PHYSICS

PROJECT

Submitted By:
Jhanelle J. Ruiz

Submitted To:
Engr. Jomil Salazar
MEASUREMENTS

1. The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 39.0 mm in height and 39.0 mm in diameter.
What is the density of the material?

2. A major motor company displays a die-cast model of its first automobile, made from 9.35 kg of
iron. To celebrate its one-hundredth year in business, a worker will recast the model in gold from
the original dies. What mass of gold is needed to make the new model?

3. Two spheres are cut from a certain uniform rock. One has radius 4.50 cm. The mass of the second
sphere is five times greater. Find the radius of the second sphere.

4. A rectangular building lot is 100 ft by 150 ft. Determine the area of this lot in square meters.

5. An auditorium measures 40.0 m 20.0 m 12.0 m. The density of air is 1.20 kg/m3. What are (a) the
volume of the room in cubic feet and (b) the weight of air in the room in pounds?

6. A solid piece of lead has a mass of 23.94 g and a volume of 2.10 cm3. From these data, calculate
the density of lead in SI units (kg/m3).
7. A child is surprised that she must pay $1.36 for a toy marked $1.25 because of sales tax. What is
the effective tax rate on this purchase, expressed as a percentage?

8. In a college parking lot, the number of ordinary cars is larger than the number of sport utility
vehicles by 94.7%. The difference between the number of cars and the number of SUVs is 18. Find
the number of SUVs in the lot.

9. Assume there are 100 million passenger cars in the United States and the average fuel
consumption is 20 mi/gal of gasoline. If the average distance traveled by each car is 10 000 mi/yr,
how much gasoline would be saved per year if average fuel consumption could be increased to 25
mi/gal?

10. A child loves to watch as you fill a transparent plastic bottle with shampoo. Horizontal cross
sections of the bottle are circles with varying diameters because the bottle is much wider in some
places than others. You pour in bright green shampoo with constant volume flow rate 16.5 cm3/s.
At what rate is its level in the bottle rising (a) at a point where the diameter of the bottle is 6.30
cm and (b) at a point where the diameter is 1.35 cm?
VECTORS
1. The polar coordinates of a point are r 5.50 m and u 240°. What are the Cartesian coordinates of
this point?

2. A fly lands on one wall of a room. The lower left-hand corner of the wall is selected as the origin
of a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. If the fly is located at the point having
coordinates (2.00, 1.00) m, (a) how far is it from the corner of the room? (b) What is its location
in polar coordinates?

3. A surveyor measures the distance across a straight river by the following method: starting directly
across from a tree on the opposite bank, she walks 100 m along the riverbank to establish a
baseline. Then she sights across to the tree. The angle from her baseline to the tree is 35.0°. How
wide is the river?

4. Arbitrarily define the “instantaneous vector height” of a person as the displacement vector from
the point halfway between his or her feet to the top of the head. Make an order-of-magnitude
estimate of the total vector height of all the people in a city of population 100 000 (a) at 10 o’clock
on a Tuesday morning and (b) at 5 o’clock on a Saturday morning. Explain your reasoning.

5. A girl delivering newspapers covers her route by traveling 3.00 blocks west, 4.00 blocks north, and
then 6.00 blocks east. (a) What is her resultant displacement? (b) What is the total distance she
travels?
6. While exploring a cave, a spelunker starts at the entrance and moves the following distances. She
goes 75.0 m north, 250 m east, 125 m at an angle 30.0° north of east, and 150 m south. Find her
resultant displacement from the cave entrance.

7. In a game of American football, a quarterback takes the ball from the line of scrimmage, runs
backward a distance of 10.0 yards, and then runs sideways parallel to the line of scrimmage for
15.0 yards. At this point, he throws a forward pass 50.0 yards straight downfield perpendicular to
the line of scrimmage. What is the magnitude of the football’s resultant displacement?

8. The helicopter view in Figure P3.31 shows two people pulling on a stubborn mule. Find (a) the
single force that is equivalent to the two forces shown and (b) the force that a third person would
have to exert on the mule to make the resultant force equal to zero. The forces are measured in
units of newtons (symbolized N).

