Confidential

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

CIVIC EDUCATION 2030/1

PAPER 1

MARKING SCHEME
2024

Page 1 of 9
SECTION A [20 MARKS

1 A 11 B
2 C 12 C
3 B 13 B
4 D 14 D
5 B 15 D
6 C 16 A
7 B 17 C
8 D 18 D
9 D 19 D
10 A 20 D

SECTION B [40 MARKS]

There are five questions in this section. Answer all the questions

1 With reference to corruption, answer the following questions

(a) Unnecessary long procedure

- Some procedures that officers expected to follow in workplaces may

unnecessarily be too long. [2]
(b) Abuse of power
- If there is excessive concentration of power in the hands of an individual, he or
she may hinder investigation of corrupt practices. [2]
(c) Public reaction
- Public view about corruption plays a very important role in fighting corruption. In
Zambia corruption is tolerated by some people [2]
(d) Lack of press freedom
- The media should investigate corrupt practices freely. In countries where press
freedom is lacking, the press is not free to expose corrupt practices . [2]
[ Total: 8 marks]

2 (a) What is substance abuse?

- Taking something often that your body does not need and for the wrong reasons,
if you medicine when you are not supposed to. [2]

(b) Heroin is a drug that is produced when modifying morphine through a chemical

Process. What is the name of the process in the statement above?

- Acetylation

(c) Mention two ways how heroin is taken by the abusers

- Smoking, sniffing, swallowing and injection [ Any one ] [2]

Page 2 of 9
 (d) What do we call a situation where an individual entirely depends on substances

- Dependence or addiction [2]

(e) Identify two institutions that fight against substance abuse in Zambia.

- Planned parental hood Association of Zambia [PPAZ]

- Youth alive

- Young women Christian Association. [YWCA]

- Young Men Christian Associations. [YMCA]

- Churches, Sports in Action, Youth media and Society for Family Health. [2]

[ Any two] Total:8 marks]

3. Explain the following elements of a good legal system.

(a) Certain [2]

– Citizens ought to know clearly what is prohibited by law. A law should

not be so ambiguous or vague that it is only fully understood and
interpreted by a small number of people in society.
(b) Accessible [2]

- It should be readily available to members of the public. This means that it

should also be affordable.
(c) Flexible [2]

– Laws must keep up with social change and therefore, they should
change with time.
(d) Simple [2]

–
The form of language used should be one that can be easily understood
by many people in society.
4. (a) What is Constituency Development Funds?

- Central Government Funds given to the Members of Parliament for expenditure in

their constituencies [2]

(b) Briefly explain the benefits of Constituency Development Funds to the local people

In Zambia

Page 3 of 9
 - Provide important opportunities to make service delivery more responsive to the
public
- Strengthens decentralisation where local people come up with them on projects
- Provide economic development at community and district level
- Enhance business credibility
- It enables vulnerable children finish their education i.e. grade twelve and higher
levels
- Provision of market shelters and skills
- Entrepreneurs use Constituency Development Funds as (grants) to attract more
substantial investment [ Any three] [6]
[ Total:8 marks]

5.

(a) What form of violence is depicted on the picture above? [1]

- Physical Violence
(b) Mention two other common forms of violence other the one mentioned above. [2]

- Psychological violence
- Structure violence
(c) Outline two effects of gender based violence. [2]

- Oppression of the spouse.

- The abused may be fearful and angry
- Sexual violence contributions to the spread of HIV/AIDS and STIs.
- Physical, mental injury and death
- Permanent disability
- Un planned pregnancies
- Suicide
- Depression or trauma
- Loss of self-esteem and confidence.
- Family disruption, for example divorce.
Any 3

(d) Suggest any two ways of reducing gender based violence. [2]

- Speaking about the problem.

- Sensitizing the community about gender violence and the need to work
together to stop the vice.
- Assisting couples to discuss and resolve their problems.
- Reporting cases of violence to the police victim support unit for legal action
and counseling.

Page 4 of 9
 - Encourage victims to go for legal advice to NGOs or drop in Centre’s
dealing with gender based violence.

Any 2
(e) Mention one institution that addresses gender based violence.
[1]

- Victim Support Unit

- Young Women Christian Association
- Young Men Christian Association
- Legal Aid Clinic for women
- Other NGOs.

Any 1
[ Total : 8 marks]

SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS [ 40 MARKS]

This section consists of five essay questions. Answer any two (2 ) questions.

1. (a) Examine the categories of citizen’s rights and freedom.

Categories and freedoms

- Natural rights: These are right that are enjoyed by individuals in the state of nature. These
rights existed before the establishment of countries. They are natural and essential to an
individual
- Moral rights: Rights acknowledged by the moral sense of the people.
They exist due to customs, long usage and strength of public opinion. No legal action can be
taken against violation of moral rights but society will condemn the people with bad
behaviour
- Legal rights: Are privileges given by the government of the nation. Since legal rights are
recognised by the states, the police and the judiciary ensure their enforcement [6]

(b) How can a citizen show good morality and patriotism

Ways in which good morality and patriotism can be shown

- Respect the rights of other citizens

- Pick up litter and sell it for recycling or throw it to designated places
- Ensure that the environment is clear at all times
- Working hard, in everything they do without being supervised
- Takes care of public resources and guards them jealously
- Try to stay health by preventing sexually transmitted diseases, eat well and do exercises

Page 5 of 9
 - Avoid abuse of substances
- Take part in the affairs of the country for instance they register as voters
- Report case of crime to the relevant authorities
- Ensure peace always
- Carry out with discipline and honestly legal public functions
- Assist in the enforcement of laws at all times
- Adhere to moral principles and values of one’s society
- Must refrain oneself from bad behaviour
- Be patriotism [14]
[Total:20 marks]

2. (a) What are human rights?

