DOORS AND WINDOWS

PRESENTED BY:
ROHIT SEKHAR
BT21CIV002
 DOOR
❖Door is a movable barrier secured in a wall opening.
❖FUNCTIONS:
1. They admit ventilation and light.
2. Controls the physical atmosphere within a space by enclosing it, excluding air crafts, so that interiors may
be more effectively heated or cooled.
3. They act as a barrier to noise.
4. Used to screen areas of a building for aesthetic purposes,keeping formal and utility areas separate.
 LOCATION OF DOOR IN A BUILDING

❖The number should be kept as minimum.

❖It should meet the functional requirement.
❖It should preferably be located at the corner of the room , nearly 20 cm from corner .
❖If in a room , more than 2 doors are there , they shall be located facing each other.
 COMPONENTS OF DOOR

❖DOOR FRAME
❖Head - the horizontal part of the door frame that sits at the top of the
door when it's closed.
❖Horn - It is the horizontal projection of the head or sill beyond the
face of the frame.
❖Rebate -the overlap occurs when two doors meet and close.
❖ Jamb - a jamb is the flat surface that runs vertically up either side
of the door frame.
❖Holdfast - a holdfast is a part of a door frame that holds the frame in
place in the wall.
 COMPONENTS OF DOOR

❖ DOOR SHUTTER
❖ The top rail is the horizontal piece of a door that sits at the very top of the door.
❖ A frieze rail is a horizontal bar on a door that is located below the top rail.
❖ Intermediate rail below the top-rail of a six-paneled framed door.

❖ A panel door is a door made up of panels that are framed by stiles and rails, and are
thicker than flush doors.

❖ The bottom rail of a door is the horizontal piece of wood that runs across the
bottom of the door, connecting the vertical stiles on either side and
the panels above.
❖ Style is the vertical pieces of the door with a vertical wood grain.
 DOOR FRAMES

❖Materials used for door frames are:

❖Timber
❖Steel
❖Aluminium
❖ Concrete
❖Stone
 TYPES OF DOORS

❖On the basis of working operations:-

❖Hinged doors:- Battened type ,framed and paneled , Glazed/sash ,Flushed ,Louvered
,Wire-guage .
❖Revolving doors
❖Sliding doors
❖Swing doors
❖Collapsible doors
❖Rolling shutter
 HINGED DOORS

❖ Most doors are hinged along one side to allow the door to pivot
away from the doorway in one direction but not in the other .The
axis of rotation is usually vertical.

❖ This is the most common door type. It is simple and rigid.

❖ The panel swings ,open and closes ,on hinges . Hinged doors
require a minimum amount of maintenance and cleaning , they are
not expensive , and have an excellent insulating ability.

❖ However , they take up precious room space to swing in .

 REVOLVING DOORS
❖ A revolving door normally has four wings/leaves that bang on the a
center shaft and rotate one way about a vertical axis within a round
enclosure . The central shaft is fitted with ball bearing arrangement at the
bottom , which allows the shutters to move without any jerk and making
noise.

❖ The radiating shutters may be fully paneled ,fully glazed or partly glazed .
The glass doors allow people to see and anticipate each other while
walking through . Vertical rubber pieces are provided at the rubbing end
of the shutter to prevent drought of air.
❖ Such types are provided in public buildings, like banks , museums ,hotels
,offices etc . People can walk out of and into the building at the same
time .The door closes automatically when not in use.
 SWING DOORS
❖ The shutter is fitted to its frame by special double action
hinges
❖ The hinges permits the shutter to move both ways , inward
as well as outward.
❖ The doors are not rebated at the meeting styles.
❖ To open the door , a slight push is made and the spring
action brings the shutter in closed position.
❖ The return of the shutter is with force and thus , the door
shall be either fully glazed or provided with a peep hole at
eye level, to avoid accidents.
 COLLAPSIBLE DOOR
❖ Such doors are used in garages , workshops , public buildings etc.
to provide increased safety and protection to property.

❖ The doors do not require hinges to close or open the shutter

nor the frame to hang them.

❖ Its acts like a steel curtain.

❖ The door is made up from vertical double channels , jointed

together with the hollows on the inside to create a vertical gap.

