bv †Kvb mvÿvrcÖv_x©i mwnZ
cÖ_g †hvMv‡hvM ev cwiP‡qi gva¨‡g, †mB
cÖqv‡m AvnŸvqK `k©bv_x©i g‡b mwVK Qvc
m„wó Kivi Rb¨ Af¨_©bvKvixi my`k©b †Pnviv I
wkôvPvi AZ¨šÍ MyiyZ¡c~Y©|

†Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi MY-ms‡hvM Kvh©avivi Dbœqb

I mybvgiÿv Kivi `vwqZ¡ cÖwZôv‡bi mKj
Kg©PvixiB, ZeyI ev¯Í‡e Af¨_©bvKvix GB f‚wgKv
I `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi my‡hvM †ewk fvM K‡i| GB
ch©v‡q Af¨_©bvKvixi cÖavb jÿ¨ n‡e
mvÿvrcÖv_x©i cÖ_g aviYv †hb cÖwZôv‡bi
AbyK‚‡j m„wó nq| hZ`~i m¤¢e, mn‡R I
ZvovZvwo KvR mgvav Kivi Rb¨ mvÿvr cÖv_x©
†hgb D`MÖxe _v‡K, Z`ªæc e¨e¯’vcbvi `„wóI
†mB w`‡K wbeÜ _v‡K †hb mvaviY wbqg gvwdK
Kv‡R †Kv‡bviƒc e¨vNvZ bv NUvBqv avivevwnK
Kv‡Ri b¨vq mvÿvr cÖv_x©i KvR‡K Kvj wej¤^ bv
K‡i mgvav K‡i †`Iqv| Gi“c cÖwZwôZ I cÖPwjZ
Kg©aviv e¨e¯’vcbv I MÖvnK Dfq‡KB myweav
cÖ`vb K‡i|
cÖwZôv‡bi AvKvi I aib Abyhvqx Af¨_©bvKvixi
KZ©‡e¨i AvIZv wbf©i K‡i| ÿz`ªvqZb e¨emv
cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨_©bvi KvR GKvšÍ mwPe ev †Kvb

62
GKRb Awdm mnKvix cvjb K‡i| wKšÍy e„n`vqZb
cÖwZôv‡b GB KvR eû Af¨_©K Øviv m¤úvw`Z
nq| †hgbÑwewfbœ wefvM weµq I cÖ`k©bx
†K‡›`ªi Rb¨ c„_K c„_K Af¨_©K wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K|
Dckvjv ev jwe‡Z (Lobby) ‡h Af¨_©K KvR Kwi‡e
Zvi cÖavb KvR nBj `k©bv_x©‡K wewfbœ kvLv,
Zjv I wefv‡Mi w`K-`k©b †`Iqv I †Uwj‡dv‡bi
gvidZ mswkøó wefv‡Mi GKvšÍ mwPe ev
†ó‡bvMÖvdvi‡K AvMšÍyK Gi AvMgbevZ©v
AewnZ Kiv Ges AvMšÍy‡Ki mv‡_ mv‡_ hvIqv I
Zv‡K mvnvh¨ mnvqZv `v‡bi Rb¨ evZ©vevnK
(Messenger) ‡K wb‡`©k †`Iqv|

Af¨_©‡Ki e¨w³MZ MyYvejx, AvPiY I e¨envi :

01| cÖwZôv‡bi hveZxq Kvh©aviv, cY¨ mvgMÖx
I †mevg~jK Kv‡Ri mg¨K aviYv I Ávb,
msMVb, bKkv Kg©va¨‡ÿi f‚wgKv I Ab¨vb¨
mKj Kg©Pvixi mwVK cwiwPwZ I Kvh©Kjvc
BZ¨vw` m¤^‡Ü Af¨_©bvKvix‡K e¨vcK Ávb I
AwaK eyw×kw³m¤úbœ nIqv Avek¨K|
02| f`ª I gvwR©Z cwi®‹vi Kɯ^i Ges AšÍi½
e¨envi Øviv †h †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv
Kivi `ÿZv _vK‡Z n‡e| Zvnv‡K Aek¨B GKRb
my`k©b, m`vwjwc, bgª, Ávbx I wgófvlx n‡Z
n‡e|
03| ˆah©, mnvbyf‚wZ I åvZ…‡Z¡i Øviv †h †Kvb
AcÖxwZKi cwiw¯’wZ‡K GovBevi e¨w³Z¡ I
ÿgZvi AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e|
04| wbR‡K MyiyZ¡c~Y© e¨w³ e‡j cÖgv‡Yi †Póv
n‡Z wei³ _vK‡Z n‡e|