- Are entitlements that one has simply because one is a human being [2]

(b) Explain the historical background of human rights

- Human rights have always existed. They are inherent, universal and inalienable.

- This means that human rights do not belong to any one particular group of people, race

or nationality

- Throughout the history of mankind one can see through rules and laws that elements of

human rights were acknowledged.

- In religion such as Christianity, Hindu and Islam exist the ‘golden rule’ Do unto others as
you would have them do unto you which show existence of human rights
- It also includes the Babylonian cod of Hammurabi and the Analects of Confucius ancient
religion of China
- Existence of other documents also show that human rights existed as well ss follow;
- The Magna Carta of 1912 was the earliest document in the world in which human rights
were recognised
- The Charter of Mande was another document to outline individual human rights which
were guaranteed by the King of Mali Sundiata Keita.
- Apart from these were documents such as English Bill of rights, French declaration on the
rights of man and the USA Constitution also recognised existence of human rights
- However, human rights we know them today is because of what happened during the
Second World War where about 6 million Jews and other people were killed by the Nazi
soldiers under Hitler.
- With such governments decided to give their time and energy to establish the United
Nations in 1945 with a view to promote international peace and prevent conflict.
- As a result, the United Nations was Charter was drawn in 1945
- Members countries of the United Nations promised to promote and respect human rights
- Members formed a Commission on Human Rights and gave it the duty to draft a document
putting in writing the meaning of fundamental rights and freedom that had been declared
in charter.

Page 6 of 9
 - Eleanor Roosevelt chaired the meeting a wife of a former American President Franklin
Roosevelt
- The commission came up with Universal Declaration of Human Rights which was adopted
by the United Nation on 10th December 1945
- This meant that how a government treated its own citizens was no longer a domestic issue
but a matter of international concerns as a way to promote human rights
[Total:20 marks]

3 (a) Explain the Intestate Succession Act.

- The Act was enacted by the Zambia Parliament on May 14, 1989, in order to make a
provision for a law
- It’s a stipulated guide meant to facilitate ways of ensuring adequate financial and

property sharing for the surviving spouses, children, parents of the deceased and any

relatives of the deceased person. [4]

(b) Describe practical challenges and limitations of the Intestate Act

- Customary Law of inheritance in practice in Zambia does not protect the widows and

and the orphans. Property grabbing is still rampant though existence of the Act

- A common law marriage where a single man and woman live together as husband
and wife without marriage payments. This is referred to as co-habitation.
- However, courts do not recognise such marriages for no payment was made
- Meaning a surviving spouse will be denied of a share from the deceased person.
- Children born out of wedlock if not known or recognised by the surviving spouse, do
not benefit from the property of their deceased parent and the law is not protective
- Section 2 of the intestate Act does not protect women over the control of
traditional land
- Women are denied access to traditional land left by their deceased husbands
- Section 10 of the Intestate Act provides for the surviving spouse to have life interest
in the property like the house but in practice if she or he remarries she or he loses
the right to the house.
- Section 29 of the Intestate Act provides for the punishment of erring administrators.
- However, in practice this does not usually happen for fear of breaking customs and
cultural norms
- The Intestate Act supports the legality of polygamous marriage.
- This deprives the first wife of her rightful status and position in a marriage
- The Act does not have a provision for assistance of the vulnerable children
- Some of these children have no relatives to support them and hence find
themselves in an economic crisis [ 16]
[Total:20 marks]
4. (a) What is capital?

Page 7 of 9
 - Is a human made resource

- Capital includes machines and industrial buildings that contribute to production

- Capital is divided into two working and fixed capital [6

]

(b) Discuss various factors that hinder capital formation

- Poverty: Situation where people lack basic needs and cannot, therefore enter into
any

Business

- Low income: People who gets low income have little or nothing to save

- Consumption habits: people who take expensive food, or drinks and buy expensive
cars

Will not money to invest

- Extended family system: people who keep a large family it’s difficult for them to save

Capital for investment

- No future plan: People who have no future plans cannot save for investment

- Lacking knowledge of saving for investment

- Social status: High income groups tend to spend a lot of money on expensive goods
like

cars and clothes to maintain their status

- Large quantities of imported finished goods [ 14

]

[Total:20 marks]

5. (a) Describe poverty.

- Poverty is a condition of life so limited by malnutrition, illiteracy, disease. Squalid

Surrounding, high infant mortality and low life expectation

- Poverty is specific to a country and associated with the negative aspect of human

Development
[4]

Page 8 of 9
 (b) Analyse the effects of poverty.

- Hunger or food insecurity

- High unemployment levels

- Increase in crime

- Conflict in the society

- Increase in corruption and vandalism

- Increase in dependence syndrome

- Low life expectancy due to low standard of living and other factors

- Increase in prostitution (commercial sex)

- Lack of access to basic needs like food, shelter, clean water, education and healthy

Facilities

- Breakdown of the extended family support system

- Depletion of natural resources due to more people exploiting the inadequate
Resources
- Increase in child labour
[16]
[Total:20 marks]

Page 9 of 9