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1. (c) Put x = 4 in x 2 + px + 12 = 0 , we get p = −7

49
Now second equation x 2 + px + q = 0 have equal roots. Therefore p 2 = 4 q  q =
4

1
2. (b) Let x =2+
1
2+
2 + .....

1
 x =2+ (on simplification)
x

 x =1 2
But the value of the given expression cannot be negative or less than 2, therefore 1 + 2 is
required answer.

3. (a) x = 1 + 1 + 1 + ..... to 

We have x = 1 + x

 x2 = 1 + x  x2 − x −1 = 0

1 1+4 1 5
 x = =
2 2

1+ 5
As x  0 , we get x =
2
4. (c) When x  0 , | x | = − x

 Equation is x 2 − x − 6 = 0  x = −2, 3

 x  0,  x = −2 is the solution.

When x  0 ,| x | = x

 Equation is x 2 + x − 6 = 0  x = 2,−3
 x  0 ,  x = 2 is the solution.
Hence x = 2 , −2 are the solutions and their sum is zero.

Aliter : | x 2 | + | x | −6 = 0

 (| x | +3)(| x | −2) = 0
 | x | = −3 , which is not possible and | x | = 2

 x = 2 .
p+q−x q+r−x r+ p −x −4 x
5. (a) We have + + =
r p q p+q+r

p+q+r−x p+q+r−x p+q+r−x

+ +
r p q

4x
=4 −
p+q+r

 1 1 1  p +q +r−x 
 ( p + q + r − x )  + +  = 4  
p q r  p +q +r 

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1 1 1 4 
 (p + q + r − x )  + + − =0
p q r p +q +r
 x = p +q +r.
6. (c) Given equation ( x − a)(x − b ) + ( x − b )(x − c) + ( x − c)(x − a) = 0 can be re-written as

3 x 2 − 2(a + b + c)x + (ab + bc + ca) = 0

 
 = 4 (a + b + c) 2 − 3(ab + bc + ca) ( b 2 − 4 ac = )
= 4 (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ac)
 
= 2 (a − b ) 2 + (b − c) 2 + (c − a) 2  0
Hence both roots are always real.

7. (c) We have 4 ax 2 + 3 bx + 2 c = 0 Let roots are  and 

Let D = B 2 − 4 AC = 9 b 2 − 4 (4 a)(2 c) = 9 b 2 − 32 ac

Given that , (a + b + c) = 0  b = −(a + c)

Putting this value, we get

= 9(a + c) 2 − 32 ac = 9(a − c) 2 + 4 ac .
Hence roots are real.
8. (d) Given equation
2(a 2 + b 2 )x 2 + 2(a + b )x + 1 = 0

Let A = 2(a 2 + b 2 ), B = 2(a + b) and C = 1

B 2 − 4 AC = 4 (a 2 + b 2 + 2ab) − 4 .2(a 2 + b 2 ) 1

 B 2 − 4 AC = −4 (a − b ) 2  0
Thus given equation has imaginary roots.

9. (c) Given equation (cos p − 1)x 2 + (cos p )x + sin p = 0

Its discriminant D  0 since roots are real
 cos 2 p − 4 (cos p − 1) sin p  0
 cos 2 p − 4 cos p sin p + 4 sin p  0
 (cos p − 2 sin p ) 2 − 4 sin 2 p + 4 sin p  0

 (cos p − 2 sin p ) 2 + 4 sin p(1 − sin p )  0 …..(i)

Now (1 − sin p )  0 for all real p, sin p  0 for 0  p   . Therefore 4 sin p(1 − sin p )  0
when 0  p   or p  (0 ,  )

10. (c) For real roots, discriminant  0

 q2 − 4 p  0  q2  4 p

For p = 1, q 2  4  q = 2,3,4

p = 2, q 2  8  q = 3,4

p = 3, q 2  12  q = 4

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p = 4 , q 2  16  q = 4

Total seven solutions are possible.

1
11. (b) Let roots are  and ,than


1 k+2 k+2
. = 1 = k =1
 2k + 1 2k + 1

b c
12. (a) As given, sin  + cos  = − , sin  cos  =
a a

To eliminate  , we have

1 = sin 2  + cos 2  = (sin  + cos  ) 2 − 2 sin  cos 

b2 2c
= 2
−  a 2 − b 2 + 2ac = 0
a a
13. (b) Since  ,  are the roots of the equation