63
05| mykÖx I gvwR©Z gyLkÖx Ges
myiæwPm¤úbœ †cvlvK cwiavb Af¨_©‡Ki
Ab¨Zg MyY|
06| meKv‡R wQgQvg _vKv Avek¨K|
07| cwi®‹vi †cvlvK cov, bL cwi®‹vi I Lv‡Uv
ivLv|
08| Pzj myweb¨¯Í ivLv|
09| ax‡i ax‡i my›`i ¯úó K‡i K_v ejv hv‡Z AvMš‘K
g‡b K‡ib †h Zv‡K Af¨_©K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z
Drmvnx|
10| ‰ah© I Drmv‡ni mwnZ A‡b¨i e³e¨ kÖeY
Kivi Af¨vm _vKv Avek¨K| cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg
I DbœwZK‡í Zvi f‚wgKv h‡_ó|

ågY I mdim~Px :
Kg©KZ©v‡`i‡K Kvh©e¨vc‡`‡k ev e¨w³MZ
ZvwM‡` cÖvqB †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j md‡i †h‡Z
nq| myZivs GB D‡Ï‡k¨ Zvi GKwU ågYm~Pxi ev
c_ cÖ`k©K cy¯Í‡Ki (Guide) LyeB cÖ‡qvRb nq|

ågYm~Px †Kvb wbw`©ó md‡ii we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY|

Kg©KZ©vi e¨w³MZ mwPe ev mnKvix GwU
wbLyZfv‡e cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ `vqx _v‡Kb| ågYKv‡j
ågYKvix GwU‡K c_ cÖ`k©K (Guide) wnmve
e¨envi K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ hvÎvi c~‡e© mwVK w`b,
ZvwiL, mgqgZ Mgb, cÖZ¨veZ©b, Ae¯’vb,
wewfbœ hvbevn‡bi wUwKmn †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
c~e©-e‡›`ve¯Í wbwðZc~e© we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY
wjwce× K‡i ivL‡Z nq| AšÍZ:c‡ÿ GwUi PvwiwU
Kwc UvBc Ki‡Z nq| †h‡nZz GwUi GK Kwc
ågYKvix m‡½ _v‡K, GK Kwc EaŸ©Zb KZ…©c‡ÿi
Awd‡m AeMwZi Rb¨ †cÖiY Ki‡Z nq| Avi Aewkó