9. A man pushing a mop across a floor causes it to undergo two displacements. The first has a
magnitude of 150 cm and makes an angle of 120° with the positive x axis. The resultant
displacement has a magnitude of 140 cm and is directed at an angle of 35.0° to the positive x axis.
Find the magnitude and direction of the second displacement.

10. Find the sum of these four vector forces: 12.0 N to the right at 35.0° above the horizontal, 31.0 N
to the left at 55.0° above the horizontal, 8.40 N to the left at 35.0° below the horizontal, and 24.0
N to the right at 55.0° below the horizontal. Follow these steps. Guided by a sketch of this
situation, explain how you can simplify the calculations by making a particular choice for the
directions of the x and y axes. What is your choice? Then add the vectors by the component
method.
SCALARS
1. A plane flies from base camp to lake A, 280 km away in the direction 20.0° north of east.
After dropping off supplies it flies to lake B, which is 190 km at 30.0° west of north from
lake A. Graphically determine the distance and direction from lake B to the base camp.

2. A skater glides along a circular path of radius 5.00 m. If he coasts around one half of the
circle, find (a) the magnitude of the displacement vector and (b) how far he skated. (c)
What is the magnitude of the displacement if he skates all the way around the circle?

3. A roller-coaster car moves 200 ft horizontally and then rises 135 ft at an angle of 30.0°
above the horizontal. It next travels 135 ft at an angle of 40.0° downward. What is its
displacement from its starting point? Use graphical techniques.

4. A shopper pushing a cart through a store moves 40.0 m down one aisle, then makes a
90.0° turn and moves 15.0 m. He then makes another 90.0° turn and moves 20.0 m. (a)
How far is the shopper away from his original position? (b) What angle does his total
displacement make with his original direction? Notice that we have not specified whether
the shopper turned right or left. Explain how many answers are possible for parts (a) and
(b) and give the possible answers.
5. A person going for a walk follows the path shown in Figure P3.57. The total trip consists
of four straight-line paths. At the end of the walk, what is the person’s resultant
displacement measured from the starting point?

6. A ferryboat transports tourists among three islands. It sails from the first island to the
second island, 4.76 km away, in a direction 37.0° north of east. It then sails from the
second island to the third island in a direction 69.0° west of north. Finally, it returns to the
first island, sailing in a direction 28.0° east of south. Calculate the distance between (a)
the second and third islands and (b) the first and third islands.

7. A jet airliner, moving initially at 300 mi/h to the east, suddenly enters a region where the
wind is blowing at 100 mi/h toward the direction 30.0° north of east. What are the new
speed and direction of the aircraft relative to the ground?
ONE DIMENSION MOTION
1. A person walks first at a constant speed of 5.00 m/s along a straight line from point A to
point B and then back along the line from B to A at a constant speed of 3.00 m/s. (a) What
is her average speed over the entire trip? (b) What is her average velocity over the entire
trip?

2. A particle moves according to the equation x 10t 2, where x is in meters and t is in seconds.
(a) Find the average velocity for the time interval from 2.00 s to 3.00 s. (b) Find the average
velocity for the time interval from 2.00 s to 2.10 s.

3. A hare and a tortoise compete in a race over a course 1.00 km long. The tortoise crawls
straight and steadily at its maximum speed of 0.200 m/s toward the finish line. The hare
runs at its maximum speed of 8.00 m/s toward the goal for 0.800 km and then stops to
tease the tortoise. How close to the goal can the hare let the tortoise approach before
resuming the race, which the tortoise wins in a photo finish? Assume both animals, when
moving, move steadily at their respective maximum speeds.

4. A 50.0-g Super Ball traveling at 25.0 m/s bounces off a brick wall and rebounds at 22.0
m/s. A high-speed camera records this event. If the ball is in contact with the wall for 3.50
ms, what is the magnitude of the average acceleration of the ball during this time interval?
Note: 1 ms 103 s.

5. A particle starts from rest and accelerates as shown in Figure P2.11. Determine (a) the
particle’s speed at t 10.0 s and at t 20.0 s and (b) the distance traveled in the first 20.0 s.
6. A particle moves along the x axis according to the equation x 2.00 3.00t 1.00t 2, where x
is in meters and t is in seconds. At t 3.00 s, find (a) the position of the particle, (b) its
velocity, and (c) its acceleration.