2 x 2 − 35 x + 2 = 0 . Also  = 1
−2
 2 2 − 35 = −2 or 2 − 35 =

−2
2  2 − 35  = −2 or 2  − 35 =


3
−2
3
−2
Now (2 − 35 ) 3 (2  − 35 )3 =    
     

8 .8 64
= = = 64
  3 3
1

14. (c) Give equation x 2 + x + 1 = 0

  +  2 = −1 .....(i) and  3 = 1 .....(ii)
Now the equation whose roots are  31
and  62
  31 +  62 =  31 (1 +  31 )
  31 +  62 =  30 . (1 +  30 . )
  31 +  62 = ( 3 )10 . {1 + ( 3 )10 . }
  31 +  62 =  (1 +  )
  31 +  62 = −1 [from (i)]
Again  31
. 62
= 93
  31 . 62 = [ 3 ] 31 = 1

Required equation is x 2 − ( 31 +  62 )x +  31 . 62 = 0

 x2 + x +1 = 0 .

−1 + i 3
Trick:  = =
2

−1 − i 3
2 = =2
2

  31 =  31 =  and  62 =  62 =  2

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 Equation is x 2 + x + 1 = 0 .
15. (a) Let the roots are  and  + 1 ,

then, sum of roots = 2 + 1 = b

product of roots =  ( + 1) = c

Now, b 2 − 4 c = (2 + 1)2 − 4 ( + 1)

= 4 2 + 1 + 4 − 4 2 − 4

 b 2 − 4c = 1 .

16. (c)  ,  are the roots of the equation x 2 − 3 x + 1 = 0

  +  = 3 and  = 1

1 1  + −4
S = + =
 −2  −2  − 2( +  ) + 4

3−4
= =1
1 − 2 .3 + 4

1 1
and P= = = −1
( − 2)( − 2)  − 2( +  ) + 4

1 1
Hence the equation whose roots are and are x 2 − Sx + P = 0  x 2 − x − 1 = 0 .
−2  −2

− a  a2 − 4 b
17. (a) Let  1 ,  1 are the roots of the eqn x 2 + ax + b = 0  x =
2

− a + a 2 − 4b − a − a 2 − 4b
 1 = , 1 =
2 2

and  2 ,  2 are the roots of the equation x 2 + bx + a = 0

− b + b 2 − 4a − b − b2 − 4a
So,  2 = , 2 =
2 2

Now 1 − 1 = a 2 − 4 b ; 2 − 2 = b 2 − 4 a

Given,  1 −  1 =  2 −  2  a 2 − 4 b = b 2 − 4 a

 a 2 − b 2 = − 4 (a − b )  a + b + 4 = 0 .

18. (c) Note that for t  R, t 2 x 2 + | x | + 9  9 and hence the given equation can not have real roots.

19. (a) Given equation is x 2 − 2 ax + a 2 + a − 3 = 0

If roots are real, then D  0

 4 a 2 − 4 (a 2 + a − 3)  0  − a + 3  0

 a−3 0  a3
As roots are less than 3, hence f (3)  0

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9 − 6a + a 2 + a − 3  0  a 2 − 5a + 6  0

 (a − 2)(a − 3)  0  either a  2 or a  3
Hence a  2 satisfy all.
20. (c) Since f (x) is a quadratic expression having real roots. Therefore f (x) does not have the same sign
for all x.

f (x )  1  x 2 + 4 x + 1  1  x 2 + 4 x  0

 x  −4 or x  0 .

21. (d) Let f (x ) = 4 x 2 − 20 px + (25 p 2 + 15 p − 66 ) = 0 .....(i)

The roots of (i) are real if
b 2 − 4 ac = 400 p 2 − 16 (25 p 2 + 15 p − 66 )
= 16 (66 − 15 p )  0
 p  22 / 5 .....(ii)
Both roots of (i) are less than 2. Therefore f (2)  0 and sum of roots < 4.

20 p
 4 . 2 2 − 20 p. 2 + (25 p 2 + 15 p − 66 )  0 and <4
4

 p 2 − p − 2  0 and p  4 / 5
 ( p + 1)( p − 2)  0 and p  4 / 5
 p  −1 or p  2 and p  4 / 5  p  −1 .....(iii)
From (ii) and (iii), we get p  −1 i.e. p  (−,−1) .

22. (d) The equation is x 2 − (a + b ) x + ab − 1 = 0

 discriminant = (a + b)2 − 4 (ab − 1) = (b − a)2 + 4  0

 both roots are real. Let them be  ,  where

(a + b) − (b − a) 2 + 4
,  = (a + b) + (b − a) + 4
2
=
2 2

(a + b) − (b − a) 2
(a + b) − (b − a)
Clearly,  = =a
2 2
( b  a)

(a + b) + (b − a)2 a+b +b −a
and   = =b
2 2
Hence, one root  is less than a and the other root  is greater than b.