64
KwcwU Awd‡mi bw_‡Z ivL‡Z nq| GB mdim~Px
cÖYq‡bi cÖv°v‡j ågYKvix Avivg`vqK hvÎv,
`ªæZMvgx hvbevnb, ¯^í LiP, cwiwgZ wekÖvg,
†fvRb I ivwÎhvcb BZ¨vw`i cÖwZ jÿ¨ ivL‡Z nq|
mdi cÖ¯ÍywZ I mdi m~Px cÖYq‡bi c~‡e©
we‡eP¨ I jÿYxq welqmg~n :
01| hvÎvi c~‡e© MšÍe¨¯’v‡bi mwVK †ivW
gvbwPÎ I iæUcø¨vb cvIqvi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
02| jÿ¨ Ki‡Z n‡e GB hvÎvq mdiKvixi cvm‡cvU©,
wfmv I wUKvi mvwU©wd‡KU Gi cÖ‡qvRb
n‡e wKbv| hw` cÖ‡qvRb c‡o, Zvi h_vh_
e‡›`ve¯Í hvÎvi c~‡e©B mgvav K‡i †bIqv|
03| ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv ev Uª¨v‡jfvi †PK mv‡_ †bIqvi
cÖ‡qvRb co‡j ZviI mwVK e‡›`ve¯Í K‡i †bIqv|
04| mdi ïiy Kivi c~‡e©B åg‡bi wbw`©ó
hvbevn‡bi wUwKU msMÖn I Avmb msiÿ‡Yi
e¨e¯’v Kiv|
05| †h ¯’vb mdi Kwi‡eb Ges †h ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb
Kwi‡eb Zvi eZ©gvb AvenvIqv wKiƒc GB
†mB g‡Z †cvlvK cwi”Q` I Avbymw½K
wRwbmc‡Îi e‡›`ve¯Í Kiv|
06| hvÎvi c~‡e© †nv‡Uj msiÿY I Uª¨v‡fj G‡RwÝ
n‡Z hvbevn‡bi msiÿ‡Yi welq wbwðZ nIqv|
07| mdiKv‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq I hveZxq `wjj, KvMRcÎ I
bw_cÎ BZ¨vw` nvZe¨v‡M cy‡i nv‡Z Zz‡j
w`evi e¨e¯’v K‡i ivLv|
08| mdiKvix mdiKv‡j e¨fnvi Kwi‡e Gi“c `iKvix
g‡bvnvix mvgMÖx h_v-cÎ, wi‡cvU© wjwLevi
KvMR I Lvg BZ¨vw` c¨v‡K‡U cy‡i w`evi
e¨e¯’v K‡i ivLv|
09| jv‡M‡R, myU‡K‡m I e¨v‡Mi Mv‡q †j‡ej
AvwUevi e¨e¯’v Kiv| (†j‡e‡j mdiKvixi bvg I

65
 wUwKU b¤^i, MšÍe¨ I cÖ¯’vb †ók‡bi bvg
wjLv _vwK‡e|)
10| md‡ii w`b Uviwgbvj ev †ók‡b †cŠ‡Q w`evi
hvbevnb, †kl `k©b, Aewkó I mwVK wel‡q
Kg©KZ©v‡`i Av‡jvPbvi e¨e¯’v Kiv|

66
wb‡gœ GKwU mdim~Pxi bgybv †`Iqv nBj :
mdim~Px
Avn‡g` †UªwWs wjwg‡UW
Av`gRx †KvU©, gwZwSj, XvKv
wg. Avwgbyj Bmjvg
... c`ex, gnvcwiPvjK
22 †k Ryb, 1990

25 †k Ryb, 1990
†fvi 6-15 wgwbU : XvKv Z¨vM
Awd‡mi Kvi‡hv‡M wegvb e›`‡i Mgb|
wegvb evsjv‡`k GqvijvBÝ| wUwKU Avcbvi
wPwVi nvZ e¨v‡M _vwK‡e|

mKvj 7-25 wgwbU : PÆMÖvg wegvbe›`‡i

†cŠwQ‡e| A‡cÿviZ AvÂwjK
Kg©KZ©vi mwnZ Kvi‡hv‡M
†nv‡Uj AvMÖvev‡` †cŠwQqv
ky‡f”Qv wewbgq I ¯^íKvjxb
wekÖvg|

mKvj 9-30 wgwbU : AvÂwjK Awdm cwi`k©b

ïiæ|
`ycyi ev‡ivUvq : †nv‡U‡j †fvR MÖnY|
mܨv 7 Uvq : †nv‡U‡j wbR K‡ÿ AvÂwjK
Kg©KZ©v I c`¯’ Awdmvi‡`i mwnZ kvšÍ I N‡ivqv
cwi‡e‡k cÖwZôv‡bi myôz e¨e¯’vcbv cwiKíbv I
AvÂwjK mgm¨vejx wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ges nvjKv Pv
Pµ|

26 †k Ryb, 1990

67
†ejv `kUvq : kn‡ii Avgwš¿Z wewkó e¨emvqx I
wkícwZ‡`i mv‡_ ky‡f”Qv wewbgq I mvÿvr`vb|
e¨emv-evwYR¨ bxwZi e¨vL¨v`vb, Dfqc‡ÿi
¯^v_©iÿv Ges DbœwZK‡í Av‡jvPbv I mwVK
wm×všÍ †bIqv|