7. A ball is thrown directly downward, with an initial speed of 8.00 m/s, from a height of 30.0
m. After what time interval does the ball strike the ground?

8. A student throws a set of keys vertically upward to her sorority sister, who is in a window
4.00 m above. The keys are caught 1.50 s later by the sister’s outstretched hand. (a) With
what initial velocity were the keys thrown? (b) What was the velocity of the keys just
before they were caught?

9. A baseball is hit so that it travels straight upward after being struck by the bat. A fan
observes that it takes 3.00 s for the ball to reach its maximum height. Find (a) the ball’s
initial velocity and (b) the height it reaches.

10. A freely falling object requires 1.50 s to travel the last 30.0 m before it hits the ground.
From what height above the ground did it fall?
TWO DIMENSION MOTION

1. A motorist drives south at 20.0 m/s for 3.00 min, then turns west and travels at 25.0 m/s
for 2.00 min, and finally travels northwest at 30.0 m/s for 1.00 min. For this 6.00- min trip,
find (a) the total vector displacement, (b) the average speed, and (c) the average velocity.
Let the positive x axis point east.

2. When the Sun is directly overhead, a hawk dives toward the ground with a constant
velocity of 5.00 m/s at 60.0° below the horizontal. Calculate the speed of its shadow on
the level ground.

3. A fish swimming in a horizontal plane has velocity Vi = (4.00î + 1.00} ) m/s at a point in the
ocean where the position relative to a certain rock is r; = (10.0î - 4.00}) m. After the fish
swims with constant acceleration for 20.0 s, its velocity is v = (20.0î - 5.00}) m/s. (a) What
are the components of the acceleration? (b) What is the direction of the acceleration with
respect to unit vector î? (c) If the fish maintains constant acceleration, where is it at t =
25.0 s, and in what direction is it moving?

4. The vector position of a particle varies in time according to the expression T = (3.001 -
6.00₺2} ) m. (a) Find expressions for the velocity and acceleration of the particle as
functions of time. (b) Determine the particle's position and velocity at t = 1.00 s.

5. What if the acceleration is not constant? A particle starts from the origin with velocity 51
m/s at t = 0 and moves in the xy plane with a varying acceleration given by a = (6V/tj )
m/s2, where tis in s. (a) Determine the vector velocity of the particle as a function of time.
(b) Determine the position of the particle as a function of time.
6. A particle initially located at the origin has an acceleration of a = 3.00} m/s2 and an initial
velocity of v, = 5.00î m/s. Find (a) the vector position and velocity of the particle at any
time t and (b) the coordinates and speed of the particle at t 2.00 s.

7. From information on the endpapers of this book, compute the radial acceleration of a
point on the surface of the Earth at the equator, owing to the rotation of the Earth about
its axis

8. How long does it take an automobile traveling in the left lane at 60.0 km/h to pull
alongside a car traveling in the same direction in the right lane at 40.0 km/h if the cars’
front bumpers are initially 100 m apart?

9. A science student is riding on a flatcar of a train traveling along a straight horizontal track
at a constant speed of 10.0 m/s. The student throws a ball into the air along a path that
he judges to make an initial angle of 60.0° with the horizontal and to be in line with the
track. The student’s professor, who is standing on the ground nearby, observes the ball to
rise vertically. How high does she see the ball rise?

10. A car travels due east with a speed of 50.0 km/h. Raindrops are falling at a constant speed
vertically with respect to the Earth. The traces of the rain on the side windows of the car
make an angle of 60.0° with the vertical. Find the velocity of the rain with respect to (a)
the car and (b) the Earth
PROJECTILE MOTION
1. An athlete throws a basketball upward from the ground, giving it speeds 10.6 m/s at an
angle of 55.0° above the horizontal. (a) What is the acceleration of the basketball at the
highest point in its trajectory? (b) On its way down, the basketball hits the rim of the
basket, 3.05 m above the floor. It bounces straight up with one-half the speed with which
it hit the rim. What height above the floor does the basketball reach on this bounce?

2. A firefighter, a distance d from a burning building, directs a stream of water from a fire
hose at angle ui above the horizontal as shown in Figure P4.14. If the initial speed of the
stream is vi , at what height h does the water strike the building?

