Hydraulic Jet

Pumping System
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Advantages
 No Moving Parts
 High Volume Capability
 “Free” Pump
 Deviated Wells
 Multi-Well Production from Single Surface Package
 Low Pump Maintenance

Limitations
 Producing Rate Relative to Bottomhole Pressure
 Some Require Specific Bottomhole Assemblies
 Lower Horsepower Efficiency
 High-Pressure Surface Line Requirements
2
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
How it works
1. Power fluid is pumped at a given rate (QN) to the down-hole jet pump
where it reaches a nozzle with a total pressure, designated as P N. This
high-pressure fluid (high potential energy) is then directed through the
nozzle, which converts the fluid stream to a high velocity (high kinetic
energy) and low static pressure.
2. The low pressure (PS) allows well fluids to flow into the well bore and
pump at the desired production rate (Q S). The high-momentum power fluid
is then mixed with the low-momentum production in a constant area mixing
tube. It is in this mixing process that energy is transferred from the
power fluid to the production. When the combined fluids reach the end of
the mixing tube, they are at a low pressure and high velocity.
3. The fluid then exits the pump through a diffuser section which converts
the fluid to a high-static-pressure, low velocity state. This high
discharge pressure (PD) must be sufficient to lift the combined fluid
rate (QD) to the surface. 3
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
How it works
Pressure PN P. Fluid
W. Fluid
PD

QS

PN, QN QN+QS

QS

Velocity PS

Nozzle (AN) Throat (AT) Diffuser 4

 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
How it works
4. The key components of the jet pump are the nozzle and mixing tube
(throat). The area of the openings in these parts determines the
performance characteristics of the pump. These areas are designated as
AN and AT.
5. The ratio of these areas, AN/AT, is referred to as the area ratio. Pumps
with the same area ratio have the same performance curve.
6. The volume of power fluid used will be proportional to the size of the
nozzle.
7. The sizes of nozzles and throats determine the flow rate while the ratio
of their flow areas determines trade off between produced head and flow
rate.
8. If, for example, a throat is selected such that the area of the nozzle is
60% of the throat area, a relatively high head, low flow will result.
There is a small area around the jet for well fluids to enter, leading to
low production rates. 5
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
How it works
9. If, on the other hand, a throat is selected such that the area of the
nozzle is 20% of the throat area, more production flow is possible, but,
since the nozzle energy is being transferred to a large amount of
production, lower head will be developed.
10.The cavitation characteristics of the pump must be considered, cavitation
will occur when the velocity of the produced fluids entering the throat
around the power fluid jet is high enough that static pressure in the
fluid falls to its vapor pressure. This will choke the flow and damage
the throat.

6
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Some computations
 Oil specific gravity
141.5
SGOil =
131.5 +  API
 Oil gradient (GOil)

GOil = 0.433 x SGOil

 Oil viscosity (Oil)
 BHT + WHT 
T = LN + 460 
 2 
C = 3.55 (6.328 - T ) + 11.53 x SGOil - 9.254
E = eC
 Oil = e E - 0.6  SGOil 7
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Some computations
 Water viscosity (wtr)
WHT + BHT
T avg =
2
T = 1.003 - 0.01479 x T avg + 0.00001928 x T 2avg
 wtr = eT

 Produced fluid gradient (GRADPROD)

GRAD prod = GRADwtr x WC + GRADOil (1 - WC )

 Solution GOR (Rs)

1.2048
 PIP   100.0125_AP1 
R s = SG gas    0.00091BHT 
 18   10 
8
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Some computations
 Oil formation volume factor (βO)
1.175
BO = 0.972 + 0.000147 F

For Rs<=GOR 0.5

 SG gas 
F = R s   + 1.25 * BHT
 SGOil 
For Rs>GOR 0.5
 SG gas 
F = GOR   + 1.25 * BHT
 SGOil 
 Gas compressibility facto (Z)
Z = CZ x (DZ )2 + EZ + 0.15
EZ = 214 x BZ
0.022 x PIP
DZ = - 3.5
14.65
CZ = 0.0694 - 17.6 BZ
BHT + 460
BZ = 9
203320
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Some computations
 Gas formation volume factor (βg)
0.0283 x Z x (BHT + 460)
Bg =
PIP
 Two phase formation volume factor (βt)
For Rs > GOR
t = O
For Rs < GOR
B g x (GOR - RS )
t = O +
5.6146