23. (d) Let f (x ) = a n x n + a n −1 x n −1 + .... + a1 x ;

f (0 ) = 0 ; f ( ) = 0
 f ( x ) = 0 , has atleast one root between (0,  )

i.e., equation na n x n −1 + (n − 1)a n −1 x n − 2 + .... + a1 = 0

has a positive root smaller than  .

24. (d) Here ax 2 + bx + c = a(x −  )(x −  )
Since  ,  be the roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 .

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Also   k   , so a(k −  )(k −  )  0

Also a 2 k 2 + abk + ac = a(ak 2 + bk + c)
= a 2 (k −  )(k −  )  0  a 2 k 2 + abk + ac  0
25. (a) According to given condition,
4 a 2 − 4 (10 − 3 a)  0  a 2 + 3 a − 10  0
 (a + 5 )(a − 2)  0  −5  a  2 .

26. (a) x 2 − 2kx + k 2 + k − 5 = 0

Roots are less than 5, D  0

4 k 2 − 4 (k 2 + k − 5 )  0 ……(i)

 k  5  f (5 )  0 .....(ii)

 2k 
 k  (−, 4 )  (5, ) ; −    5  k  5 …..(iii)
 2 
form (i), (ii) and (iii), k  (− , 4 )

27. (d) The given condition suggest that a lies between the roots. Let f (x ) = 2 x 2 − 2(2 a + 1)x + a(a + 1)

For ‘a’ to lie between the roots we must have Discriminant  0 and f (a)  0 .

Now, Discriminant  0

 4 (2a + 1) 2 − 8 a (a + 1)  0

 8 (a 2 + a + 1 / 2)  0 which is always true.

Also f (a)  0  2 a 2 − 2 a(2 a + 1) + a(a + 1)  0

 −a 2 − a  0  a 2 + a  0  a (1 + a)  0

 a  0 or a  −1 .

28. (a) Roots  ,  lie in the interval (0,1)(   ) , so

(i)   0, (ii) f (0 )  0, f (1)  0 , (iii) 0   +   2

 Here  +  = 3  2 for every k

Hence no such k exist.

29. (b) Given equation can be written as

(6 k + 2)x 2 + rx + 3 k − 1 = 0 .....(i)
and 2(6 k + 2)x + px + 2(3 k − 1) = 0
2
.....(ii)
Condition for common roots is
12 k + 4 p 6k − 2
= = = 2 or 2 r − p = 0
6k + 2 r 3k − 1
30. (c) Let roots of x 2 − cx + d = 0 be  ,  then roots of x 2 − ax + b = 0 be , 
  +  = c,  = d ,  +  = a,  2 = b
Hence 2(b + d ) = 2( 2 +  ) = 2 ( +  ) = ac ’

31. (b) Expressions are x 2 − 11 x + a and x 2 − 14 x + 2 a will have a common factor, then

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x2 x 1
 = =
− 22 a + 14 a a − 2a − 14 + 11

x2 x 1 8a a
 = =  x2 = and x =
− 8a − a − 3 3 3
2
a 8a a2 8a
   =  =  a = 0, 24 .
3 3 9 3
Trick : We can check by putting the values of a from the options.
32. (d) x 2 − 3 x + 2 be factor of x 4 − px 2 + q = 0

Hence (x 2 − 3 x + 2) = 0  (x − 2)(x − 1) = 0

 x = 2, 1, putting these values in given equation

so 4 p − q − 16 = 0 .....(i)
and p − q − 1 = 0 .....(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get (p, q)=(5, 4)

33. (a) If ( x + 1) is a factor of

x 4 − ( p − 3)x 3 − (3 p − 5 )x 2 + (2 p − 7 )x + 6 , then by putting x = −1 , we get

1 + ( p − 3) − (3 p − 5 ) − (2 p − 7 ) + 6 = 0

 −4 p = −16  p = 4 .

34. (c) As f (x ) = x 3 − 3 b 2 x + 2 c 3 is divisible by x − a and x − b , therefore

f (a) = 0  a 3 − 3 b 2 a + 2 c 3 = 0 .....(i)

and f (b ) = 0  b 3 − 3 b 3 + 2 c 3 = 0 .....(ii)
From (ii), b=c
From (i), a − 3 ab 2 + 2b 3 = 0 (Putting b = c )
3

