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The document covers key concepts in Natural Language Processing (NLP) including language models, word embeddings, syntax, semantics, sequence models, applications, evaluation metrics, and challenges. It also discusses blockchain and cryptography fundamentals, including cryptographic foundations, blockchain structure, consensus algorithms, smart contracts, security issues, and applications beyond cryptocurrency. The content provides a comprehensive overview of both NLP and blockchain technologies.

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15 views2 pages

Paragraph 3

The document covers key concepts in Natural Language Processing (NLP) including language models, word embeddings, syntax, semantics, sequence models, applications, evaluation metrics, and challenges. It also discusses blockchain and cryptography fundamentals, including cryptographic foundations, blockchain structure, consensus algorithms, smart contracts, security issues, and applications beyond cryptocurrency. The content provides a comprehensive overview of both NLP and blockchain technologies.

Uploaded by

asifrr.research
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Natural Language Processing (NLP)

3.1 Basics of NLP

 Language models, tokenization, stemming, lemmatization.


 Bag-of-words, TF-IDF.

3.2 Word Embeddings

 Word2Vec, GloVe, FastText.


 Contextual embeddings: ELMo, BERT, GPT.

3.3 Syntax and Semantics

 POS tagging, parsing, dependency trees.


 Named Entity Recognition (NER), coreference resolution.

3.4 Sequence Models

 RNNs, LSTMs, GRUs.


 Attention mechanism.
 Transformer architecture.

3.5 Applications

 Machine translation, sentiment analysis, question answering.

3.6 Evaluation Metrics

 Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, BLEU, ROUGE.

3.7 Challenges in NLP

 Ambiguity, context understanding, low-resource languages.

Blockchain and Cryptography

4.1 Cryptographic Foundations

 Symmetric vs asymmetric cryptography.


 Hash functions (SHA-256), digital signatures (RSA, ECDSA).

4.2 Blockchain Basics

 Structure of a block, hash chaining.


 Distributed ledger and consensus.
4.3 Consensus Algorithms

 Proof-of-Work (PoW), Proof-of-Stake (PoS).


 Byzantine fault tolerance.

4.4 Smart Contracts

 Ethereum, Solidity programming.


 Decentralized applications (dApps).

4.5 Security and Privacy

 51% attacks, Sybil attacks.


 Zero-knowledge proofs, zk-SNARKs.

4.6 Applications Beyond Cryptocurrency

 Supply chain, healthcare, identity verification.

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