10
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Jet pump design step by step
1. From well data for production, QS, and pump intake pressure, PS and GOR,
calculate the minimum annular area to avoid cavitations

2. From the table of annular area, select nozzle and throat combination
which has an annular area greater than ASM
3. Calculate the pressure at the nozzle, PN, which is the sum of the
operating pressure (known from the available Pump [triplex or horizontal
pump]) plus the hydrostatic pressure in the tubing minus friction losses
in the tubing

11
Nozzle ↓ Throat Nozzle
Throat 1 2 3 No. Area Nom. Area
A R
AS
0.38
0.0088
0.29
0.0134
0.23
0.0186
1 1
2
0.0143
0.0189
A
A+
0.0055
0.0075
Throat 1 2 3 4 5 3 0.0241 B 0.0095

A+ R
AS
0.52
0.0068
0.40
0.0114
0.31
0.0166
0.24
0.0239
0.20
0.0305
2 4
5
0.0314
0.0380
B+
C
0.0109
0.0123
Throat 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 0.0452 C+ 0.0150

B R
AS
0.66
0.0048
0.50
0.0094
0.39
0.0146
0.30
0.0219
0.25
0.0285
0.21
0.0357
3 7
8
0.0531
0.0661
D
E
0.0177
0.0241
Throat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 0.0804 F 0.0314

B+ R
AS
0.76
0.0034
0.58
0.0080
0.45
0.0132
0.35
0.0205
0.29
0.0271
0.24
0.0343
0.21
0.0422
4 10
11
0.0962
0.1195
G
H
0.0452
0.0661
Throat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12 0.1452 I 0.0855

C R
AS
0.86
0.0020
0.65
0.0066
0.51
0.0118
0.39
0.0191
0.32
0.0257
0.27
0.0329
0.23
0.0408
5 13
14
0.1772
0.2165
J
K
0.1257
0.1590
Throat 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 0.2606 L 0.1963

C+ R
AS
0.79
0.0039
0.62
0.0091
0.48
0.0164
0.39
0.0230
0.33
0.0302
0.28
0.0381
0.23
0.0511
6 16
17
0.3127
0.3750
M
N
0.2463
0.3117
Throat 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 0.4513 P 0.3848

D R
AS
0.73
0.0064
0.56
0.0137
0.47
0.0203
0.39
0.0275
0.33
0.0354
0.27
0.0484
0.22
0.0627
7 19
20
0.5424
0.6518
Throat 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

E R
AS
0.77
0.0073
0.63
0.0139
0.53
0.0211
0.45
0.0290
0.36
0.0420
0.30
0.0563
0.25
0.0721
0.20
0.0954
8
Throat 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

F R
AS
0.69
0.0138
0.59
0.0217
0.48
0.0347
0.39
0.0490
0.33
0.0648
0.26
0.0881
0.22
0.1138
9
Throat 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

G R
AS
0.68
0.0209
0.56
0.0352
0.47
0.0510
0.38
0.0743
0.31
0.1000
0.26
0.1320
0.21
0.1713
10
Throat 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

H R
AS
0.69
0.0301
0.55
0.0534
0.46
0.0791
0.37
0.1111
0.31
0.1504
0.25
0.1945
0.21
0.2466
11
Throat 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

I R
AS
0.72
0.0340
0.59
0.0597
0.48
0.0917
0.39
0.1310
0.33
0.1751
0.27
0.2272
0.23
0.2895
12
Throat 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

J R
AS
0.71
0.0515
0.58
0.0908
0.48
0.1349
0.40
0.1870
0.34
0.2493
0.28
0.3256
0.23
0.4167
13
Throat 15 16 17 18 19 20

K R
AS
0.61
0.1016
0.51
0.1537
0.42
0.2160
0.35
0.2923
0.29
0.3834
0.24
0.4928
14
Throat 16 17 18 19 20

L R
AS
0.63
0.1164
0.52
0.1787
0.43
0.2550
0.36
0.3461
0.30
0.4555
15
Throat 17 18 19 20

