A18 Appendix C
tf
Y
Appendix C Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes d X X
tw
(SI Units)
W Shapes Y
(Wide-Flange Shapes) bf
Flange
Web Axis X-X Axis Y-Y
Thick- Thick-
Area Depth Width ness ness Ix Sx rx Iy Sy ry
Designation† A, mm2 d, mm. bf, mm tf, mm tw mm 106 mm4 103 mm3 mm 106 mm4 103 mm3 mm
W920 3 449 57300 947 424 42.7 24.0 8780 18500 391 541 2560 97.0
201 25600 904 305 20.1 15.2 3250 7190 356 93.7 618 60.5
W840 3 299 38200 856 399 29.2 18.2 4830 11200 356 312 1560 90.4
176 22400 836 292 18.8 14.0 2460 5880 330 77.8 534 58.9
W760 3 257 32900 772 381 27.2 16.6 3430 8870 323 249 1310 86.9
147 18800 754 267 17.0 13.2 1660 4410 297 53.3 401 53.3
W690 3 217 27800 696 356 24.8 15.4 2360 6780 292 184 1040 81.3
125 16000 678 254 16.3 11.7 1190 3490 272 44.1 347 52.6
W610 3 155 19700 612 325 19.1 12.7 1290 4230 257 108 667 73.9
101 13000 602 228 14.9 10.5 762 2520 243 29.3 257 47.5
W530 3 150 19200 544 312 20.3 12.7 1010 3720 229 103 660 73.4
92 11800 533 209 15.6 10.2 554 2080 217 23.9 229 45.0
66 8390 526 165 11.4 8.89 351 1340 205 8.62 104 32.0
W460 3 158 20100 475 284 23.9 15.0 795 3340 199 91.6 646 67.6
113 14400 462 279 17.3 10.8 554 2390 196 63.3 452 66.3
74 9480 457 191 14.5 9.02 333 1460 187 16.7 175 41.9
52 6650 450 152 10.8 7.62 212 944 179 6.37 83.9 31.0
W410 3 114 14600 419 262 19.3 11.6 462 2200 178 57.4 441 62.7
85 10800 417 181 18.2 10.9 316 1510 171 17.9 198 40.6
60 7610 406 178 12.8 7.75 216 1060 168 12.0 135 39.9
46.1 5890 404 140 11.2 6.99 156 773 163 5.16 73.6 29.7
38.8 4950 399 140 8.76 6.35 125 629 159 3.99 57.2 28.4
W360 3 551 70300 455 419 67.6 42.2 2260 9950 180 828 3950 108
216 27500 376 394 27.7 17.3 712 3800 161 282 1430 101
122 15500 363 257 21.7 13.0 367 2020 154 61.6 480 63.0
101 12900 356 254 18.3 10.5 301 1690 153 50.4 397 62.5
79 10100 353 205 16.8 9.40 225 1270 150 24.0 234 48.8
64 8130 348 203 13.5 7.75 178 1030 148 18.8 185 48.0
57.8 7230 358 172 13.1 7.87 160 895 149 11.1 129 39.4
44 5710 351 171 9.78 6.86 121 688 146 8.16 95.4 37.8
39 4960 353 128 10.7 6.48 102 578 144 3.71 58.2 27.4
32.9 4190 348 127 8.51 5.84 82.8 475 141 2.91 45.9 26.4
†
A wide-flange shape is designated by the letter W followed by the nominal depth in millimeters and the mass in kilograms permeter.
