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Practice Question UNIT-2

The document contains a series of practice questions related to algebraic structures, including groups, monoids, and recurrence relations. It covers topics such as isomorphism, generating functions, and properties of specific groups like cyclic and abelian groups. Additionally, it includes exercises on solving difference equations and exploring the characteristics of various algebraic systems.

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keshavbudhiraja4321
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3 views4 pages

Practice Question UNIT-2

The document contains a series of practice questions related to algebraic structures, including groups, monoids, and recurrence relations. It covers topics such as isomorphism, generating functions, and properties of specific groups like cyclic and abelian groups. Additionally, it includes exercises on solving difference equations and exploring the characteristics of various algebraic systems.

Uploaded by

keshavbudhiraja4321
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS (UNIT-2)

1. Solve the following difference equation �� + 5��−1 + 6��−2 = 3�2 −


2� + 1.
2. Let a *H and b*H be two cosets of H then either a * H and b * H are
disjoint or they are identical.
3. Illustrate Isomorphism and also describe when Isomorphism becomes
Automorphism.
4. Consider the set G = { 1, -1, i, -i}, show that G is a group
under multiplication.
5. Find the generating function of �� = 2� + 3�, r ≥ 0.
6. Show that the cube root of unity is an abelian group under multiplication.
7. If two elements a and b in a group commute, then show that a and b-1 also
commute.
8. Find the solution for the recurrence relation
�� = 6��−1 − 9��−2; �0 = 2, �1 = 3
9. Find all the generators of the cyclic group ( G = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, +6)
10.Define cyclic group of order n with an example.
11. In Z we define a * b =a + b + 1, show that ( Z , * ) is an abelian group.
12. Solve ��+2 − 2��+1 + ��= 2� where �0 = 2, �1 = 1 by using generating
function.
13. Consider an algebraic system (G, *), where G is the set of all non-zero
real numbers and * is a binary operation defined by a * b =ab/4. Show
that (G, *) is an abelian group.
14. Solve S(k) – 7 S(k – 1) +10 S(k – 2) = 6 + 8k
15. Solve , with initial condition
16. Prove that G = is a finite abelian group of order 6 under
multiplication modulo 7.
17. Solve the following recurrence relation
Q(J) – Q(J – 1) – 12Q(J – 2) = ( -3)J + 6 . 4J
18. Define the following with the help of suitable example
(i) Normal subgroup
(ii) Isomorphism
(iii) Cyclic Group
(iv) Group
19. Describe that (Z,+) is a group but (Z,×) is not a group.
20. When a group is called Abelian.
21. Discuss regarding addition table of Z4.
22. Discuss the recurrence relation for Fibonacci Number.
23. If F(n) is defined recursively by F(0)=1 and F(n+1)=F(n)+2, Tabulate the
values of F(1) and F(2).
24. Define a linear homogeneous recurrence relation of degree k with
constant coefficient.
25. When a linear recurrence relation of degree k with constant coefficient is
called non-homogeneous.
26. Define generating function for a sequence.
27. Describe the general solution and particular solution of a
recurrence relation.
28. Give a general solution for the recurrence relation xr  5xr1  6xr2  0
29. If a, b ∈ group G, then prove that (��)−1 = b-1 a-1
30. Discuss that an  3.2n  (1)n is a solution of the recurrence relation
an  an1  2an2 , a0  2, a1  7 .

31. Let (A, *) be a monoid such that for every x  A , x * x = e, where e is the
identity element. Show that (A, *) is an abelian group.
32. Consider the algebraic structure (5 ,,) where 5 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} and +,
 are addition and multiplication modulo 5. Write down the addition and
multiplication table for 5 .
33. If for every pair of elements x, y in a group G (x.y)2  x 2 .y 2 holds, show
that G is abelian.
34.Solve
S(k) – S(k – 1) - 12 S(k – 2) = (1+k)(4)k
35.If G is a group of even order then prove that it
has an element a  e satisfying a2 = e.
36.If G has no nontrivial subgroups then show
that G must be finite of prime order.
37. Suppose G is the generating function for the sequence 4, 7, 10, 13, 16,
19,…, the find a generating function (in terms of G) for the sequence of
differences between terms.
38. Find the sequence generated by 1/1−x2−x4., assume that 1, 1, 2, 3, 5,
8,… has generating function 1/1−x−x2.
39.Prove that every subgroup of an abelian group is a normal subgroup.
40.If H and K are two subgroups of G then prove H ⋂ K is also a subgroup of
G.
41.If G is a group, then prove that N (a) = {x є G: xa = ax} is a subgroup of
G, where N (a) is called the normalizer of a in G.
42.Find the generating function of the sequence 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, .............…
43.Find generating function of the recurrence relation Tn = 4(Tn - 1 - Tn - 2),
subject to initial condition Tn = 1 for n = 0, 1.
44. Let * be the operation on the set R of Real numbers defined by
a*b=a+b+2ab
a) Find 2*3, 3*(-5), 7*(1/2)
b) Is (R, *) a semi group? Is it commutative?
c) Find the identity element
d) Which elements have inverse and what are they?
45. Prove that the inverse element of a group is unique.
46.If G be a group of order 4, G = {e, a, b, ab} where a2 = b2 = e and ab = ba,
then determine Automorphism of group G.
47. If a, b are elements of a monoid M and a * b = b * a. Show that
(a * b) * (a * b) = (a * a) * (b * b).
48. Let S = N X N, the set of ordered pairs of positive integers with the
operation * defined by (a, b)*(c, d)=(ad + bc , bd)
a) Find (3,4)*(1,5) and (2,1)*(4,7)
b) Is S a semi group? Is S commutative?
49. A subset H of a group G is a Surbgroup of G iff
1) The identity element e € H
2) H is closed under the same operation as in G.
3) H is closed under inverse i.e., if a € H, then a-1 € H..
50.Let S = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} & * denote “multiplication modulo 8
i.e. x * y = (xy) mod 8. Check whether the above algebraic structure
form the group or not?
51.(i) Explain the following terms in algebraic system:
a) Isomorphism
b) Homomorphism
c) Automorphism
(ii) G is the multiplicative group of cube-root of unity i.e., (G, o) = ({1, w,
w2}, *) where
w3 = 1 & G’ is an additive group of integers modulo 3 i.e., (G’, o’) = ({1,
2, 3}, +3). Prove that G ≅ G’ (G is isomorphic to G’).

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