ENVIRONMENT

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

Words: climate change, deforestation, renewable energy, pollution, global warming,
biodiversity, carbon footprint, greenhouse effect, sustainable, fossil fuels
1. The increase in the Earth’s temperature due to trapped greenhouse gases is called
__________.
2. Cutting down large areas of forests is known as __________.
3. Solar and wind power are examples of __________.
4. Factories and vehicles contribute to air __________.
5. The variety of plant and animal life in an ecosystem is called __________.
6. The __________ refers to the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by an individual or
organization.
7. The __________ is caused by gases trapping heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.
8. To protect the environment, we should adopt __________ ways of living.
9. The use of __________ such as coal and oil leads to high levels of carbon emissions.
10. Rising temperatures and extreme weather patterns are signs of __________.
Exercise 2: Match the words with their definitions
A B

1. Air pollution a. The cutting down of trees in large areas

2. Global warming b. The process of gases trapping heat in the atmosphere

3. Greenhouse effect c. A rise in the Earth’s temperature due to emissions

4. Deforestation d. Energy sources that can be naturally restored

5. Renewable energy e. Contamination of the air due to harmful substances

Exercise 3: English-Vietnamese Exercise 4: Vietnamese-English

Translation Translation
1. Carbon dioxide 1. Ô nhiễm môi trường
2. Solar energy 2. Năng lượng gió
3. Extinction 3. Hiệu ứng nhà kính
4. Ecosystem 4. Mực nước biển dâng
5. Recycling 5. Phát thải khí nhà kính
6. Habitat destruction 6. Rác thải nhựa
 7. Ocean pollution 7. Rừng nhiệt đới
8. Waste management 8. Sự cạn kiệt tài nguyên
9. Climate crisis 9. Thay đổi khí hậu
10. Sustainability 10. Năng lượng tái tạo

Exercise 5: True or False

Instructions: Read the following passage and decide whether the statements below are True or
False.
Passage:
"Climate change is one of the biggest threats to our planet. Human activities, such as burning
fossil fuels and deforestation, release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
This contributes to the greenhouse effect, which traps heat and causes global temperatures to
rise. As a result, we experience more extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts,
and floods."
Statements:
1. Climate change is mainly caused by human activities.
2. The greenhouse effect helps cool the Earth.
3. Cutting down trees does not contribute to climate change.
4. Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent due to climate change.
5. Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas responsible for global warming.
Exercise 6: Multiple Choice (Reading Comprehension)
Instructions: Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question.
Passage:
"Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, are becoming more
popular as people seek alternatives to fossil fuels. These energy sources do not produce
harmful emissions and can be replenished naturally. Many governments are investing in clean
energy to reduce pollution and combat climate change."
Questions:
1. What are examples of renewable energy sources?
a) Coal, oil, and gas b) Solar, wind, and hydroelectric power c) Nuclear power
2. Why are renewable energy sources beneficial?
a) They produce high levels of pollution
b) They can be replenished naturally and do not produce harmful emissions
c) They are cheaper than fossil fuels
3. What are governments doing to reduce pollution?
a) Banning all forms of electricity
 b) Investing in clean energy
c) Encouraging people to drive more cars
Exercise 7: Word Formation
Instructions: Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in parentheses.
1. __________ (Pollute) is a major issue in big cities.
2. Deforestation leads to the __________ (destroy) of animal habitats.
3. Scientists warn that climate change will have __________ (danger) effects on the
planet.
4. We should use __________ (sustain) energy sources to protect the environment.
5. The government is taking action to reduce carbon __________ (emit).
Exercise 8: Sentence Completion
Instructions: Complete the sentences with your own ideas using the given words.
1. If we continue to cut down trees, __________.
2. The main cause of global warming is __________.
3. One way to reduce plastic waste is to __________.
4. Using renewable energy is important because __________.
5. To protect marine life, we should __________.
Exercise 9: Synonyms and Antonyms
Instructions: Find a synonym and an antonym for each word below.
Word Synonym Antonym