†ejv 11-20 wgwbU : Avgwš¿Z I m¤§vwbZ

AwZw_‡`i †mŠR‡b¨ mswÿß Pv Pµ|
¯’vb : †nv‡U‡j (iƒc Mv‡W©b G we‡kl
e¨e¯’vq)|
weKvj 3Uvq : bZzb kvLv Awdm cwi`k©b|
AvÂwjK Awdm hvbevn‡bi e¨e¯’v
Kwi‡e|
weKvj 5Uvq (†diZ hvÎv) : c~e©e„nr e¨e¯’vq
†diZ wUwKU nvZ e¨v‡M _vwK‡e| XvKv Awd‡mi
Kvi wegvb e›`‡i A‡cÿv Kwi‡e|

ÁvZe¨ : mdi †kl K‡i Kg©KZ©v †nW

†KvqvU©v‡i wdwiqv Avwmevi ci mdiKv‡j
Zv‡K hvunviv AvwZ‡_qZv K‡i‡Qb,
Zvnv‡`i‡K K…ZÁZv cÖKvk K‡i cÎ wjwL‡Z
nq|

bw_cÎ e¨e¯’vcbv :
msÁv : Awdm Kv‡h© e¨eüZ `wjjcÎ ˆZwiKiY,
msiÿY I AcÖ‡qvRbxq bw_cÎ bó K‡i w`evi
cÖwµqv bw_cÎ e¨e¯’vi A½xf‚Z| e¨emvq
cÖwZôvb, miKvix Awdm Ges mvgvwRK
cÖwZôvbmg~n Dnvi Kvh©vejxi myôz cwiPvjbv
I e¨e¯’vcbvq bw_c‡Îi Dci we‡klfv‡e wbf©ikxj| d‡j
bw_cÎ e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡ w`b w`b e„w×
cvB‡Z‡Q| D³ †cÖÿvc‡U †KiW© c‡Îi msiÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨

68
bxwZ wba©viY I djcÖm~ ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ¨
Kvh©Kwi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ges cÖ‡Póvi mvgMÖx‡K
Kvh©vejx‡K bw_cÎ e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j|

k„•Ljvi mwnZ msiÿY bv Kwi‡j fwel¨‡Z

cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a †Kvb KvMRcÎ Abvqv‡m cvIqv hvq
bv| Zvnv‡Z Kv‡h©i weNœ, Kviev‡i wecwË Ges
¯^v_©nvwb NwU‡Z cv‡i| myZivs GB mKj
wPwVcÎ h_vh_ k„•Ljvi mwnZ msiwÿi Ki‡Z nq,
†hb Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ LyuwRqv cvIqv hvq| †mBRb¨
mKj cÖwZôv‡bi Awd‡mB †Kvb bv †Kv bw_Ki‡Yi
e¨e¯’v _v‡K| myôz bw_Ki‡Yi e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv‡bi
mybvg e„w×i mnvqK| GB e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv‡bi
mgq I A_©‡K evuPvBqv Kv‡Ri D`¨g ea©‡b
mnvqZv K‡i| myZivs bw_Ki‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
Acwimxg| Aaybv e¨emv-evwYwR¨K, miKvwi I
mvgvwRK mKj cÖwZôvbmg~‡n bw_Ki‡Yi
¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv h‡_ó e„w× †c‡q‡Q| †Kbbv
AvaywbK Awdm e¨e¯’vcbvi `ÿZv I mybvg
A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i myôz I myk„•Ljv bw_cÎ
e¨e¯’vcbvi Dci|
Kg Li‡P I ¯^í mg‡q AwaK `ÿZvi mwnZ Awdm
Kvh©vejx wbe©vn Kivi Rb¨ AvRKvj e¨e¯’vcKMY
†ek Pv‡ci gy‡LvgyLx| ZvB ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ
Aej¤^‡b bw_KiY Acwinvh© weavq GwUi
¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|

AvaywbK bw_ msiÿY :

†`‡ki wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi Awdmmg~‡n bvbv
ai‡bi bw_ msiÿY c×wZ Pvjy iwnqv‡Q|
cÖwZôv‡bi aiY, AvKvi I ¸iæ‡Z¡i Dci bw_msiÿY