M R
AS
0.66
0.1287
0.55
0.2050
0.45
0.2961
0.38
0.4055
16
Throat 18 19 20

N R
AS
0.69
0.1396
0.57
0.2307
0.48
0.3401
17
Throat 19 20 12
P R
AS
0.71
0.1576
0.59
0.2670
18
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Jet pump design step by step
4. The friction in the annular or tubing can be determined from,

Annular flow Tubing flow

D1 Casing I.D Tubing I.D
D2 Tubing O.D 0

5. Determine the power fluid rate, QN from,

6. Determine the returned flow rate, QD

13
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Jet pump design step by step
7. Determine the production gradient (pump suction),

8. Determine the returned flow fluid gradient, GD, from,

9. Calculate the returned flow WC, WCD

14
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Jet pump design step by step
10. Calculate the returned flow gas liquid ratio, GLR,

11. Determine the returned flow liquid viscosity for calculating friction
loss, μD from,

12. Calculate the pump discharge pressur PD pressur which is the sum of
hydrostatic pressure in the reurn conduit, the friction losses, and the
well head back pressure,

13. Calculate N (dimensionless pressure recover ratio) from,

15
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Jet pump design step by step
14. Calculate M (dimensionless mass flow ratio) from,

15. Calculate N (dimensionless pressure recover ratio), for the value of R

selected, using of M from step 11

16. Compare the current value of N with the N value from step 13. if the
difference is less than 0.5%, iteration is completed go to step 19
otherwise go to step 17.

16
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Jet pump design step by step
17. If the required is power fluid pressure, calculate new nozzle pressure
from equation,

Then go to step 5
18. If the required is PIP, calculate it from the equation,

Then go to step 3

19. Determine the new surface operating pressure (triples) from equation,

17
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Jet pump design step by step
20. Calculate the maximum non-cavitating flow from equation,

21. Calculate triplex HP assuming 90% efficiency from the equation,

18
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Glossary
AN = Nozzle flow area in2
AS = Throat annulus area (AT-AN) in2
ASM = Minimum throat annulus area to avoid cavitation in2
AT = Throat flow area in2
D = Vertical depth of well ft
D1 = ID of tubing or casing in
D2 = OD of inner tubing in annular flow in
GD = Gradient of returned mixed power fluid and producing fluid psi/ft
GLR = Returned flow gas liquid ratio scf/bbl
GN = Power fluid gradient at nozzle psi/ft
GO = Produced oil gradient psi/ft
GOR = Gas oil ratio scf/bbl
GS = Water gradient psi/ft
KN = Nozzle loss coefficient
KTD = Throat-diffuser loss coefficient 19
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Glossary
L = Tubing length ft
M = Dimensionless mass flow rate
N = Dimensionless pressure recovery ratio
PD = Pump discharge pressure psi
PF = Friction loss in tubing psi/ft
PFN = friction loss in power fluid tubing psi/ft
PFD = Friction loss in returned conduit psi/ft
PN = pressure at nozzle interance psi
PS = pump suction pressure (Pwf) psi
PT = Surface operating pressure (triplex pressure) psi
PWH = Well head pressure psi
QD = Flow rate from pump discharge bpd
QG = Flow rate of gas through pump bpd
QN = Flow rate through the nozzle bpd
QS = Producing flow rate bpd 20
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Glossary
QSC = Minimum non-cavitating pump suction flow rate bpd
R = Nozzle throat areas ration (AN/AT)
WC = Water cut (decimal)
WCD = Returned flow water cut
µD = Returned fluid viscosity cp
µO = Viscosity of oil cp
µW = Viscosity of water cp

21
Schematic Flow Diagram
23
 Lock & upper
seal

Sliding
sleeve
Standard Reverse
Circulation Circulation

Lower
seal

24
25
 Hydraulic Jet Pumping System
Lock mandrel assembly

Jet pump with lower seal

26
Nozzle ↓ Throat Nozzle
Throat 1 2 3 No. Area Nom. Area
A R
AS
0.38
0.0088
0.29
0.0134
0.23
0.0186
1 1
2
0.0143
0.0189
A
A+
0.0055
0.0075
Throat 1 2 3 4 5 3 0.0241 B 0.0095