3. To start an avalanche on a mountain slope, an artillery shell is fired with an initial velocity
of 300 m/s at 55.0° above the horizontal. It explodes on the mountainside 42.0 s after
firing. What are the x and y coordinates of the shell where it explodes, relative to its firing
point?

4. A rock is thrown upward from the level ground in such a way that the maximum height of
its flight is equal to its horizontal range d. (a) At what angle u is the rock thrown? (b) What
If? Would your answer to part (a) be different on a different planet? Explain. (c) What is
the range dmax the rock can attain if it is launched at the same speed but at the optimal
angle for maximum range?

5. A projectile is fired in such a way that its horizontal range is equal to three times its
maximum height. What is the angle of projection?
6. A ball is tossed from an upper-story window of a building. The ball is given an initial
velocity of 8.00 m/s at an angle of 20.0° below the horizontal. It strikes the ground 3.00 s
later. (a) How far horizontally from the base of the building does the ball strike the ground?
(b) Find the height from which the ball was thrown. (c) How long does it take the ball to
reach a point 10.0 m below the level of launching?

7. A soccer player kicks a rock horizontally off a 40.0-m-high cliff into a pool of water. If the
player hears the sound of the splash 3.00 s later, what was the initial speed given to the
rock? Assume the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s.

8. A placekicker must kick a football from a point 36.0 m (about 40 yards) from the goal, and
half the crowd hopes the ball will clear the crossbar, which is 3.05 m high. When kicked,
the ball leaves the ground with a speed of 20.0 m/s at an angle of 53.0° to the horizontal.
(a) By how much does the ball clear or fall short of clearing the crossbar? (b) Does the ball
approach the crossbar while still rising or while falling?

9. A dive-bomber has a velocity of 280 m/s at an angle u below the horizontal. When the
altitude of the aircraft is 2.15 km, it releases a bomb, which subsequently hits a target on
the ground. The magnitude of the displacement from the point of release of the bomb to
the target is 3.25 km. Find the angle.

10. A playground is on the flat roof of a city school, 6.00 m above the street below. The vertical
wall of the building is 7.00 m high, forming a 1 m-high railing around the playground. A
ball has fallen to the street below, and a passerby returns it by launching it at an angle of
53.0° above the horizontal at a point 24.0 m from the base of the building wall. The ball
takes 2.20 s to reach a point vertically above the wall. (a) Find the speed at which the ball
was launched. (b) Find the vertical distance by which the ball clears the wall. (c) Find the
distance from the wall to the point on the roof where the ball lands.
CIRCULAR MOTION
1. A light string can support a stationary hanging load of 25.0 kg before breaking. A 3.00-kg
object attached to the string rotates on a horizontal, frictionless table in a circle of radius
0.800 m, and the other end of the string is held fixed. What range of speeds can the object
have before the string breaks?

2. A curve in a road forms part of a horizontal circle. As a car goes around it at constant speed
14.0 m/s, the total force on the driver has magnitude 130 N. What is the total vector force
on the driver if the speed is 18.0 m/s instead?

3. A coin placed 30.0 cm from the center of a rotating horizontal turntable slips when its
speed is 50.0 cm/s. (a) What force causes the centripetal acceleration when the coin is
stationary relative to the turntable? (b) What is the coefficient of static friction between
the coin and turntable?

4. A space station, in the form of a wheel 120 m in diameter, rotates to provide an “artificial
gravity” of 3.00 m/s2 for persons who walk around on the inner wall of the outer rim. Find
the rate of rotation of the wheel (in revolutions per minute) that will produce this effect.

5. A crate of eggs is located in the middle of the flatbed of a pickup truck as the truck
negotiates an unbanked curve in the road. The curve may be regarded as an arc of a circle
of radius 35.0 m. If the coefficient of static friction between crate and truck is 0.600, how
fast can the truck be moving without the crate sliding?
6. A 4.00-kg object is attached to a vertical rod by two strings as shown in Figure P6.11. The
object rotates in a horizontal circle at constant speed 6.00 m/s. Find the tension in (a) the
upper string and (b) the lower string.