69
c×wZ wbf©i K‡i| wb‡gœ K‡qK cÖKv‡ii AvaywbK
bw_ msiÿY c×wZi Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBj :
†h‡Kvb Awdm ev cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwV
I KvMRcÎ I g~j¨evb `wjj `¯Ív‡eR‡K H cÖwZôv‡bi
cÖvY ejv hvq| †h‡nZz cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMRcÎ,
†iKW©m ev `wjj `¯Ív‡eR Qvov †Kvb Awdm
cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq bv| myZivs, H mKj bw_c·K
ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q mwVK I myôzfv‡e msiÿY Kiv
AZ¨vek¨K| KviY cÖ‡qvR‡bi gyn~‡Z© mn‡RB
†MvQv‡jv Ae¯’vq LyuwRqv cvIqvi Dci
cÖwZôv‡bi jvf- †jvKmvb, mybvg, `yY©vg Ges
A‡bK mgq Aw¯ÍZ¡ wbf©i K‡i|

cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i †Kvb Awd‡mi KvMRc·K

†gvUvgywU wnmv‡e wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
†hgbÑ A¯’vqx cÖ‡qvRb, ¯’vqx cÖ‡qvRb Ges
wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb| A¯’vqx ev
mvgwqKfv‡e cª‡qvRbxq KvMRc·K KvR mgvav
nIqvi ci bó K‡i †`Iqv Avek¨K| KviY-GwU Øviv G
me msiÿY eve` A_© m¤ú`, mgq I ¯’v‡bi
wgZvPvi Kiv hvq| cÿvšÍ‡i ¯’vqx cÖ‡qvRbxq
KvMRc·K gReyZfv‡e msiÿY Kiv AZ¨vek¨K| KviY
cÖwZôv‡bi †jb‡`b I wnmve wbKv‡ki KvMR I
g~j¨evb `wjjcÎ myôzfv‡e msiwÿZ bv nB‡j A‡bK
mgq H e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wejywßi m¤
¢vebv †`Lv †`q| D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨ †h miKvwi Awd‡mi
GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq bw_ bv cvIqv †M‡j GKRb
†jv‡Ki Rxeb giY mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|
AZGe, GwU GKev‡K¨ ejv hvq †h, †Kvb
cÖwZôvb, ms¯’v ev e¨w³MZ gvwjKvaxb Kviev‡ii
Kv‡Ri MwZ, k„•Ljv, myL¨vwZ, cÖmvi ev

70
`yY©vg Ges jvf †jvKmvb wbf©i K‡i H ms¯’vi
bw_cÎ msiÿY e¨e¯’vi Dci|

71
 m~PxKiY :
wPwV, `wjj I KvMRcÎvw`‡K bw_fz³ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h
gvbwmK cÖwµqvq wk‡ivbvg wbY©q K‡i Dnv‡`i
m~PxcÎ ˆZqvi Kiv nq Zvnv‡K m~PxKiY (Indexing)
ejv nq| A_©vr bw_e× KvMR-cÎ I `wjjcÎvw`
cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq hv‡Z Abvqv‡m I Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨
LyuwRqv evwni K‡i Kv‡R Avbqb Kiv hvq,
†mBRb¨ Dnv‡`i ZvwjKv cÖ¯ÍyZ Kiv nq| GB
ZvwjKv‡K m~Px (Index) Ges m~Px cÖYqb
wµqv‡K m~PxKiY (Indexing) e‡j GB ch©v‡q
m~PxKi‡Yi cÖavb I cÖv_wgK wµqv nBj (1)
cÖ_‡g †h wk‡ivbv‡g KvMRwU bw_e× n‡e Zvnv
mwVKfv‡e wbiƒcY Kiv, (2) wk‡ivYv‡gi kãMywj‡K
cÖ‡qvRb‡eva ¯’vb e`j (Transpose) K‡i h_v¯’v‡b
GKK (unit) wfwËK mvRvBqv wjwce× Kiv| †hB mKj
Awd‡m wecyj cwigvY KvMRcÎ I `wjjcÎvw` jBqv
Kvievi †mB mKj Awd‡m DËg c×wZi m~PxKiY
Acwinvh©|