Pollution ________ ________

Renewable ________ ________

Sustainable ________ ________

Increase ________ ________

Harmful ________ ________

Exercise 10: Writing Task
Instructions: Write a short paragraph (100-150 words) answering the following question:
"What can individuals do to help protect the environment?"
Use at least five of the following words: climate change, renewable energy, pollution,
recycling, deforestation, carbon footprint, sustainability, conservation.
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct environmental vocabulary word.
 1. __________ is the process of cutting down trees on a large scale, leading to habitat
destruction.
2. The burning of __________ fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,
contributing to climate change.
3. __________ refers to the contamination of the environment due to human activities.
4. The __________ effect causes the Earth’s temperature to rise due to trapped gases in
the atmosphere.
5. Solar panels and wind turbines are examples of __________ energy sources.
6. Many marine animals suffer from __________ pollution due to plastic waste.
7. The destruction of natural habitats has led to a decline in __________, threatening
many species.
8. Factories that do not follow regulations contribute heavily to __________ pollution.
9. The ozone __________ helps protect us from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
10. __________ materials, such as banana leaves, can break down naturally and are
environmentally friendly.
Exercise 2: Match the words with their definitions
A (Word) B (Definition)

1. Renewable
a. The gradual increase in Earth's temperature due to human activities.
energy

2. Deforestation b. The cutting down of trees without replacing them.

3. Global warming c. Energy sources that can be replenished naturally, such as wind or solar.

4. Greenhouse
d. The trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere due to gases like CO₂.
effect

e. The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by an individual or

5. Carbon footprint
organization.
Exercise 3: English to Vietnamese Translation
1. Overuse of fossil fuels contributes to air pollution and climate change.
2. Renewable energy is a sustainable alternative to non-renewable resources.
3. Plastic waste in the ocean poses a serious threat to marine life.
4. The government should take action to reduce industrial pollution.
5. A high carbon footprint means excessive greenhouse gas emissions.
Exercise 4: Vietnamese to English Translation
1. Sự nóng lên toàn cầu đang gây ra các hiện tượng thời tiết cực đoan trên toàn thế giới.
 2. Chúng ta nên khuyến khích sử dụng các sản phẩm có thể phân hủy sinh học để bảo vệ
môi trường.
3. Ô nhiễm nguồn nước là một vấn đề nghiêm trọng ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe con người.
4. Các quốc gia cần hợp tác để giảm lượng khí thải carbon.
5. Sử dụng năng lượng tái tạo là một giải pháp bền vững cho tương lai.
Exercise 5: True or False (Reading Comprehension)
Instructions: Read the passage and decide whether the statements below are True or False.
Passage:
"The excessive use of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, has led to severe environmental issues.
These fuels release greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Many scientists
suggest switching to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power to reduce carbon
emissions. Additionally, deforestation increases carbon dioxide levels, worsening the
greenhouse effect."
Statements:
1. Fossil fuels help reduce pollution in the atmosphere.
2. Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming.
3. Renewable energy sources are harmful to the environment.
4. Deforestation increases carbon dioxide levels.
5. Scientists recommend burning more fossil fuels to improve air quality.
Exercise 6: Multiple-choice (Reading Comprehension)
Instructions: Choose the correct answer for each question based on the passage.
Passage:
"Air pollution is a major environmental issue caused by industrial activities, vehicle
emissions, and deforestation. It affects human health, leading to respiratory diseases. One way
to reduce air pollution is by using environmentally friendly energy sources like solar and wind
power. Another solution is planting more trees to absorb carbon dioxide."
Questions:
1. What is NOT a cause of air pollution?
a) Industrial activities b) Vehicle emissions c) Planting more trees
2. How does air pollution affect humans?
a) It improves respiratory health
b) It leads to respiratory diseases
c) It has no effect on health
3. What is one solution to air pollution?
a) Burning more fossil fuels
b) Using renewable energy sources
c) Increasing deforestation
 4. What role do trees play in reducing pollution?
a) They release carbon dioxide
b) They absorb carbon dioxide
c) They increase vehicle emissions
Exercise 7: Synonyms and Antonyms
Instructions: Write a synonym and antonym for each word.
Word Synonym Antonym