7. A hawk flies in a horizontal arc of radius 12.0 m at a constant speed of 4.00 m/s. (a) Find
its centripetal acceleration. (b) It continues to fly along the same horizontal arc but
increases its speed at the rate of 1.20 m/s2. Find the acceleration (magnitude and
direction) under these conditions.

8. A 40.0-kg child swings in a swing supported by two chains, each 3.00 m long. The tension
in each chain at the lowest point is 350 N. Find (a) the child’s speed at the lowest point
and (b) the force exerted by the seat on the child at the lowest point. (Ignore the mass of
the seat.)

9. A roller-coaster car (Fig. P6.14) has a mass of 500 kg when fully loaded with passengers.
(a) If the vehicle has a speed of 20.0 m/s at point , what is the force exerted by the track
on the car at this point? (b) What is the maximum speed the vehicle can have at point and
still remain on the track?

10. A pail of water is rotated in a vertical circle of radius 1.00 m. What is the pail’s minimum
speed at the top of the circle if no water is to spill out.
NEWTONS LAW OF MOTION
1. A 3.00-kg object is moving in a plane, with its x and y coordinates given by x 5t 2 1 and y 3t 3
2, where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds. Find the magnitude of the net force
acting on this object at t 2.00 s.

2. The distance between two telephone poles is 50.0 m. When a 1.00-kg bird lands on the
telephone wire midway between the poles, the wire sags 0.200 m. Draw a freebody
diagram of the bird. How much tension does the bird produce in the wire? Ignore the
weight of the wire.

3. An iron bolt of mass 65.0 g hangs from a string 35.7 cm long. The top end of the string is
fixed. Without touching it, a magnet attracts the bolt so that it remains stationary,
displaced horizontally 28.0 cm to the right from the previously vertical line of the string.
(a) Draw a free-body diagram of the bolt. (b) Find the tension in the string. (c) Find the
magnetic force on the bolt.

4. The systems shown in Figure P5.23 are in equilibrium. If the spring scales are calibrated in
newtons, what do they read? Ignore the masses of the pulleys and strings, and assume
the pulleys and the incline in part (d) are frictionless.
5. A 5.00-kg object placed on a frictionless, horizontal table is connected to a string that
passes over a pulley and then is fastened to a hanging 9.00-kg object as shown in Figure
P5.26. Draw free-body diagrams of both objects. Find the acceleration of the two objects
and the tension in the string.

6. A 9.00-kg hanging object is connected, by a light, inextensible cord over a light, frictionless
pulley, to a 5.00-kg block that is sliding on a flat table (Fig. P5.26). Taking the coefficient of
kinetic friction as 0.200, find the tension in the string.

7. A block is given an initial velocity of 5.00 m/s up a frictionless 20.0° incline. How far up the
incline does the block slide before coming to rest?

8. Three objects are connected on a table as shown in Figure P5.42. The rough table has a
coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.350. The objects have masses of 4.00 kg, 1.00 kg, and
2.00 kg, as shown, and the pulleys are frictionless. Draw a free-body diagram for each
object. (a) Determine the acceleration of each object and their directions. (b) Determine
the tensions in the two cords.
9. A 3.00-kg block starts from rest at the top of a 30.0° incline and slides a distance of 2.00
m down the incline in 1.50 s. Find (a) the magnitude of the acceleration of the block, (b)
the coefficient of kinetic friction between block and plane, (c) the friction force acting on
the block, and (d) the speed of the block after it has slid 2.00 m.

10. A 25.0-kg block is initially at rest on a horizontal surface. A horizontal force of 75.0 N is
required to set the block in motion, after which a horizontal force of 60.0 N is required to
keep the block moving with constant speed. Find the coefficients of static and kinetic
friction from this information.
WORK AND POWER ENERGY THEOREM
1. A block of mass 2.50 kg is pushed 2.20 m along a frictionless horizontal table by a constant
16.0-N force directed 25.0° below the horizontal. Determine the work done on the block
by (a) the applied force, (b) the normal force exerted by the table, and (c) the gravitational
force. (d) Determine the net work done on the block.

2. A raindrop of mass 3.35 105 kg falls vertically at constant speed under the influence of
gravity and air resistance. Model the drop as a particle. As it falls 100 m, what is the work
done on the raindrop (a) by the gravitational force and (b) by air resistance?