m~PxKi‡Yi c×wZmg~n (Ordinary Indexing) :

m~PxKi‡Yi Rb¨ KZKMywj c„ôv _v‡K| cÖ_g c„ôvi
wk‡ivfv‡M- A, wØZxq c„ôvi wk‡ivfv‡M - B, Z…
Zxq c„ôvi wk‡ivfv‡M- C, Ges GBfv‡e Ab¨vb¨
c„ôvi wk‡ivfv‡M Bs‡iwR eY©gvjv µgvš^‡q
wjwLZ _v‡K| cÎvjvcKvix‡`i bv‡gi Av`¨vÿi hw` - A,
nq, Zvn‡j Zvnv‡`i bvg - A, wk‡ivbvghy³ c„ôvq
Ges GBfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ bvgMywjI Av`v¨vÿi Abyhvqx
Ab¨vb¨ c„ôvq wjwLZ nq| cÖ‡Z¨K bv‡gi mvg‡b
wewfbœ c„ôvi b¤^iI †jLv _v‡K| †Kvb e¨w³i
wnmve ev Ab¨vb¨ welq evwni Ki‡Z nB‡j m~Px
†`wLqv cÖ_‡g Zvi bvgwU LyuwRqv jB‡Z nq|
AZci Zvi bv‡gi wecixZ w`‡K †h c„ôv b¤^i †jLv

72
_v‡K Zvnv †`wLqv Af¨šÍ‡ii c„ôv LyuwRqv evwni
Ki‡Z nq| Zvn‡j H c„ôv‡Z mswkøó e¨w³i
wnmvecÎvw` ev Ab¨vb¨ welq LyuwRqv evwni
Kiv hvB‡e| GB c×wZ‡Z m~PxKiY‡K mvaviY
m~PxKiY, mnR m~PxKiY ev Av`¨vÿi m~PxKiY -
(Alphabetic Indexing) e‡j|
mvaviY m~PxKiY Avevi Pvi cÖKv‡ii nBqv _v‡K :
01| cyw¯ÍKvi AvKv‡i evuavB m~Px - (Bound Book
Index) t GwU g~j ewni mwnZ mshy³ ev
Avjv`vfv‡e evuavB KivI _vK‡Z cv‡i|
02| †LvjvcvZvi m~Px (Loose Leaf Index) t GwU‡Z
m~Pxi c„ôvMywj Avjv`vfv‡e MÖw_Z _v‡K|
wKšÍy cÖ‡qvRbgZ Dnv n‡Z †Kvb c„ôv
Zzwjqv jIqv ev Dnv‡Z b~¨Zb c„ôv ms‡hvM
Kiv hvq|
03| cwiewa©Z m~Px (Extended Index) t m~Px
eB-Gi g‡a¨ mshy³ _v‡K| wKšÍy cÖ‡qvRb nB‡j
eB-Gi evwn‡i GB m~Px‡K †Lvjv †h‡Z cv‡i|
04| ¯^qs m~Px (Self Index) t GB c×wZ‡Z
cy¯ÍKvKv‡i MÖw_Z m~Pxi c„ôv Ggbfv‡e
MÖw_Z †h cy¯Í‡Ki Kfvi Lywj‡jB cy¯Í‡Ki Wvb
mxgv‡šÍ mg¯Í Av`¨vÿiMywjB hyMcr †`Lv
hvq|
* ¯^ieY©vbyµwgK m~Px (Vowel Index) t
mvaviY m~PxKiY c×wZ‡Z wbwg©Z
m~Px‡Z wewfbœ e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi
msL¨v hLb AmsL¨ nBqv c‡o, ZLb
¯^eY©vbyµwgK m~PxKiY c×wZ‡Z mvaviY
m~Px‡K Dc-wef³ Kiv hvq| †m Ae¯’vq a, e, i, o,
u Bs‡iwR GB K‡qKwU ¯^ie‡Y©i ms‡hvM
Bs‡iwR 26wU eY©gvjv cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K A_ev
cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i K‡qKwU‡K QqwU Dc-

