REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020
A conceptual study on Charakokta Bhaishajya
Pareeksha Vidhi and it’s significance
Dr. Gurudevi S. Patil1, Dr. Shashidhar Naik2, Dr. D. N. Dhari3, Dr. Amit S. Biradar4
1
Post Graduate Scholar, 2Professor & Head, 3Associate Professor, Dept, of PG studies in Dravyaguna, BLDEA’s AVS
AMV, Vijayapur, 4Assistant Professor, Dept. of Samhita Siddhanta, TSPM AMC, Sindagi, Karnataka, INDIA.
ABSTRACT
Ayurveda is a holistic science which explains Karana Dravyas and Karya Drayas in its basic principles.
Dravya (drug) one which gives shelter (Ashraya) to Guna and Karma in an inherent relation.[1]
Dravyaguna Shashtra is the science which mainly deals with Dravya, Guna, Karma, Rasa, Veerya,
Vipaka of drug in detail.[2] The Prakruti and action of Dravya mainly depends on its Panchabhoutika
constituents, Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka, Prabhava etc. of Dravya. For Dravyabhuta Chikitsa Dravya
should be examined for the factors like Prakruti (nature of Dravya), Guna (Qualities of Dravya),
Prabhava (Specific actions), Desha (Habitant or place of growth), Rutu (Season of collection), Gruhita
(mode of collection), Nihita (Method of preservation), Upaskrutya (Method of Processing), Matra
(Dosage), Doshaapakarshana, Upashamana all these factors should be assessed properly before
selecting a Dravya for Chikitsa.[3] According to Ayurveda, Bhashajya or Dravya placed as important
among Chikitsa Chatuspada. The Dravya is basic need for the Chikitsa without which Chikitsa is not
possible so to have better therapeutic results in treatement Bhaishajya Pareeksha Vidhi plays a major
role. Acharya Charaka has explained Bhaishajya Pareeksha Vidhi or Dravya Pareeksha Vidhi in detail in
Charaka Vimana 8/87 which has great significance in thearapeutic results by selecting drug for
Chikitsa after considering Charakokta Bhaishajya Pareeksha Vidhi.
Key words: Bhaishajya Pareeksha Vidhi, Dravya, Dravyabhuta Chikitsa.
INTRODUCTION Aushadhopayogi Dravya the classification which helps
Ayurveda is one of the Anicient science which aims at in achieving the aim of Ayurveda. In Samhitas and
mainly maintaining health of healthy persons and Nighantus there are inturn detail classification of
curing the diseased one i.e “Swasthasya Swasthya Ahara Varga Dravyas and Aushadha Varga Dravyas.[5]
Rakshanam Aaturasya Vikara Prashamanam”.[4] To Each and every Dravyas have been certain qualities,
achieve this aim mainly Dravya is the basic need place of origin, season of growth, time of collection
where Ayurveda mainly classifies innumerable where at particular time they will be rich with there
classification of Dravya among that Aharopayogi and constituents, proper storage, dosage all these have
been explained in our Ayurvedic literature by our
Address for correspondence:
Dr. Gurudevi S. Patil
Acharyas 1000 years ago. When Dravya is Sampanna
Post Graduate Scholar, Dept, of PG studies in Dravyaguna, with its all these factors then only it will helps in
BLDEA’s AVS AMV, Vijayapur, Karnataka, INDIA. maintaining Swasthyata and for Vyadhi Prashamana.
E-mail:
[email protected] The definition of Bhaishaja states that Bhaishajyam
Submission Date: 21/07/2020 Accepted Date: 23/08/2020
Access this article online Yad Aarogyaya Kalpate[6] i.e. one which attains the
Quick Response Code health. In order to achieve this perfect health,
Website: www.jaims.in Charakokta Bhaishajya Pareeksha Vidhi is helpful
principle which is explained by Acharya Charaka in
Published by Maharshi Charaka Vimanasthana 8/87. Certain other factors also
Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, explained by different Acharyas in collaboration to
Karnataka (Regd) under the license CC-
by-NC-SA
Charakacharyas view. There is a need to study all
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 347
Dr. Gurudevi S. Patil et al. A conceptual study on Charakokta Bhaishajya Pareeksha Vidhi
ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020
these basic principle methods by Dravyaguna For eg; Madhuraskanda Dravyas like Kaakoli
researchers. Ksheerakaakoli drugs which mainly predominant of
Somaguna means Prithvi and Jala Mahabhuta
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES possesses Gunas like Drava, Snigdha, Sheeta, Manda,
1. To understand the concept of Dravyapareeksha Mrudu, Picchila, Guru, Kathina, Sthira, Vishada,
Vidhi. Saandra, Sthula Gunas, Madhura Skandha Drayas
mainly having Sheeta Virya and Madhura Vipaka.[8] By
2. To know the significance of Dravyapareeksha
accessing all these one can come to know in which all
Vidhi.