Pollution ____________ ____________

Sustainable ____________ ____________

Increase ____________ ____________

Harmful ____________ ____________

Renewable ____________ ____________

Exercise 8: Complete the sentences
Instructions: Complete the sentences using appropriate words from the vocabulary list.
1. The __________ of forests is causing many species to lose their natural habitat.
2. Many governments are investing in __________ energy to reduce dependence on
fossil fuels.
3. The __________ effect is responsible for trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
4. Factories that fail to follow regulations contribute significantly to __________
pollution.
5. A __________ footprint measures the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions
produced by an individual.
Exercise 9: Word Formation
Instructions: Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. We need to find __________ (sustain) solutions to reduce pollution.
2. Many endangered species face the threat of __________ (extinct).
3. Cutting down forests at an alarming rate leads to severe __________ (environment)
damage.
4. Using solar panels is an example of __________ (renew) energy.
5. Plastic bags take hundreds of years to __________ (degradable).
Exercise 10: Writing Task
Instructions: Write a short paragraph (80-100 words) on one of the following topics.
1. How can individuals reduce their carbon footprint?
2. The importance of renewable energy in the fight against climate change.
 3. The impact of plastic pollution on marine life.
Exercise 3: English to Vietnamese Translation
Instructions: Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese.
1. Excessive deforestation leads to a loss of biodiversity and contributes to climate
change.
2. Governments should implement sustainable waste management systems to reduce
pollution.
3. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions is causing global temperatures to rise.
4. Water pollution from industrial waste harms marine ecosystems and human health.
5. Using renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, can help combat
environmental degradation.
Exercise 4: Vietnamese to English Translation
Instructions: Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Việc phá rừng quá mức đang làm giảm đa dạng sinh học và góp phần vào biến đổi
khí hậu.
➡
2. Các chính phủ nên thực hiện hệ thống quản lý rác thải bền vững để giảm ô nhiễm.
➡
3. Sự gia tăng khí thải nhà kính đang khiến nhiệt độ toàn cầu tăng lên.

4. Ô nhiễm nước từ chất thải công nghiệp gây hại cho hệ sinh thái biển và sức khỏe con
người.
➡
5. Việc sử dụng nguồn năng lượng tái tạo, như năng lượng mặt trời và gió, có thể giúp
chống lại sự suy thoái môi trường.
➡
Exercise 11: Word Association
Instructions: Match each word in Column A with the word it is most commonly associated
with in Column B.
A (Word) B (Associated Word)

1. Deforestation a. Ozone layer

2. Greenhouse gases b. Solar panels

3. Biodiversity loss c. Wildlife extinction

4. Renewable energy d. Carbon dioxide

5. Air pollution e. Factory emissions

Exercise 12: Sentence Scramble
Instructions: Rearrange the words to form correct sentences about the environment.
1. contributes / climate change / The / of / greenhouse gases / increase / to.
2. energy / a / alternative / is / Renewable / fossil fuels / to.
3. pollution / Marine / ocean life / threatens / and / damages / ecosystems.
4. humans / environment / Industrial waste / the / and / harms.
5. cut / leads / down / trees / Deforestation / to / loss of habitat.
Exercise 13: Odd One Out
Instructions: In each set, choose the word that does not belong based on environmental
themes.
1. a) Solar power b) Wind energy c) Fossil fuels d) Hydropower
2. a) Air pollution b) Recycling c) Water pollution d) Deforestation
3. a) Carbon footprint b) Ozone layer c) Climate change d) Smartphone
4. a) Biodiversity b) Endangered species c) Sustainable farming d) Traffic congestion
5. a) Plastic waste b) Greenhouse gases c) Deforestation d) Solar panels
Exercise 14: Cause and Effect Matching
Instructions: Match each environmental problem in Column A with its likely effect in
Column B.
A (Cause) B (Effect)

