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Sucrose Extraction From Sugar Cane

The document outlines the process of extracting sucrose from sugar cane, which includes steps such as crushing, precipitation, filtration, vacuum distillation, crystallization, and centrifugation. Sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, is a naturally occurring sugar found in various plants and can be commercially produced from sugar cane and sugar beets. The extraction process involves several stages to purify the sugar and separate it from impurities and molasses.

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82 views38 pages

Sucrose Extraction From Sugar Cane

The document outlines the process of extracting sucrose from sugar cane, which includes steps such as crushing, precipitation, filtration, vacuum distillation, crystallization, and centrifugation. Sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, is a naturally occurring sugar found in various plants and can be commercially produced from sugar cane and sugar beets. The extraction process involves several stages to purify the sugar and separate it from impurities and molasses.

Uploaded by

dtjfmj7h4d
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Extraction of

Sucrose from
Sugar Cane
DESCRIBE THE EXTRACTION OF SUCROSE FROM SUGARCANE
What is sucrose?
▪Sucrose is a naturally occurring sugar.
▪Commonly called table sugar or cane sugar
What is
sucrose?
▪It is found in various
amounts in plants
▪fruits,
▪vegetables, and
▪Nuts

▪Sucrose is also
produced commercially
from sugar cane and
sugar beets.
Extraction of Sucrose
The extraction of sucrose from sugar cane involves the
following processes:
1. Crushing
2. Precipitation
3. Filtration
4. Vacuum Distillation
5. Crystallization
6. Centrifugation
Extraction of Sucrose
WATCH THE VIDEO! https://youtu.be/EP_fgp7zYKk
START
RAW
SUGAR JUICE
CANE CRUSHING HEATING LIMING

MOLASSES PRECIPITATION
STOP RAW, WET
SUGAR/
SUCROSE RAW JUICE WITH
CENTRIFUGATION SETTLED
IMPURITIES

MOLASSES
AND SUGAR FILTRATION
CRYSTALS
THIN,
FILTERED
CRYSTALLIZATION
MOLASSES VACUUM JUICE
DISTILLATION
How much do you really know
about sugar?
- QUIZZIZ
- SUGAR EXTRACTION FACTS!

Type in joinmyquiz.com and listen out for game


code
READING
ASSIGNMENT
READ THE FOLLOWING SLIDES FOR A DETAILED LOOK ON THE
PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING SUGAR FROM SUGARCANE
TARGET QUESTIONS!!
❑ What is the purpose of ‘liming’ in the extraction process?
❑What is the chemical formula for ‘lime’?
❑What is done to promote the formation of sugar crystals?
❑What happens during vacuum distillation?
HARVEST OF
SUGARCANE IS
CHOPPED

SUGARCANE IS CHOPPED CANE LOADED


CULTIVATED ONTO TRUCKS
Sugar cane is delivered from cane fields to
sugar factory
CRUSHING
CRUSHING
▪Sugarcane stalks are shredded into smaller pieces
and then passed on to the milling train.
▪The milling train consists of mill rollers which exert
huge force.
▪Mill rollers crush the shredded cane pieces,
which extracts the cane juice. The desired sucrose
is contained in this extracted juice.
▪ The solid remains of the cane stalks after the juice is
extracted, known as bagasse, is stored and later used
as fuels for the boilers in the sugar factory.
PRECIPITATION
A precipitate is an
insoluble solid that
emerges from a
liquid solution.
▪After crushing, the extracted
cane juice is heated and pumped
PRECIPITATION
to the clarifier.
▪In the clarifier, lime (or
calcium hydroxide) is added to
the cane juice.
▪ Cane juice, which is acidic is
neutralized by the addition of
lime.
▪ While, impurities, such as dirt
and chemical mud, form a
precipitate (in the form of Clarified
Extracted
insoluble calcium salts). cane juice
cane juice
▪ This precipitate of impurities
settles at the bottom of the juice.
Impure
Lime precipitate
PRECIPITATION
Lime (calcium Lime (calcium hydroxide)
hydroxide) added traps the impurities to Precipitate, which
form insoluble calcium contains the
salts and forms a impurities will settle
precipitate to the bottom
FILTRATION
FILTRATION
▪Cane juice and impurities
are separated using
filtration in a rotary drum
filter.