condition we can go for Madhura Skanda Dravyas as a
MATERIALS drug of choice by following Samanya Vishesha
Chikitsa Siddhanta.
The study was carried out by searching Samhitas
Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and various data Guna of Dravya
base journals and text books. Qualities of Dravya plays a major role in the selection
Concept of Dravyapareeksha Vidhi of Dravya for Chikitsa where Charaka explains Dravya
should possess qualities like Bahuta (plenty in
According to Charaka Vimana 8/87, Charakaacharya
availability), Yogyatva (must be eligible for
explained Draya Pareeksha Vidhi where the Dravyas
medicament), Anekavidha Kalpana (should available
for Dravyabhuta Chikitsa should be examined in detail
in various forms), Sampat (should possess all the
for the factors like,
properties and qualities).[9] Charaka told that the
▪ Prakruti (nature of Dravya) material which cures a disease or condition and
▪ Guna (qualities of Dravya) provides health is called Bhaishajya or Dravya. There
are various qualities for Vamana Dravyas, Virechana
▪ Prabhava (specific actions) Dravyas which those qualities are responsible for that
▪ Desha (habitant or place of growth) particular Karmas in Chikitsa. Hence the qualities of
Dravyas should be assessed properly before selecting
▪ Rithu (season of collection )
Dravya for Chikitsa.
▪ Grihita (mode of collection)
Prabhava of Dravya
▪ Nihita (method of preservation )
It is the property which is characterized by specific
▪ Upaskruthya (method of processing) actions of substances. Mainly Prabhava of Dravya can
▪ Matra (dosage in which employed) be explained as Dravya Prabhava (drug action
independent of constituents), Guna Prabhava (drug
▪ Clinical trials and results.
action depends upon the constituents of Dravya),
▪ Trials on healthy volunteers. Dravyaguna Prabhava (drug action depending upon
Dravya as well as Guna).[10] Prabhava is specific action
▪ Doshapakarsha and Upashamana (action on
of Dravya for eg; Hartaki having Anulomana property
Dosha, Dhatu, Mala)
which is its Prabhava based on this action we can go
Prakruti of Dravya for drug of choice where Anulomana action needed in
Mainly Dravya is a substance which possess Guna and treatement.
Karma with inherent relation. The Prakruti of Dravya Desha
mainly includes its Panchabhoutikatva, Rasa, Guna,
Our Acharyas explained appropriate Desha or
Veerya, Vipak, Karma, Namaroopa Gynana,
Prashastha Desha for collection and cultivation of
synonyms, botanical sources, identification etc. all
drugs where habitant of drug is also influences the
these factors of drug should be assessed in detail.[7]
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 348
Dr. Gurudevi S. Patil et al. A conceptual study on Charakokta Bhaishajya Pareeksha Vidhi
ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020
qualities of drug. It is mentioned in the classics that Disha. The Bheshajaagara should be devoid of Agni
Dravyas which are going to be collected should be (fire), Dhooma (fume), Raja (dust) and it should not be
from Sadharana Desha or Jangala Desha. Dravyas constructed in the area of Chatuspatha (where four
should have been exposed to seasonal Shishira (cold), roads joining). The medicinal preparations and
Aatapa (sunlight), Pavana (wind), Salila (rain) Bheshajaagara should be offered by Pushpa everyday
properly. The plants should be grown in Samabhumi, and Homa-Havanta, Balikarma should be carried out
Shuchipradesh, Pradakshinodake (it should be at Bheshajaagra to save rich potency in Dravyas.[14]
surrounded by water) are collected. The Dravyas Upaskruttya
which are grown in Smashana (crematorium), Chaitya
Processing of drugs in to different formulations like
(sacred tomb), Devayajanagara (play ground), Sabha
Vati, Guti, Choorna, Kashaya, Varti, Takrakalpana etc.