3. A single conservative force acts on a 5.00-kg particle. The equation Fx (2x

4. Object 1 pushes on object 2 as the objects move together, like a bulldozer pushing a stone.
Assume object 1 does 15.0 J of work on object 2. Does object 2 do work on object 1?
Explain your answer. If possible, determine how much work, and explain your reasoning.
5. The force acting on a particle is Fx (8x 16) N, where x is in meters. (a) Make a plot of this
force versus x from x 0 to x 3.00 m. (b) From your graph, find the net work done by this
force on the particle as it moves from x 0 to x 3.00 m.

6. The force acting on a particle varies as shown in Figure P7.13. Find the work done by the
force on the particle as it moves (a) from x 0 to x 8.00 m, (b) from x 8.00 m to x 10.0 m,
and (c) from x 0 to x 10.0 m.

7. An archer pulls her bowstring back 0.400 m by exerting a force that increases uniformly
from zero to 230 N. (a) What is the equivalent spring constant of the bow? (b) How much
work does the archer do in drawing the bow?

8. A 0.300-kg ball has a speed of 15.0 m/s. (a) What is its kinetic energy? (b) What If? If its
speed were doubled, what would be its kinetic energy?
9. A 400-N child is in a swing that is attached to ropes 2.00 m long. Find the gravitational
potential energy of the child–Earth system relative to the child’s lowest position when (a)
the ropes are horizontal, (b) the ropes make a 30.0° angle with the vertical, and (c) the
child is at the bottom of the circular arc.

10. A potential energy function for a two-dimensional force is of the form U 3x3y 7x. Find the
force that acts at the point (x, y).
MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE
1. A friend claims that as long as he has his seat belt on, he can hold on to a 12.0-kg child in
a 60.0 mi/h head-on collision with a brick wall in which the car passenger compartment
comes to a stop in 0.050 0 s. Is his claim true? Explain why he will experience a violent
force during the collision, tearing the child from his arms. Evaluate the size of this force.
(A child should always be in a toddler seat secured with a seat belt in the back seat of a
car.)

2. An estimated force–time curve for a baseball struck by a bat is shown in Figure P9.7. From
this curve, determine (a) the impulse delivered to the ball, (b) the average force exerted
on the ball, and (c) the peak force exerted on the ball.

3. A ball of mass 0.150 kg is dropped from rest from a height of 1.25 m. It rebounds from the
floor to reach a height of 0.960 m. What impulse was given to the ball by the floor?

4. A 3.00-kg steel ball strikes a wall with a speed of 10.0 m/s at an angle of 60.0° with the
surface. It bounces off with the same speed and angle (Fig. P9.9). If the ball is in contact
with the wall for 0.200 s, what is the average force exerted by the wall on the ball?
5. A tennis player receives a shot with the ball (0.060 0 kg) traveling horizontally at 50.0 m/s
and returns the shot with the ball traveling horizontally at 40.0 m/s in the opposite
direction. (a) What is the impulse delivered to the ball by the tennis racquet? (b) What
work does the racquet do on the ball?

6. The magnitude of the net force exerted in the x direction on a 2.50-kg particle varies in
time as shown in Figure P9.11. Find (a) the impulse of the force, (b) the final velocity the
particle attains if it is originally at rest, (c) its final velocity if its original velocity is
2.00 m/s, and (d) the average force exerted on the particle for the time interval between
0 and 5.00 s.

7. A glider of mass m is free to slide along a horizontal air track. It is pushed against a
launcher at one end of the track. Model the launcher as a light spring of force constant k
compressed by a distance x. The glider is released from rest. (a) Show that the glider
attains a speed of v x(k/m)1/2. (b) Does a glider of large or of small mass attain a greater
speed? (c) Show that the impulse imparted to the glider is given by the expression
x(km)1/2. (d) Is a greater impulse imparted to a large or a small mass? (e) Is more work
done on a large or a small mass?