1. Deforestation a. Marine species dying

2. Air pollution b. Loss of habitat for animals

3. Water pollution c. Global temperatures rising

4. Climate change d. Respiratory diseases

5. Plastic waste e. Contaminated drinking water

Exercise 15: Writing Task (Sentence Expansion)
Instructions: Expand the given sentences using appropriate environmental vocabulary.
1. Plastic pollution is a big problem. → (Expand with a reason and example)
2. Deforestation affects the environment. → (Explain its effects on climate and wildlife)
3. People should use renewable energy. → (State benefits and how it helps combat
climate change)
4. Water pollution is dangerous. → (Describe the causes and consequences)
5. Governments should take action against air pollution. → (Suggest specific policies or
solutions)
Exercise 16: Sentence Completion
 Climate change Air pollution Water pollution Land degradation
 Greenhouse gas emissions Renewable energy Deforestation
 Biodiversity Sustainable Waste management
1. The increase in __________ has led to unpredictable weather patterns worldwide.
2. Major cities are grappling with severe __________ due to excessive vehicle
emissions.
3. Untreated industrial waste contributes significantly to __________, harming aquatic
life.
4. Overuse of chemical fertilizers has accelerated __________, reducing soil fertility.
5. Transitioning to __________ sources like wind and solar can reduce dependency on
fossil fuels.
6. Excessive __________ in tropical regions threatens numerous species with habitat
loss.
7. Implementing effective __________ practices can minimize landfill usage and
promote recycling.
8. Protecting __________ ensures the survival of various plant and animal species.
9. Reducing __________ is crucial to mitigate the effects of global warming.
10. Adopting __________ agricultural methods helps preserve the environment for future
generations.
Exercise 17: Matching Causes and Effects
Instructions: Match each environmental issue in Column A with its corresponding effect in
Column B.
A (Cause) B (Effect)

1. Deforestation a. Loss of habitat for wildlife

2. Air pollution b. Respiratory health problems in humans

3. Water pollution c. Contamination of drinking water sources

4. Climate change d. More frequent and severe weather events

5. Land degradation e. Reduced agricultural productivity

Exercise 18: True or False
Instructions: Determine whether the following statements are True or False.
1. Sustainable practices aim to meet current needs without compromising future
generations' ability to meet theirs.
2. Greenhouse gas emissions have no impact on global temperatures.
 3. Effective waste management can help reduce environmental pollution.
4. Deforestation contributes to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
5. Renewable energy sources are infinite and do not deplete over time.
Exercise 19: Synonyms and Antonyms
Instructions: For each environmental term, provide a synonym and an antonym.
1. Pollution
o Synonym: ________________________
o Antonym: ________________________
2. Sustainable
o Synonym: ________________________
o Antonym: ________________________
3. Degradation
o Synonym: ________________________
o Antonym: ________________________
4. Conservation
o Synonym: ________________________
o Antonym: ________________________
5. Emissions
o Synonym: ________________________
o Antonym: ________________________
Exercise 20: Short Answer Questions
Instructions: Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
1. What are some common sources of air pollution in urban areas?
2. How does deforestation contribute to climate change?
3. Why is biodiversity important for ecosystems?
4. What are the benefits of using renewable energy sources?
5. How can individuals reduce their carbon footprint?
Exercise 21: Sentence Transformation
Instructions: Rewrite the sentences using the given word without changing the meaning.
1. Factories release a lot of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. (emissions)
➡ ___________________________________________________________
 2. Many people still throw plastic waste into the ocean. (dispose of)
➡ ___________________________________________________________
3. The government should take action to stop illegal logging. (deforestation)
➡ ___________________________________________________________
4. Using renewable energy helps reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. (alternative)
➡ ___________________________________________________________
5. Air pollution causes serious health problems. (results in)
➡ ___________________________________________________________
Exercise 22: Categorization
Instructions: Put the words into the correct category:
Word Bank: solar power, deforestation, recycling, pollution, wind energy, biodiversity,
landfill, water pollution, waste management, climate change
Natural Disasters & Environmental Issues Solutions & Sustainable Practices

