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This document is an internal assignment for the Physics subject at PM SHRI Kendriya Vidyalaya Warangal for the session 2024-25, submitted by E. Richaran. It covers the topic of motion, including its definition, types (rectilinear, circular, periodic, and rotational), and key concepts such as distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. The assignment includes examples and formulas related to these concepts.

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5 views5 pages

the file

This document is an internal assignment for the Physics subject at PM SHRI Kendriya Vidyalaya Warangal for the session 2024-25, submitted by E. Richaran. It covers the topic of motion, including its definition, types (rectilinear, circular, periodic, and rotational), and key concepts such as distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. The assignment includes examples and formulas related to these concepts.

Uploaded by

sricharansiddu29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA WARANGAL

INTERNAL ASSIGNMENT
SESSION 2024-25
SUB: PHYSICS

NAME:E.SRICHARAN
CLASS:9A
DATE OF SUBMISSION:06/12/2024

SUBMITTED TO
NARESH BANOTH
𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒑𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝟏: 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒
𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒. 𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑝ℎ𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑠, 𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒
𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦 — 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑛.

𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

1. 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓 (𝑳𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓) 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:


𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ.
o 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝐴 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑.
2. 𝑪𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ.
o 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝐴 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ.
3. 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒄 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒.
o 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝐴 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔.
4. 𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
o 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

𝑲𝒆𝒚 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

1. 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕:


o 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡, 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
 𝑺𝑰 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕: 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑚)
 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝐴 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑘𝑠 3 𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡.
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑠 3 + 4 = 7.
o 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 − 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠.
 𝑺𝑰 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕: 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑚)
 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑠
 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟓𝒎
2. 𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚:
o 𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒.
 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂: 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕: 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 (𝑚/𝑠)
o 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂: 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝐴 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ 𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ 𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡.
3. 𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

o 𝑫𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒.


o 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂: 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
o 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕: 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 (𝑚/𝑠²)
o 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝐴 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 0 𝑡𝑜 20 𝑚/𝑠 𝑖𝑛 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠:
20𝑚
− 0𝑚/𝑠
𝑎= 𝑠 = 4𝑠
5𝑠

𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

1. 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 − 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉:


o 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆: 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
o 𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆: 𝑁𝑜𝑛 − 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛).
2. 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 − 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉:
o 𝑯𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆: 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦.
o 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆: 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑) 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑).

𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒑𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝟐: 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑳𝒂𝒘𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑾𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆?

𝐴 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑢𝑠ℎ 𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒, 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒,


𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒.

 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕: 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 (𝑁)


 𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆𝒔:
o 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆: 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒.
o 𝑵𝒐𝒏 − 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆: 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒.

𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏′𝒔 𝑳𝒂𝒘𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

1. 𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏’𝒔 𝑭𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝑳𝒂𝒘 (𝑳𝒂𝒘 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂):


o 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕: 𝐴𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛
𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒.
o 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝐴 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑝𝑢𝑠ℎ 𝑖𝑡.
2. 𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏’𝒔 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝑳𝒂𝒘:
o 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
o 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
o 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂: 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
 𝐹 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝑁), 𝑚 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑘𝑔), 𝑎 = 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑚/𝑠²)
o 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝐴 5 𝑘𝑔 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 2 𝑚/𝑠² 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓:
o 𝐹 = 5 𝑘𝑔 × 2 𝑚/𝑠 = 10 𝑁
3. 𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏’𝒔 𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒅 𝑳𝒂𝒘:
o 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕: 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
o 𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆: 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑎𝑡, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑.
𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎

 𝑫𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡’𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦.


 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂: 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣
 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎: 𝐼𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚, 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛.

𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒑𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝟑: 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟.
𝐼𝑡 𝑔𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑛.

𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏′𝒔 𝑳𝒂𝒘 𝒐𝒇 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂𝒍 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕: 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚.
 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:
𝑚1𝑚2
𝐹=𝐺
𝑟
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
o 𝐺 = 6.67 × 10 𝑁𝑚 ⁄𝑘𝑔 (𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)
o 𝑚1, 𝑚2 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠
o 𝑟 = 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠

𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝑭𝒂𝒍𝒍

 𝑫𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑒.


.
 𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑫𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚: 𝑔 =

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒗𝒔. 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔

𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒚 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕

𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔

𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝐾𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 (𝑘𝑔) 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 (𝑁)

𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠? 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛,

𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ

𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠, 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠.

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑑

𝑝ℎ𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠.

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