8. Water falls without splashing at a rate of 0.250 L/s from a height of 2.60 m into a 0.750-
kg bucket on a scale. If the bucket is originally empty, what does the scale read 3.00 s after
water starts to accumulate in it?
9. How fast can you set the Earth moving? In particular, when you jump straight up as high
as you can, what is the order of magnitude of the maximum recoil speed that you give to
the Earth? Model the Earth as a perfectly solid object. In your solution, state the physical
quantities you take as data and the values you measure or estimate for them.

10. A 3.00-kg particle has a velocity of (3.00î - 4.00j) m/s. (a) Find its x and y components of
momentum. (b) Find the magnitude and direction of its momentum.
COLLISION
1. A 10.0-g bullet is fired into a stationary block of wood (m 5.00 kg). The bullet imbeds
into the block. The speed of the bullet-plus-wood combination immediately after the
collision is 0.600 m/s. What was the original speed of the bullet?

2. A railroad car of mass 2.50 104 kg is moving with a speed of 4.00 m/s. It collides and
couples with three other coupled railroad cars, each of the same mass as the single car
and moving in the same direction with an initial speed of 2.00 m/s. (a) What is the speed
of the four cars immediately after the collision? (b) How much energy is transformed
into internal energy in the collision?

3. Four railroad cars, each of mass 2.50 104 kg, are coupled together and coasting along
horizontal tracks at speed vi toward the south. A very strong movie actor, riding on the
second car, uncouples the front car and gives it a big push, increasing its speed to 4.00
m/s southward. The remaining three cars continue moving south, now at 2.00 m/s. (a)
Find the initial speed of the cars. (b) How much work did the actor do? (c) State the
relationship between the process described here and the process in Problem 2.

4. As shown in Figure P9.18 (page 262), a bullet of mass m and speed v passes completely
through a pendulum bob of mass M. The bullet emerges with a speed of v/2. The
pendulum bob is suspended by a stiff rod of length and negligible mass. What is the
minimum value of v such that the pendulum bob will barely swing through a complete
vertical circle?
5. A tennis ball of mass 57.0 g is held just above a basketball of mass 590 g. With their
centers vertically aligned, both are released from rest at the same moment, to fall
through a distance of 1.20 m, as shown in Figure P9.20. (a) Find the magnitude of the
downward velocity with which the basketball reaches the ground. Assume an elastic
collision with the ground instantaneously reverses the velocity of the basketball while
the tennis ball is still moving down. Next, the two balls meet in an elastic collision. (b)
To what height does the tennis ball rebound?

6. A 45.0-kg girl is standing on a plank that has a mass of 150 kg. The plank, originally at
rest, is free to slide on a frozen lake that constitutes a flat, frictionless supporting
surface. The girl begins to walk along the plank at a constant velocity of 1.50 m/s relative
to the plank. (a) What is her velocity relative to the ice surface? (b) What is the velocity
of the plank relative to the ice surface?

7. A billiard ball moving at 5.00 m/s strikes a stationary ball of the same mass. After the
collision, the first ball moves, at 4.33 m/s, at an angle of 30.0° with respect to the original
line of motion. Assuming an elastic collision (and ignoring friction and rotational
motion), find the struck ball’s velocity after the collision.
8. An object of mass 3.00 kg, moving with an initial velocity of 5.00 m/s, collides with and
sticks to an object of mass 2.00 kg with an initial velocity of
3.00 m/s. Find the final velocity of the composite object.

9. A 7.00-g bullet, when fired from a gun into a 1.00-kg block of wood held in a vise,
penetrates the block to a depth of 8.00 cm. This block of wood is placed on a frictionless
horizontal surface, and a second 7.00-g bullet is fired from the gun into the block. To
what depth does the bullet penetrate the block in this case?

10. A 12.0-g wad of sticky clay is hurled horizontally at a 100-g wooden block initially at rest
on a horizontal surface. The clay sticks to the block. After impact, the block slides 7.50
m before coming to rest. If the coefficient of friction between the block and the surface
is 0.650, what was the speed of the clay immediately before impact?
ROTATIONAL MOTION
A wheel starts from rest and rotates with constant angular acceleration to reach an angular
speed of 12.0 rad/s in 3.00 s. Find (a) the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the wheel
and (b) the angle in radians through which it rotates in this time interval.

MOMENT OF INERTIA
ELASTICITY
PENDULUM