❖ The shutter operate between two rails, one fixed to the floor
and other to the lintel.
❖ Rollers are mounted at the top and bottom.
 ROLLING SHUTTER
❖ Rolling shutter door is commonly used for garages, godowns, shops
front show windows, etc. as they are quite strong and offer proper
safety to the property. The door shutter acts as a curtain and therefore
provides adequate protection and safety against fire and thefts.
This door is sufficiently strong and offer proper safety to glass and
interiors when closed. The rolling shutter door is made up of thin steel
slabs called laths or slats about 1.25mm thick interlocked to each other
and coiled upon specially designed pipe shaft drum mounted at the
top. The roller shutter moves on two vertical steel guide channels
installed at their ends. A horizontal shaft and spring in the drum allow
the roller shutter to be coiled in or out. This door is capable of being
rolled up at the top easily and causes no obstruction either in the
opening or in floor space.
 WINDOWS
❖A window is an opening in a building or vehicle that allows:
❖Natural light to enter.
❖Ventilation and airflow.
❖Views of the outside environment.
❖Temperature regulation.
 MATERIALS USED FOR WINDOWS

❖Components:
❖Frame
❖Sash (movable part)
❖Glazing (glass or other transparent material)
❖Hardware (hinges, handles, locks)
❖ Screens (insect or solar)
❖Materials:
❖Glass , Vinyl , Wood , Aluminium , Fiberglass .
 TYPES OF WINDOWS
• Types of windows are:-
• Fixed windows
• Pivoted windows
• Doubled – hung windows
• Sliding window or Slider
• Casement window –Glazed window , Louvered window , Metal
window , Bay window.
 FIXED WINDOW

❖In this type , the glass pane is permanently fixed in the opening
of the wall.
❖The shutter can not be opened or closed.
❖The function is limited to allowing light and or permit vision in
the room.
❖No rebates are provided to the frame.
❖The shutters are fully glazed.
❖In homes they are generally decorative windows near doors ,
stairwells and high places or are used in combination with
other styles.
 PIVOTED WINDOW
❖ In this type of window , the shutter is
capable of rotating about a pivot fixed to
window frame.
❖The frames has no rebate.
❖The shutter can swing horizontally or
vertically.
 DOUBLE –HUNG WINDOWS
❖It has two panes, top and bottom that slide up and down in tracks
called stiles.
❖The most common used windows today . When open , these
windows allow air flow through half of its size.
❖The two parts are not necessarily the same size.
❖Traditionally , each shutter is provided with a pair of
counterweights connected by cord or chain over pulleys.
❖When the weights are pulled , the shutters open to required level.
❖It is possible to have controlled ventilation.
 SLIDING WINDOW OR SLIDER
❖It has two or more sashes that
overlap slightly but slide horizontally
within the frame.
❖Suitable openings or grooves are left
in the frames or wall to accommodate
the shutters when are shutters are
opened
 CASEMENT WINDOWS

❖When fully opened ,offer the maximum amount of ventilation.

❖Operates like a hinged door , except that it opens and closes with
a lever inside the window.
❖The shutter consist of styles , top rail , bottom rail and
intermediate rail.
❖Depending upon the design , the frame can have additional
vertical and horizontal members that us mullion and transom
respectively.
❖The panels may be either glazed, unglazed , or partly glazed and
are fixed in the grooves made in rails and styles.
 GLAZED WINDOW
❖This is the type of casement window where panels are fully glazed.
❖The frames have styles ,top rail and bottom rail.
❖The space between the top rail and bottom rail is divided into
number of panels with smaller timber members called sash bars or
glazing bars.
❖The glass panels are cut 1.5-3.0 mm smaller in size than the panel
size to permit the movement of sash bars.
❖Glass panels are fixed to sash bars by putty or by timber beads.
 LOUVERED WINDOW

❖They are provided for the sole function of ventilation and not for
the vision outside.
❖The styles are grooved to receive a series of louvers which may
be of glass or wood slates.
❖The louvers are usually fixed at 45 inclination sloping download to
the outside to run off the rain water.
❖The windows provide light and ventilation even if closed.
❖Such windows are recommended for bath , WC, workshops etc,
where privacy is more important.
 METAL WINDOWS

❖Thes are very popular in public buildings and can be made up of

mild steel, stainless steel, aluminium, bronze etc.
❖Mild steel being cheapest of all ,they are widely used. The
windows can be fabricated for the required size using light rolled
steel sections.
❖They can be fixed directly to the wall opening in a wooden frame
or in the steel frame.
❖While fixing ,care has to be taken that the members of the frame
are not subjected to any structural loads to prevent damage.
 BAY WINDOW
❖The window projecting outward from the external walls.
❖Wide and decoratively impressive allow for 180 view.
❖A multi –panel window , with at least three panels set at
different angles to create an extension from the wall line.
❖It is commonly used in cold country where snows often
falls.
❖They may be triangular, circular, rectangular, or polygonal
in plan.
THANK
YOU