(Table continued on page A19)
A20 Appendix C
tf
Y
Appendix C Properties of Rolled-Steel Shapes
d X X
(SI Units) tw
Continued from page A19
W Shapes Y
(Wide-Flange Shapes) bf
Flange
Web Axis X-X Axis Y-Y
Thick- Thick-
Area Depth Width ness ness Ix Sx rx Iy Sy ry
Designation† A, mm2 d, mm bf, mm tf, mm tw, mm 106 mm4 103 mm3 mm 106 mm4 103 mm3 mm
W310 3 143 18200 323 310 22.9 14.0 347 2150 138 112 728 78.5
107 13600 312 305 17.0 10.9 248 1600 135 81.2 531 77.2
74 9420 310 205 16.3 9.40 163 1050 132 23.4 228 49.8
60 7550 302 203 13.1 7.49 128 844 130 18.4 180 49.3
52 6650 318 167 13.2 7.62 119 747 133 10.2 122 39.1
44.5 5670 312 166 11.2 6.60 99.1 633 132 8.45 102 38.6
38.7 4940 310 165 9.65 5.84 84.9 547 131 7.20 87.5 38.4
32.7 4180 312 102 10.8 6.60 64.9 416 125 1.94 37.9 21.5
23.8 3040 305 101 6.73 5.59 42.9 280 119 1.17 23.1 19.6
W250 3 167 21200 290 264 31.8 19.2 298 2060 118 98.2 742 68.1
101 12900 264 257 19.6 11.9 164 1240 113 55.8 433 65.8
80 10200 257 254 15.6 9.4 126 983 111 42.9 338 65.0
67 8580 257 204 15.7 8.89 103 805 110 22.2 218 51.1
58 7420 252 203 13.5 8.00 87.0 690 108 18.7 185 50.3
49.1 6260 247 202 11.0 7.37 71.2 574 106 15.2 151 49.3
44.8 5700 267 148 13.0 7.62 70.8 531 111 6.95 94.2 34.8
32.7 4190 259 146 9.14 6.10 49.1 380 108 4.75 65.1 33.8
28.4 3630 259 102 10.0 6.35 40.1 308 105 1.79 35.1 22.2
22.3 2850 254 102 6.86 5.84 28.7 226 100 1.20 23.8 20.6
W200 3 86 11000 222 209 20.6 13.0 94.9 852 92.7 31.3 300 53.3
71 9100 216 206 17.4 10.2 76.6 708 91.7 25.3 246 52.8
59 7550 210 205 14.2 9.14 60.8 582 89.7 20.4 200 51.8
52 6650 206 204 12.6 7.87 52.9 511 89.2 17.7 174 51.6
46.1 5880 203 203 11.0 7.24 45.8 451 88.1 15.4 152 51.3
41.7 5320 205 166 11.8 7.24 40.8 398 87.6 9.03 109 41.1
35.9 4570 201 165 10.2 6.22 34.4 342 86.9 7.62 92.3 40.9
31.3 3970 210 134 10.2 6.35 31.3 298 88.6 4.07 60.8 32.0
26.6 3390 207 133 8.38 5.84 25.8 249 87.1 3.32 49.8 31.2
22.5 2860 206 102 8.00 6.22 20.0 193 83.6 1.42 27.9 22.3
19.3 2480 203 102 6.48 5.84 16.5 162 81.5 1.14 22.5 21.4
W150 3 37.1 4740 162 154 11.6 8.13 22.2 274 68.6 7.12 91.9 38.6
29.8 3790 157 153 9.27 6.60 17.2 220 67.6 5.54 72.3 38.1
24 3060 160 102 10.3 6.60 13.4 167 66.0 1.84 36.1 24.6
18 2290 153 102 7.11 5.84 9.20 120 63.2 1.24 24.6 23.3
13.5 1730 150 100 5.46 4.32 6.83 91.1 62.7 0.916 18.2 23.0
W130 3 28.1 3590 131 128 10.9 6.86 10.9 167 55.1 3.80 59.5 32.5
23.8 3040 127 127 9.14 6.10 8.91 140 54.1 3.13 49.2 32.0
W100 3 19.3 2470 106 103 8.76 7.11 4.70 89.5 43.7 1.61 31.1 25.4
†
A wide-flange shape is designated by the letter W followed by the nominal depth in millimeters and the mass in kilograms per meter.