A+ R
AS
0.52
0.0068
0.40
0.0114
0.31
0.0166
0.24
0.0239
0.20
0.0305
2 4
5
0.0314
0.0380
B+
C
0.0109
0.0123
Throat 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 0.0452 C+ 0.0150

B R
AS
0.66
0.0048
0.50
0.0094
0.39
0.0146
0.30
0.0219
0.25
0.0285
0.21
0.0357
3 7
8
0.0531
0.0661
D
E
0.0177
0.0241
Throat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 0.0804 F 0.0314

B+ R
AS
0.76
0.0034
0.58
0.0080
0.45
0.0132
0.35
0.0205
0.29
0.0271
0.24
0.0343
0.21
0.0422
4 10
11
0.0962
0.1195
G
H
0.0452
0.0661
Throat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12 0.1452 I 0.0855

C R
AS
0.86
0.0020
0.65
0.0066
0.51
0.0118
0.39
0.0191
0.32
0.0257
0.27
0.0329
0.23
0.0408
5 13
14
0.1772
0.2165
J
K
0.1257
0.1590
Throat 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 0.2606 L 0.1963

C+ R
AS
0.79
0.0039
0.62
0.0091
0.48
0.0164
0.39
0.0230
0.33
0.0302
0.28
0.0381
0.23
0.0511
6 16
17
0.3127
0.3750
M
N
0.2463
0.3117
Throat 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 0.4513 P 0.3848

D R
AS
0.73
0.0064
0.56
0.0137
0.47
0.0203
0.39
0.0275
0.33
0.0354
0.27
0.0484
0.22
0.0627
7 19
20
0.5424
0.6518
Throat 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

E R
AS
0.77
0.0073
0.63
0.0139
0.53
0.0211
0.45
0.0290
0.36
0.0420
0.30
0.0563
0.25
0.0721
0.20
0.0954
8
Throat 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

F R
AS
0.69
0.0138
0.59
0.0217
0.48
0.0347
0.39
0.0490
0.33
0.0648
0.26
0.0881
0.22
0.1138
9
Throat 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

G R
AS
0.68
0.0209
0.56
0.0352
0.47
0.0510
0.38
0.0743
0.31
0.1000
0.26
0.1320
0.21
0.1713
10
Throat 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

H R
AS
0.69
0.0301
0.55
0.0534
0.46
0.0791
0.37
0.1111
0.31
0.1504
0.25
0.1945
0.21
0.2466
11
Throat 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

I R
AS
0.72
0.0340
0.59
0.0597
0.48
0.0917
0.39
0.1310
0.33
0.1751
0.27
0.2272
0.23
0.2895
12
Throat 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

J R
AS
0.71
0.0515
0.58
0.0908
0.48
0.1349
0.40
0.1870
0.34
0.2493
0.28
0.3256
0.23
0.4167
13
Throat 15 16 17 18 19 20

K R
AS
0.61
0.1016
0.51
0.1537
0.42
0.2160
0.35
0.2923
0.29
0.3834
0.24
0.4928
14
Throat 16 17 18 19 20

L R
AS
0.63
0.1164
0.52
0.1787
0.43
0.2550
0.36
0.3461
0.30
0.4555
15
Throat 17 18 19 20

M R
AS
0.66
0.1287
0.55
0.2050
0.45
0.2961
0.38
0.4055
16
Throat 18 19 20

N R
AS
0.69
0.1396
0.57
0.2307
0.48
0.3401
17
Throat 19 20 27
P R
AS
0.71
0.1576
0.59
0.2670
18
 Single Vessel Schematic
Flow Diagram
8

1
Vessel

Chem
Pump
9
Power Fluid Used
Valve No. 2
Oil Water
10
[1] Closed Open
[2] Open Closed 5
[3] Closed Open Triplex
7
[4] Open Closed 4
3

[5] 0-20 PSI Differential Pressure 6

Cyclone
[6] Pressure Controller Cleaners

[7] 5000 PSI Relief Valve

[8] 200 PSI Relief Valve
Circulating
[9] Circulating Pump Inlet Shutoff Valve From Flow Pump
To Well Well Line
[10] Triplex Inlet Shutoff Valve

31