(assembly ground), Shwabhrama (parks and pits),
preparations. Different Anupana are used based on
Valmika Virahta (ant hills), Ushara Virahita (saline
Dosha predominance in Vyadhi eg; in Kaphaja
soil) should not be collected they are not good.[11] All
Vikaraas Madhu, Mutra, Kashayas are used for
these factors should be assessed regarding Desha
Bhavanartha in medicinal preparations. As well as
(habitant) of Dravya to have better therapeutic
Anupanaartha internally for Dosha Chedhanaartha. By
results.
adopting various Samskaras Dravya made into
Rhitu different Kalpanaas. Where Samskara will cause
Gunaantaradhana in Dravya change in the properties
Season of collection of Dravya also influences on
of Dravya.[15]
qualities and chemical constituents of Dravya
particular part of Dravya should be collected in Maatra
particular season such as Shakha and Palasha (tender The Ahaara Dravya as well as Aoushadhi Dravya taken
leaves) are collected in Varsha and Vasanta Rhitu, following proper dosage. Maatra should be assessed
Moola (roots) in Greeshma Rhitu or late Shishira rhitu, based on Agni, Vaya, Doshik conditions, for eg;
Twak–Kanda-Ksheera in Sharat Rhitu, Saara (heart Kwatha-50-100ml, Churna-3-6gm etc. in case of
wood) in Hemanta, Phala and fruits according to compound formulation preparation also all the
season when they will grow.[12] To have better results ingredients should be taken based on proper dosage
the drugs which are going to be used for medicinal to have good therapeutic results.
preparation should collected at particular seasons. Clinical Trials
Ghrita The clinical trials should be carried out in order to
assesss the particular action of the drug on particular
Process of collection of Dravya one should follow
disease based upon the available classical references
rituals while collecting Dravyas for Dravyabhuta
this work should be done by doing in vitro, in-vivo
Chikitsa. The person going to collect should be Shuchi,
drug research, animal study, clinical research and
were clean cloth follow Mangalachara, Kalyanavruta
results should be assessed.
(auspicious rites) doing Sampoojya to Devata, Govu,
Brahmanas before going to collect the Dravyas. The Trials on healthy volunteers
person who is going to collect should do Upavasa In order to maintain Swastasya Swastya Rakshana by
(fasting) one should collect the Dravyas by facing following some Rasayana therapy, Naimityika
towards Poorva or Uttara.[13] Rasayana based on Vaya, Swabhavika Vyadhis the
clinical research should be carried out on healthy
Nihita
volunteers and results assessed and recorded.
The process of storing the collected Dravya. The
Doshapakarshana, Upashamana
Dravyas should be stored in proper Bheshajaagara
Based on Dosha predominance the Dravya should be
which having single window, door at Poorva or Uttara
selected. In case of Vataja Vikara we can go for choice
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 349
Dr. Gurudevi S. Patil et al. A conceptual study on Charakokta Bhaishajya Pareeksha Vidhi
ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020
of Madhura, Amla, Lavana Rasa Pradhana Dravya as 3. Vaidya Yadhavji Trikamji Acharya Charaka Samhita,
Vatashamanartha similarly in Pittaja Vikara Kashaya, Munahiram Manoharilal publishers 4th edition 1981,
Tikta, Madhura Rasa Pradhana Dravyas, in Kaphaja Vimana sthana chapter-8 verse-87 page no 275.
Vikaras Kashaya, Katu, Tikta Rasa Pradhaana Dravyas 4. Pt.Kashinath Sastri Charaka Samhita, Chakrapanidutta
are used for Kaphashamanartha.[16] Based on Yatha with vidyotini hindi commentary part-1, Chaukamba
Vyadhi and Prakruti of patient one should go for samsthana re-print edition 2002, Sutra sthana chapter
choice of different drugs in different conditions. 30 verse 26 page no 386.
