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The document discusses various types of matrices, including definitions, properties, and operations such as addition and multiplication. It covers concepts like square matrices, diagonal matrices, identity matrices, and their respective characteristics. Additionally, it introduces advanced topics such as conjugate transposes and Hermitian matrices.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views22 pagesMatrix
The document discusses various types of matrices, including definitions, properties, and operations such as addition and multiplication. It covers concepts like square matrices, diagonal matrices, identity matrices, and their respective characteristics. Additionally, it introduces advanced topics such as conjugate transposes and Hermitian matrices.
Uploaded by
mridujahidmolla2003Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 22
] Types and kinds of motroees ¢ Detinition-
and preoperchies of Hittercent kinds of amottuices
Matreive 1-1) modnine is a reetongulare
orrey of numbercs (real orc compen)
enclosed O.paire off brenekets (ore ouble
werctical reals) and the number.’ in the
ort arce called -the embrcies ore tre
}element of the smote, thot is oak
hreectongular orneay of Lrreall orc
aomplex)
mumberes of the ferem
yp On eee wees
I : T
O24 “ag te .
Om, On
is called a malin, The numbers
Ma, O99... Ay OLE called the entries
ore the elements of jhe wodrivc, The
above. matrix. has m rows and 1
columns and is called on (mon)
amotuv (read “en by n am ost”).
Mhe mattre of m rows ond 1
columns jig said -o be of oteder hom: bye" ore tHxn. The. obove mod dye
|is also denoted * 7 ' ma 4
Bgl
VE
Row. eta a ‘a ‘modrine at Ol
jo ‘single ew is called O Wow, morrdy
lore Wow mee
iP |
‘
Pollarna viopokttee - “| sma consisting
ora single ie 16 called a column
mastroe er column — “yeeton).
cs ot “gah : alll (8 5
s a is 4
ig natu of ek (2x9) vere the
real! field IR. absor; ; over the eomplerc eld
Oe, .
she redud oF A! ore (4,0, 78) voKd (2,-3.7
ond Hs columns are (3), 1-4), C3), : Addition ond. 6ealare Se elilereng of
lame =
Addition of mechsices ie defined oly
foe the modrix havin “game number
of rows and the same soumbere of
columns. let A. and g be the two
: pmachices having ™m rows “od on! volumes,
he: -
Oy. ares,
A =L45] = | Os, Oy
pall: Om owing s
. . bi bi
B= bs 4 = iy }
4 [bs] ‘ ¥ =bo= bj
the bmp) brie
‘| then the .sum of A ond B is” \
Tot bi” Atha. se hpt bin
A+B = Og) + bay’ Dog Hb | 6. Aa + bon
Onyt bmy mgt bmg -- Oat bmn
“The rmutligaacion IDE Tae by numbercs
Scalareg ‘is défined 8 -PDllows)-¢>:
‘The preodteet- of om (men) snodrese By by
a umber k is denoted by KA ore, Ak
and js. the Gren) moti ‘oblained by
snaltipying ‘evér clement oof A by k, chet
Koy” Ka Katy
KA = Hey Kay, se KOyn
} Kom. Key = > Keng
Ne olso define -p =(-a)/p ond’ A-B =A+68)
gt the motriees Bi 80
,C@ are wnfsremoble
| fdr adition ond if kK is ony Sealare,
s shen we con ‘otote thot,
| O Are =e+A (:cornmetboHve lous)
@ (a+8) +c mia) (Resoc| ecive low)
| GidAto = OFA =A wt’
(y) klAte) = ka +KB = (A+8)K
“is the . zerco Bes
wherce 0
the “ome order .
+" oe Jai igh!