 (a − b )(a 2 + ab − 2b 2 ) = 0
 a = b or a 2 + ab = 2b 2
Thus a = b = c or a 2 + ab = 2b 2 and b = c
a 2 + ab = 2b 2 is satisfied by a = −2b . But b = c .
 a 2 + ab − 2b 2
and b = c is equivalent to a = −2b = −2c
35. (d) Let P(x ) = bx 2 + ax + c
As P(0 ) = 0  c = 0
As P(1) = 1  a + b = 1
P(x ) = ax + (1 − a)x 2
Now P ( x ) = a + 2(1 − a)x
as P ( x )  0 for x  (0, 1)
Only option (d) satisfies above condition

x 2 + 14 x + 9
36. (a) Let y =
x 2 + 2x + 3
 y (x 2 + 2 x + 3) − x 2 − 14 x − 9 = 0
 (y − 1)x 2 + (2 y − 14 )x + 3 y − 9 = 0

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For real x, its discriminant  0

i.e. 4 (y − 7 ) 2 − 4 (y − 1)3(y − 3)  0
 y 2 + y − 20  0 or (y − 4 )(y + 5 )  0
Now, the product of two factors is negative if these are of opposite signs. So following two cases
arise:
Case I : y − 4  0 or y  4 and y + 5  0 or y  −5
This is not possible.
Case II : y − 4  0 or y  4 and y + 5  0 or y  −5 Both of these are satisfied if
−5  y  4
Hence maximum value of y is 4 and minimum value is – 5.
37. (b) If the given expression be y, then y = 2 x 2 y + (3 y − 1)x + (6 y − 2) = 0
If y  0 then   0 for real x i.e. B 2 − 4 AC  0
or – 39 y 2 + 10 y + 1  0 or (13 y + 1)(3 y − 1)  0
 −1 / 13  y  1 / 3
If y = 0 then x = −2 which is real and this value of y is included in the above range.

38. (c)  +  =  − 3 and  = −

 2 +  2 = ( +  ) 2 − 2 = ( − 3) 2 + 2  =  2 − 4  + 9
from options,

for  = 0, ( 2 +  2 ) = 0 = 9

for  = 1, ( 2 +  2 )  =1 = 1 − 4 + 9 = 6

for  = 2, ( 2 +  2 )  = 2 = 4 − 8 + 9 = 5

for  = 3, ( 2 +  2 )  = 3 = 9 − 12 + 9 = 6

 2 +  2 is minimum for  = 2 .
39. (b) Given equation is x 3 − 3 x + 2 = 0
 x 2 (x − 1) + x (x − 1) − 2(x − 1) = 0
 (x − 1)(x 2 + x − 2) = 0  ( x − 1)(x − 1)(x + 2) = 0
Hence roots are 1,1,−2

 ( x − 1)(x − 1) 3 = 0  x = 1, 1, 1, 1

40. (c) x 2 − 6 x + 15 = 0 is quadratic corresponding to roots 3  i 6 and dividing the given equation

3
by this, we get 4x2 − 3 = 0  x =  .
2

41. (d) Domain of definition of the function y = x (x − 3) is x ( x − 3)  0 i.e. x  0 or x  3 .....(i)

Given equation can be re-written as

9 | x | 2 −19 | x | +2 = 0

 (9 | x | −1)(| x | −2) = 0  | x | = 2 or | x | = 1 / 9

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 Solution of the given equation are  2,  1 / 9

In the domain (i), the required solutions are −2, − 1 / 9 .
2
42. (a) x log x (1 − x ) = 9

 log x (9) = log x (1 − x ) 2 ( a x = N  log a N = x )

 9 = (1 − x ) 2  1 + x 2 − 2 x − 9 = 0

 x 2 − 2 x − 8 = 0  ( x + 2)(x − 4 ) = 0  x = −2 , 4 .

43. (d) Given equation e sin x − e − sin x − 4 = 0

Let e sin x = y , then given equation can be written as

y 2 − 4y − 1 = 0  y = 2  5

But the value of y = e sin x is always positive, so

y = 2 + 5 ( 2  5 )

 log e y = log e (2 + 5 )  sin x = log e (2 + 5 )  1

which is impossible, since sin x cannot be greater than 1. Hence we cannot find any real value
of x which satisfies the given equation.

44. (a) We have, x 3 + px + q = 0 .....(i)

 The roots of equation (i) is  ,  and 

 The sum of roots =  +  + 

Coefficien t of x 2 −0
= = =0
Coefficien t of x 3 1

and the product of any two roots

Coefficien t of x
=  +  +  = =p
Coefficien t of x 3

 Product of all three roots =  = −q

  +  + = 0

  3 +  3 +  3 = 3 = −3 q .

45. (b) , ,  are the roots of the equation

x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c = 0
so  +  +  = −a ,  +  +  = b and  = − c

1 1 1  +  + 
Now  −1 +  −1 +  −1 = + + =
   
= −b / c .

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