5. Pt.Kashinath Sastri Charaka Samhita, Chakrapanidutta
DISCUSSION with vidyotini hindi commentary part-2, Chaukamba
According to modern research also the habitat, samsthana re-print edition 2002, Sutra sthana chapter
season, processing, storage all these alter the qualities 1 verse 51.
as well as potency of Dravya. Since thousands of years 6. Shobha Hiremath, Bheshaja kalpana chapter no.1.
ago Charaka Acharya explained detailed
7. Dr. S.C.Dyani, Rasapanchaka choukhamba krishnadas
Dravyapareeksha Vidhi which is now carried by academy Varanasi 2nd edition 2003 page no -128
various pharmacological as well as phytochemcal
8. Pt.Kashinath Sastri Charaka Samhita, Chakrapanidutta
study of drug by modern researches.
with vidyotini hindi commentary part-1, Chaukamba
CONCLUSION samsthana, re-print edition 2002, Sutra sthana chapter
26 verse 41.
Dravya or Bhaishajya is one among the
9. Prof.R.H.Singh, Caraka samhita Ayurveda dipika
Chikitsachatuspada without which Chikitsa is
commentary, Chaukamba surabharati prakashana
impossible. Hetu, Linga, Aoushadha are the
Varanasi, Sutra sthana chapter 8 verse 7 page no 130.
Trisutras[17] in the disease management. One should
10. Pt.Kashinath Sastri Charaka Samhita, Chakrapanidutta
choice the drug based on Guna, Desha, Kaala,
with vidyotini hindi commentary, part-1, Chaukamba
Bhajana, Virya then only it will show better results.
samsthana re-print edition 2002, Sutra sthana chapter
Chikitsa is nothing but Vyadhihara, Patya,
26 verse 13.
Prakrutisthapana and that which causes Hita to
Manas and Shareera. The ultimate aim of Ayurveda is 11. Vaidya Yadhavji Trikamji Acharya Charaka Samhita,
Munahiram Manoharilal publishers 4th edition 1981,
maintainance of health of healthy persons and curing
Kalpa sthana chapter-1 verse-9 page no 653.
the diseased one to achieve this one should follow
and assess Charakokta Bhaishajya Pareeksha Vidhi 12. Vaidya Yadhavji Trikamji Acharya Charaka Samhita,
while selecting Dravya for Chikitsa. In this conceptual Munahiram Manoharilal publishers 4th edition 1981,
Kalpa sthana chapter-1 verse-10 page no 653.
study of Bheshaja Pareeksha, Tantrayukti also plays
importance because in Vimanasthana Sthana Charaka 13. Vaidya Yadhavji Trikamji Acharya Charaka Samhita,
explains factors to be assessed individual factors Munahiram Manoharilal publishers 4th edition 1981,
explanation given in some other chapters of Kalpa and Kalpa sthana chapter-1 verse-10 page no 653.
Sutrasthana, hence one should study the basic 14. Vaidya Yadhavji Trikamji Acharya Charaka Samhita,
concepts with the help of Tantrayukti. Munahiram Manoharilal publishers 4th edition 1981,
Kalpa sthana chapter-1 verse-11 page no 653.
REFERENCES
15. Vaidya Yadhavji Trikamji Acharya Charaka Samhita,
1. Pt.Kashinath Sastri Charaka Samhita, Chakrapanidutta Munahiram Manoharilal publishers 4th edition 1981,
with vidyotini hindi commentary part-1, Chaukamba Kalpa sthana chapter-1 verse-21 page no 654.
samsthana re-print edition 2002, Sutra sthana chapter
16. Prof.R.H.Singh, Caraka samhita Ayurveda dipika
1 verse 51 page no.11.
commentary, Chaukamba surabharati prakashana
2. J.L.N. Sastry dravyaguna vijnana vol -1 chaukhambha Varanasi, Sutra sthana chapter 1 verse 65 page no 36.
orientalia Varanasi reprint edition 2017 page no 1.
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 350
Dr. Gurudevi S. Patil et al. A conceptual study on Charakokta Bhaishajya Pareeksha Vidhi
ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020
17. Pt.Kashinath Sastri Charaka Samhita, Chakrapanidutta
How to cite this article: Dr. Gurudevi S. Patil, Dr.
with vidyotini hindi commentary, part-2 Chaukamba
Shashidhar Naik, Dr. D. N. Dhari, Dr. Amit S. Biradar. A
samsthana, re-print edition 2002, Sutra sthana chapter
conceptual study on Charakokta Bhaishajya Pareeksha
1 verse 24 page no 10.
Vidhi and it’s significance. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci
2020;4:347-351.
Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None
declared.
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Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 351