: 8 clap gh
then pea = [142 | Ca) +H vot
gal ns at,
4 2A n= . sh ie “|
yer gp aod. Ol) 6, 1,
bey
‘} ond p-g — {472 CO-F 4 -3
3-CR) Bo “4 ‘| og 4
Matrix, Mubtipliccdion | 2
Tuso vmnatreiees “@, and Bi ore « confdremoble
‘fare smuttipl caction it “the sAumberc’” of ‘columns
in A is equal +o the snumbere of rows
in 8,
' ? Dg by
et = =
: A =[ou s -. Lag) 3 ond. be ie
Fhe Ae * Laie co) th
Sy su] shON) = aT
isd
Again Let the -mxp “gnetriye A= [ai
and she, pat maou B p=pbs}, meh,
Ag is ithe. mxn styett eH ic i there
Oj3 O., 3 Bay HO, lA kea
4 i= 4,2...™
J=42....0
$f he matrices 9, B, care
_|oomforcmochle fore the indjaacted Sang
ond oducts, Wwe have. Ake Fdllo si
P "
preopercties 9
O (Aaye = Al Be) [reno low}
© Alt) = nes be
Wars Bane + ee
@ k (pe) = kA) a eA) waherce k is
ond 6 enl Oe . £21
> cree teste
Ficngse ot ge 4 is, on”
xn) that overe the real ‘Pld IR”
‘trea the “ns dmattix: “obtoined Reom :
the ratrive 9 by pearing its. reowe \
as columns ond fs Clumns as Tow Is
called the’ -bronspose of “A and 18 Ceroled
by he eymbl AT Ad de 8 L0G]
on mx mmetron then AT = [oi] is
is
nem rodrun . Fore eines let A= ; oF qd
12 ia
then At - o. 5 | :
Rul 5
“#6
Complent Sa Satine
mottin 3- ‘ =.
The edt of a complex. susie
z soph: is, s the Feonjugate of a
motix | A ff is the mato a whose
cleinerts ove respective the conjugates of
sthe clement of A, thot is —T ee [as |
then K = [ai] Fore exomples ff
4 i n
# A = | 2
a 12)
4 ,-c7I
Hhen Ao o= ; A
mo 4-24
[Peal mative tp matow A is called
real prides it _ satist es the relation
: Imeginare comin A ea A
‘dds,’ called imaginary. provided | * it .
; aatigiies, the relation a: er Kee
Conjugate treonspose. win eal "
amatu [Poa s= The conjagate of ‘the’
ae of oO er eis amottiox fis daid to be the. conjugote, ‘pore
of A back is gerry “devoted ae ‘he*
aymbl oR aha. is
at A= = [aa] a a sme | ‘amet, «hee
fete) = “Fi fore, cee = ,
4 : Ati 1, 8
PoE Ly a asi a, 4-9
Bay" ~e! aay 5]
|
os of 1 ot ociotts .
Square mote 2) Ay modrdye, ith HE
‘lene. vdwibere’ GP rows, and.) columns 1s
called ol equare rnattrce , ” 4
. . | -3 4
Fore exemnples Ss 4
» 2
L “52 . 4
ore, + square” ‘rot: eptangulare Maret ~ The namber of rows
Tend lumns of & tad need not be
equal. When mFn ie. the number of «
rows. ond .columng off the oreo “one
snot equal, Ahen the modo “16 known’ a6
the “reatorigelerc’ remoctruve Fare’ exornples +
1 i o 71. q-i a 2) 4
and | at { a
m2 8 om Of. i 2 0 F
ore. irectangulare. vmortreces._ |
onal moti 3 ff sqttore er
: a eleinents agi =a o tshen ida.
nok marae, Fore, i
cued dage
Pe gar ond.
Oe loE 7]. © “8 Oo] are
; : . Qed
diagonal motu
. BR diocional mmosttUvt, cuhose diagonal
elements ome ol equal is aalled a deatlore motu,
lent Usk) Hanheer'e oA! garter votre
whose elements ag = Mi dg and
ay = Ae amet nS called i ‘the identity
[wrote 3 Fore examples 47.
lh Oo 0° Ly
1 Oo ig a identity matrix of orcderc
oo 1} 3. oO &
Zerco [ avout. Moho: A wnodwx is uahigh
Kren clement ease is called: 0° “yl
——$ $$$ —$——
everc element is zerco
ren exompless-
matron | ore a. “geno. aia? PRE
£. J: b ond oe e of ome
. or ° | '
ani aval, ;
[Uppere anid” \idefe Jaro One
A gquorce mata whose elements = Oy Eo
fc a ¥ called on upperc “rion gulare motu ond = O quarce amon °
whose elements ay, =o orc i Zo is
* Yoabled’ 2 lowere - -drdeingulare vactndvt,
Fore vexormples t- . wees
2 3°55
0 A ~gf|'8 Upperc ribong ulare madnin
0 e 4 ond ( a
Zoo 3] nye!
3 1 Ofis lowere triangular reef,
PR OHO TB 4
equal as ¥e Paap ie o syuere
| peal guch “tet ay may fe
J4