▪The mud is washed and


returned to fields as fertilizer,
while the filtered juice is
passed to a vacuum boiler.
FILTRATION – using rotary drum

Solid impurities
separated from
liquid cane juice
VACUUM DISTILLATION

1. The cane juice is


boiled in a vacuum.
VACUUM DISTILLATION

2. Much of the water


in the juice is
released
VACUUM
DISTILLATION
▪Resulting in the formation
of a thick, dark-brown,
slightly sweet syrup,
known as molasses
CRYSTALLIZATION
CRYSTALLIZATION

Add a few sugar Many more crystals


Molasses from of sugar forms in
vacuum crystals to
molasses(SEEDING) molasses
CRYSTALLIZATION
▪Pure sugar crystals are added to the
thick syrup(molasses) in a process
known as ‘seeding’.

▪Seeding is used to kick-start the


process of crystallization – it promotes
the formation of even more sugar
crystals as the molasses cools.
CRYSTALLIZATION
▪A range of sugar crystal sizes are
formed. This results in the different
qualities of sucrose (sugar) produced

▪The sugar crystals are suspended in the


liquid molasses
CENTRIFUGATION
▪The mixture of sugar
crystals and
remaining molasses
is placed in a
centrifuge.

▪The mixture is spun


at high speeds in the
centrifuge
CENTRIFUGATION

The solid crystals are


separated from the
liquid molasses.
CENTRIFUGATION
▪Molasses is removed and sold as animal feed
or used for ethanol production.
▪Wet, raw sugar is collected, dried and stored
for subsequent delivery and packaging .
SUGAR CRYSTALS PRODUUCED
OVERVIEW OF PROCESS
Source: https://www.geoforcxc.com/economic-activities/sugar-production-in-the-caribbean/

In some Caribbean territories, sugar is produced from sugarcane. When


sugarcane stalks are brought to the sugar factory, the juice is extracted by
crushing them. The remains of the cane stalks, known as bagasse, can be used
as raw material in making bagasse board or as fuel for the boilers. The juice is
filtered to remove any solid particles such as dirt or bits of cane. Lime is added
which causes the impurities in the juice to settle. The juice is then boiled under a
vacuum, releasing much of the water from it. This results in a mixture of sugar
crystals and molasses. The mixture is then placed in a centrifuge where it is
spun at high speeds. This separates the sugar crystals from the molasses.
Molasses can be used in the making of animal feed or rum. The video below
shows the sugar manufacturing process.
HAVE A SECOND ATTEMPT!
- QUIZZIZ
- SUGAR EXTRACTION FACTS!

Type in joinmyquiz.com and listen out for game code


Arrange the following sentences in the appropriate order.

a. Crusher: Juice is extracted as water is sprayed on the cane and the rollers apply pressure to crush the cane .

b. Clarifier: Cane juice is acidic and is neutralized by the addition of calcium hydroxide. Heating allows the for
precipitation of impurities in the form of insoluble calcium salts.

c. Filter: The precipitated solid materials are removed from the cane juice.

d. Boiler: The juice is evaporated under reduced pressure to prevent charring.

e. Shredding: Rotary knives are used for cutting cane into small pieces.

f. Crystalliser: The syrup is super saturated. Pure crystals are added to cause crystallisation of the liquid.

g. Centrifuged: The mixture from the crystallizer is spun at high speeds to separate it into molasses and raw sugar
crystals.

h. Collector : Container for collecting the separated molasse and sugar.


Correct order.

e. Shredding: Rotary knives are used for cutting cane into small pieces.

a. Crusher: Juice is extracted as water is sprayed on the cane and the rollers apply pressure to
crush the cane.

b. Clarifier: Cane juice is acidic and is neutralized by the addition of calcium hydroxide. Heating
allows the for precipitation of impurities in the form of insoluble calcium salts.

c. Filter: The precipitated solid materials are removed from the cane juice.

d. Boiler: The juice is evaporated under reduced pressure to prevent charring.

f. Crystalliser: The syrup is super saturated. Pure crystals are added to cause crystallisation of
the liquid.

g. Centrifuged: The mixture from the crystallizer is spun at high speeds to separate it into
molasses and raw sugar crystals.

h. Collector : Container for collecting the separated molasse and sugar.


WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BY NOW!
❑ What is the purpose of ‘liming’ in the extraction process?
❑What chemical compound is in the ‘lime’ used for sugar
extraction?
❑What is done to promote the formation of sugar crystals?
❑What happens during vacuum distillation?

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