73
 wefv‡M wef³ Kiv hvq| h_v- Aa, Ae, Ai, Ao, Au,
Ay; Ba, Be, Bi, Bo, Bu, By; Ca, Ce, Ci, Co, Cu, Cy
cÖf…wZ| Zrc‡i †h mKj e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi
bvg m~Pxfz³ Ki‡Z n‡e Zvnv‡`i Av`¨vÿ‡i Ges
ZrcieZx© me©cÖ_g ¯^ieY©wU hy³ Kwi‡j
Dnv m~Pxi †h Dcwifv‡M cwo‡e, †mBLv‡bB
mswkøó e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi bvgwU
wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ †Kvb e¨w³i bvg
Abadkhan. GLv‡b Abad bv‡gi Av`¨vÿiwU A Ges
ZrcieZx© cÖ_g ¯^eY©wU a| myZivs
Abadkhan- bvgwU m~Px‡Îi Aa Dcwifv‡M
AšÍfz©³ n‡e|
* KvW©m~Px (Card Index)- t m~PxKi‡Yi GB
c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K cÎvjvcKvixi bv‡g GKwU
c„_K KvW© _v‡K ewjqv GwUi bvg
KvW©m~Px (Card Index)- GwU AZxe
ˆeÁvwbK I AZ¨vaywbK m~PxKiY c×wZ|
µwgK msL¨vbymv‡i Lvov bw_KiY c×wZ‡Z
(Vertical Filling on Numerical Plan)- KvW©
m~PxKiY Acwinvh©|

wPwVcÎ bw_Ki‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv : †h †Kvb

Awdm ev cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwV I
KvMRcÎ I g~j¨evb `wjj `¯Ív‡eR‡K H cÖwZôv‡bi
cÖvY ejv hvq| †h‡nZz cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMRcÎ,
†iKW©m ev `wjj `¯Ív‡eR Qvov †Kvb Awdm
cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq bv| myZivs H mKj bw_c·K
ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q mwVK I myôzfv‡e msiÿY Kiv
AZ¨vek¨K| KviY cÖ‡qvR‡bi gyn~‡Z© wPwVc·K
mn‡RB †MvQv‡jv Ae¯’vq LywRqv cvIqvi Dci
cÖwZôv‡bi jvf‡jvKmvb, mybvg-`yb©vg Ges
A‡bK mgq Aw¯ÍZ¡I wbf©i K‡i|

74
cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i †Kvb Awd‡mi KvMRc·K
†gvUvgywU wnmv‡e wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
†hgbÑ A¯’vqx cÖ‡qvRb, ¯’vqx cÖ‡qvRb Ges
wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb| A¯’vqx ev
mvgwqKfv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMRc·K KvR mgvav
nIqvi ci bó K‡i †`Iqvi Avek¨K| KviY GwU‡Z Hme
msiÿY eve` A_©, m¤ú`, mgq I ¯’v‡bi wgZvPvi
Kiv hvq| cÿvšÍ‡i ¯’vqx KvMRc·K gReyZfv‡e
msiÿY Kiv AZ¨vek¨K| KviY cÖwZôv‡bi †jb‡`b I
wnmve wbKv‡ki KvMR I g~j¨evb `wjjcÎ
myôzfv‡e msiwÿZ bv nB‡j H e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi
Aw¯ÍZ¡ wejywßi m¤¢vebv †`Lv †`q| D‡jøL‡hvM¨
†h, miKvwi Awd‡mi GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq bw_ bv
cvIqv †M‡j GKRb †jv‡Ki Rxeb-giY mgm¨v †`Lv
w`‡Z cv‡i|
AZGe, GwU GKev‡K¨ ejv hvq †h, †Kvb e¨emv
cÖwZôvb, ms¯’v ev e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvaxb
Kviev‡ii Kv‡Ri MwZ, k„•Ljv, myL¨vwZ, cÖmvi ev
`yb©vg Ges jvf- †jvKmvb wbf©i K‡i H ms¯’vi
bw_cÎ msiÿY e¨e¯’vi Dci|

*** mgvß ***

75
76