A14 Appendix B
Appendix B Typical Properties of Selected Materials Used in Engineering1,5
(SI Units)
Ultimate Strength Yield Strength3
Modulus Modulus Coefficient Ductility,
Compres- of of of Thermal Percent
Density Tension, sion, 2 Shear, Tension, Shear, Elasticity, Rigidity, Expansion, Elongation
Material kg/m3 MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa GPa GPa 1026/8C in 50 mm
Steel
Structural (ASTM-A36) 7860 400 250 145 200 77.2 11.7 21
High-strength-low-alloy
ASTM-A709 Grade 345 7860 450 345 200 77.2 11.7 21
ASTM-A913 Grade 450 7860 550 450 200 77.2 11.7 17
ASTM-A992 Grade 345 7860 450 345 200 77.2 11.7 21
Quenched & tempered
ASTM-A709 Grade 690 7860 760 690 200 77.2 11.7 18
Stainless, AISI 302
Cold-rolled 7920 860 520 190 75 17.3 12
Annealed 7920 655 260 150 190 75 17.3 50
Reinforcing Steel
Medium strength 7860 480 275 200 77 11.7
High strength 7860 620 415 200 77 11.7
Cast Iron
Gray Cast Iron
4.5% C, ASTM A-48 7200 170 655 240 69 28 12.1 0.5
Malleable Cast Iron
2% C, 1% Si,
ASTM A-47 7300 345 620 330 230 165 65 12.1 10
Aluminum
Alloy 1100-H14
(99% Al) 2710 110 70 95 55 70 26 23.6 9
Alloy 2014-T6 2800 455 275 400 230 75 27 23.0 13
Alloy-2024-T4 2800 470 280 325 73 23.2 19
Alloy-5456-H116 2630 315 185 230 130 72 23.9 16
Alloy 6061-T6 2710 260 165 240 140 70 26 23.6 17
Alloy 7075-T6 2800 570 330 500 72 28 23.6 11
Copper
Oxygen-free copper
(99.9% Cu)
Annealed 8910 220 150 70 120 44 16.9 45
Hard-drawn 8910 390 200 265 120 44 16.9 4
Yellow-Brass
(65% Cu, 35% Zn)
Cold-rolled 8470 510 300 410 250 105 39 20.9 8
Annealed 8470 320 220 100 60 105 39 20.9 65
Red Brass
(85% Cu, 15% Zn)
Cold-rolled 8740 585 320 435 120 44 18.7 3
Annealed 8740 270 210 70 120 44 18.7 48
Tin bronze 8800 310 145 95 18.0 30
(88 Cu, 8Sn, 4Zn)
Manganese bronze 8360 655 330 105 21.6 20
(63 Cu, 25 Zn, 6 Al, 3 Mn, 3 Fe)
Aluminum bronze 8330 620 900 275 110 42 16.2 6
(81 Cu, 4 Ni, 4 Fe, 11 Al)
(Table continued on page A15
Appendix D A29
Appendix D Beam Deflections and Slopes
Maximum
Beam and Loading Elastic Curve Deflection Slope at End Equation of Elastic Curve
1
P y
L
x
O PL3 PL2 P
ymax 2 2 y5 1x 3 2 3Lx 2 2
L 3EI 2EI 6EI
2
w
y
L
x
O wL4 wL3 w
ymax 2 2 y52 1x4 2 4Lx 3 1 6L2x 2 2
L 8EI 6EI 24EI
3
y
L
x
O ML2 ML M 2
ymax 2 2 y52 x
L 2EI EI 2EI
M
4
1 P y
2
L L
x For x # 12L:
O
PL3 PL2 P
2 6 y5 14x 3 2 3L2x2
L
1
L ymax 48EI 16EI 48EI
2
5
P
For a . b: For x , a:
y Pb 1L2 2 b2 2
L Pb 1L2 2 b2 2 3y2 Pb
a
b
b 2 uA 5 2 y5 3 x 3 2 1L2 2 b 2 2x4
a 913EIL 6EIL 6EIL
B x
A B A ymax
L2 2 b2 Pa 1L2 2 a2 2 Pa2b2
at xm 5 uB 5 1 For x 5 a: y 5 2
L xm B 3 6EIL 3EIL
6
w y
L
x
O 5wL4 wL3 w
2 6 y52 1x4 2 2Lx 3 1 L3x2
1 384EI 24EI 24EI
L 2
L ymax
7
y L
M ML2 ML M
B x uA 5 1 y52 1x 3 2 L2x2
A B A 913EI 6EI 6EIL
L ymax
3 ML
L uB 5 2
3EI
