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This document outlines an assignment for a Mathematical Analysis II course, focusing on concepts such as pointwise and uniform convergence of sequences of functions in metric spaces. It includes various problems related to function convergence, Riemann integrability, and the Dini theorem, along with specific tasks to demonstrate understanding of these concepts. The assignment also explores the properties of sequences of functions and their limits in different contexts.

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hubertkuo418
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16 views3 pages

hw01

This document outlines an assignment for a Mathematical Analysis II course, focusing on concepts such as pointwise and uniform convergence of sequences of functions in metric spaces. It includes various problems related to function convergence, Riemann integrability, and the Dini theorem, along with specific tasks to demonstrate understanding of these concepts. The assignment also explores the properties of sequences of functions and their limits in different contexts.

Uploaded by

hubertkuo418
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical Analysis II

Assignment 1
1. Let (M, d) and (N, ρ) be metric space, A ⊆ M , and fk : A → N
be a sequence of functions such that for some function f : A →
N , we have that for all x ∈ A, if {xk }∞
k=1 ⊆ A and xk → x as
k → ∞, then
lim fk (xk ) = f (x)
k→∞

Show that
(i) {fk }∞
k=1 converges pointwise to f .
(ii) If {fkj }∞ ∞ ∞
j=1 is a subsequence of {fk }k=1 , and {xj }j=1 ⊆ A
is convergent sequence satisfying that lim xj = x, then
j→∞

lim fkj (xj ) = f (x)


j→∞

(iii) If A is compact and f is continuous on A, then {fk }∞


k=1
converges uniformly to f on A.
2. Let (M, d) and (N, ρ) be metric spaces, A ⊆ M , and fk : A → N
be a sequence of functions.
(i) If (N, ρ) = (R, | · |) and {fk }∞
k=1 converges uniformly on A
as k → ∞. Suppose that a ∈ cl(A) and
lim fk (x) = Lk
x→a

exists for all k ∈ N. Show that {Lk }∞


k=1 converges, and

lim lim fk (x) = lim lim fk (x).


x→a k→∞ k→∞ x→a

(ii) If fk is uniformly continuous for all k ∈ N, and {fk }∞


k=1
converges uniformly to f : A → N on A. Show that f is
uniformly continuous on A.
3. Complete the following.
(i) Suppose that fk , f, g : [0, ∞) → R are functions such that
1. ∀ R > 0, fk and g are Riemann integrable on [0, R];
2. |fk (x)| ≤ g(x) for all k ∈ N and x ∈ [0, ∞);
3. ∀ R > 0, {fk }∞k=1 converges to f uniformly on [0, R];
Z ∞ Z R
4. g(x)dx = lim g(x)dx < ∞.
0 R→∞ 0
Z ∞ Z ∞
Show that lim fk (x)dx = f (x)dx; that is,
k→∞ 0 0

Z R Z R
lim lim fk (x)dx = lim lim fk (x)dx.
k→∞ R→∞ 0 R→∞ k→∞ 0


1, if k − 1 ≤ x < k,
(ii) Let fk (x) be given by fk (x) =
0, otherwise.
Find the (pointwise)
Z ∞limit f of the sequence
Z ∞ {fk }∞
k=1 , and

check whether lim fk (x)dx = f (x)dx or not. Briefly


k→∞ 0 0
explain why one can or cannot apply (i).
x
(iii) Let fk : [0, ∞) → R be given by fk (x) = . Find
Z ∞ 1 + kx4
lim fk (x)dx.
k→∞ 0

4. (Dini Theorem) Let (M, d) be metric space, K ⊆ M a compact


subset, and fk : K → R be a sequence of continuous functions
with fk (x) ≥ fk+1 (x), ∀ x ∈ K, k = 1, 2, · · · . Suppose that
fk → f pointwise on K for some continuous function f : K →
R. Show that fk → f uniformly on K.
5. Let (M, d) be metric space, A ⊆ M and let fk , gk : A → R be
functions and fk → f, gk → g uniformly on A as k → ∞ for
some functions f, g : A → R. Show that
(i) {fk + gk }∞k=1 converges uniformly on A.
(ii) If {fk }k=1 , {gk }∞
∞
k=1 are sequences of bounded functions on
A, then {fk gk }∞ k=1 converges uniformly on A.
(iii) Construct sequences {fk }∞ ∞
k=1 , {gk }k=1 which converges uni-
formly on some set A such that {fk gk }∞ k=1 converges point-
wise on A but not uniformly on A.
∞ x2 + k
(−1)k
P
6. Show that the series converges uniformly on
k=1 k2
every bounded interval.
∞
P
7. Determine which of the following real series gk converge
k=1
(pointwise or uniformly). Check the continuity of the limit in
each case.
1


0 if x ≤ k,


2
if |x| ≤ k,
(i) gk (x) = (ii) gk (x) = k
(−1)k if x > k.  1 if |x| > k.

 (−1)k  x2
(iii) gk (x) = √ cos(kx) on R.
k
∞ ∞
an xn for
P P
8. Suppose that the series an = 0 and f (x) =
n=0 n=0
−1 < x ≤ 1.
n n
ak xk . Show that
P P
(i) Write sn = ak and sn (x) =
k=0 k=0
n−1
X
sn (x) = (1 − x) s k xk + s n x n
k=0
∞
sn x n .
P
and f (x) = (1 − x)
n=0
(ii) Using the representation of f from (i) to conclude that
lim− f (x) = 0 which implies that f is continuous from the
x→1
left at x =
∞
1.
P
(iii) What if an is convergent but not zero?
n=0

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