Exercise 23: Correct the Mistakes

Instructions: Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences below.
1. Fossil fuel is a renewable source of energy.
➡ ___________________________________________________________
2. Deforestation helps increase biodiversity.
➡ ___________________________________________________________
3. Plastic waste decomposes quickly in nature.
➡ ___________________________________________________________
4. Wind turbines contribute to air pollution.
➡ ___________________________________________________________
5. Climate change has no impact on rising sea levels.
➡ ___________________________________________________________
Exercise 24: Picture Description
Instructions: Look at the following environmental images (you can imagine or find related
pictures). Describe what is happening using at least three vocabulary words from the
environmental topic.
1. A factory releasing smoke into the air.
2. A beach covered with plastic waste.
3. A wind farm with several wind turbines.
 4. A rainforest being cut down.
5. A group of volunteers cleaning up a polluted river.
Exercise 25: Word Formation Challenge
Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. The __________ (pollute) of rivers and lakes has led to the death of many fish species.
2. Many endangered species are at risk of __________ (extinct) due to habitat loss.
3. People need to be more __________ (awareness) of their carbon footprint.
4. Governments should focus on __________ (sustain) development to protect future
generations.
5. Overpopulation has led to increased energy __________ (consume).
Exercise 26: Debate Practice
Instructions: Choose one of the topics below and write 3-5 key arguments for and against it.
 Topic 1: Should plastic bags be banned worldwide?
 Topic 2: Is nuclear energy a sustainable solution to climate change?
 Topic 3: Should governments impose strict laws to reduce deforestation?
 Topic 4: Is electric vehicle adoption the best way to reduce air pollution?
 Topic 5: Should individuals be taxed based on their carbon footprint?
Exercise 27: Gap-Fill Dialogue
Instructions: Complete the dialogue using the appropriate environmental vocabulary.
A: Have you noticed how bad the air quality has been lately?
B: Yes! I think it’s because of increased __________ (1). There are too many factories and
cars releasing __________ (2) into the air.
A: That’s true. We should switch to __________ (3) energy sources like wind and solar to
reduce pollution.
B: Exactly! Also, planting more trees can help absorb __________ (4) and improve air
quality.
A: Right! If we don’t take action, __________ (5) will continue to worsen, leading to extreme
weather events.
Exercise 28: Environmental Idioms & Phrasal Verbs
Instructions: Match the idioms/phrasal verbs with their meanings.
Idioms/Phrasal Verbs Meanings

1. Go green a. Become worse

2. A drop in the ocean b. Take care of the environment

3. Wipe out c. Destroy completely

4. Cut down on d. Make small improvements but not enough

Idioms/Phrasal Verbs Meanings

5. Take a toll on e. Reduce the amount of something

Exercise 29: Ranking Task
Instructions: Rank the following environmental problems from most to least concerning (1-
5), and explain your choice.
 Climate change
 Deforestation
 Plastic pollution
 Air pollution
 Water scarcity
Exercise 30: Role-Playing Scenarios
Instructions: Role-play the following scenarios using environmental vocabulary.
1. You are an environmental activist. Convince your friend to stop using plastic bottles.
2. You are a mayor. Explain your new policy to promote renewable energy in your city.
3. You are a factory owner. Justify why your company is working to reduce carbon
emissions.
4. You are a student. Persuade your school to introduce a recycling program.
5. You are a journalist. Interview a scientist about the effects of global warming.