Research on Consumer’s knowledge of Li-Fi Technology

PROJECT REPORT

by

SHAMAL SALVEEN SINGH

USN Number:

21BCR00482

School of Commerce, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University)

December 2022

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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project report entitled “Consumer’s perception on

Li-Fi Technology” submitted to School of Commerce, JAIN (Deemed-to-be
University), is a bonafide record of work done by “ Shaamal Salveen Singh
(21BCR00482)” under my supervision from “JULY 2022” MARCH 2024”

Dr. Usha Prabhu

Assistant Professor, School of Commerce

Dr. Usha Prabhu

Assistant Professor, School of Commerce
School of Commerce

Place:
Date:

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 Declaration by Author(s)

This is to declare that this report has been written by us. No part of the report is
plagiarized from other sources. All information included from other sources have been
duly acknowledged. We aver that if any part of the report is found to be plagiarized,
we shall take full responsibility for it.

Shaamal Salveen Singh

21BCR00482

Place
Date

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents
Abstract & Executive Summary..............................................................................................................................16
Abstract..................................................................................................................................................................16
Executive Summary...............................................................................................................................................16
Keywords................................................................................................................................................................17
Chapter 1:...................................................................................................................................................................18
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................18
History of ITC........................................................................................................................................................18
Evolution of ITC....................................................................................................................................................18
Application of ITC in Industrial Revolution.......................................................................................................19
Chapter 2:...................................................................................................................................................................21
Industry Profile in India.......................................................................................................................................21
ITC Sector in India................................................................................................................................................21
India's use of wireless communication................................................................................................................21
Working of Li-Fi Technology...............................................................................................................................22
Advantages of Li-fi................................................................................................................................................23
Limitations of LIFI................................................................................................................................................24
Applications............................................................................................................................................................24
Conclusions:...........................................................................................................................................................24
Chapter 3: Research Design.......................................................................................................................................26
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................26
Statement of the Problem:....................................................................................................................................26
Need of the Study:.................................................................................................................................................26
Scope Of the study:................................................................................................................................................26
Objectives:..............................................................................................................................................................26
Limitations:............................................................................................................................................................27
Review of Literature..............................................................................................................................................27
Summary............................................................................................................................................................28
Research Methodology:.........................................................................................................................................29
Approaches.............................................................................................................................................................29
Chapter 4:...................................................................................................................................................................30
Data Analysis.........................................................................................................................................................30
Data Interpretations..............................................................................................................................................35
Chapter 5:...................................................................................................................................................................37

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 Findings Suggestions.............................................................................................................................................37
Identification of potential barriers to adoption and implementation of Li-Fi technology.............................37
Recommendations for future research................................................................................................................38
Conclusion of study:..............................................................................................................................................39
Annexures:.................................................................................................................................................................40
List of References:.................................................................................................................................................40
Questionnaire.........................................................................................................................................................42

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 Consumer’s knowledge of Li-Fi Technology

A Project report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the

Bachelors of Commerce (B. Com)

Under Graduate Program

Submitted by

Shaamal Salveen Singh

USN NO:
21BCR00482
Under the Guidance of

Dr. Usha Prabhu

Assistant Professor
School of Commerce

JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru

MARCH 2024

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 CERTIFICATE BY THE UNIVERSITY

Certified that the dissertation titled “Consumer’s knowledge of Li-Fi Technology” is based on an
original project study conducted by Mr. Shaamal Salveen Singh bearing Register 21BCR00482 under
the guidance of Dr. Usha Prabhu. S/he has attended the required guidance sessions held. The project
report has not formed a basis for award of any Degree/Diploma of any University or Institution.

Place:

Date:

Director

School of Commerce

JAIN (Deemed-To-Be) University

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 CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

Certified that the dissertation titled is “Consumer’s knowledge of Li-Fi Technology” based on an
original project study conducted by Mr. Shaamal Salveen Singh bearing Register 21BCR00482 under
my guidance. This project has not formed a basis for the award of any Degree/Diploma of any
University or Institution.

Place: SIGNATURE OF THE GUIDE

Dr. Usha Prabhu
Date:

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 DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT

This is to certify that the project titled Consumer’s knowledge of Li-Fi Technology is carried out
independently by me under the guidance of Dr. Usha Prabhu. This work is an original one and has not
been submitted earlier to any University or any other Institution for the fulfillment of the requirement
of a course study or any other credential.

Place Name of the student: Shaamal Salveen Singh

Date Registration No: 21BCR00482

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 UNDERTAKING

I/We hereby give an undertaking that the data reported in the present research project
work/dissertation, which is an outcome of the original study carried out under the guidance of Dr.
Usha Prabhu towards the in-house project as a part of the curriculum of Bachelor of Commerce at

School of Commerce, Jayanagar 9th Block, JAIN (Deemed-to-be- University), Bengaluru, during
2022-2024, is hereby submitted to the Student Research Development Cell - SHODHA, JAIN
(Deemed-to-be-University), Bengaluru. Further, this research work will not be used for any
publication, conference presentation, or any industrial interaction without written approval from the

Project Guide and Director, School of Commerce, Jayanagar 9 th Block, JAIN (Deemed-to-be-
University), Bengaluru.

Name of Student/s

Shaamal Salveen Singh

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to express our deep appreciation and gratitude to our guide Dr. Usha Prabhu Sir for his
coinstantaneous help, advice, information, and encouragement in this project

We feel immense pleasure to present our project after a long work. Besides our effort, the help and guideline
given by many others haven’t been unnoticed. We express our gratitude to all those countless people for
their support of us in doing this project.

We express our thanks to the School of Commerce as it has been a source of the creation of this project and
for the support, valuable information, resources, and guidance is given to us to do this project.

We are also grateful and indebted to our beloved friends for their immeasurable help, support and
encouragement from the beginning to the End of the project without whom this project would not have been
a reality.

Last but not least we would like to thank my parents, family members, friends, this College, and other who
help us with their guidance and support.

Shaamal Salveen Singh

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Abstract & Executive Summary
Abstract

Wi-Fi is currently the most popular industry. Due to the practically annual doubling of internet users,
the radio spectrum is heavily used, which causes congestion. A new technology called Li-Fi has been
developed in order to achieve more bandwidth, efficiency, and speed. Light Fidelity is referred to as Li-Fi. It
is a wireless, bidirectional kind of communication that uses light. It makes advantage of the underutilized
visible spectrum while easing the strain on the radio spectrum. Li-Fi is essentially Wi-Fi with the medium
being light rather than radio waves. Here, information is sent via light whose intensity changes too quickly for
the human eye to register. Li-Fi employs LED lamps with a transceiver in place of modems. Li-Fi transmits
data at a rate that is around 100 times quicker than Wi-Fi. Our existing understanding leads us to assume that
Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) is an appropriate solution to meet these needs. In this paper we go over the advantages
and disadvantages of Li-Fi as a communication technology and lay out a plan for integrating Li-Fi into our
daily life. We investigate consumer knowledge currently available on the subject and make inferences from it.
The report focuses primarily on market research on the level of Li-Fi awareness among potential customers.

Executive Summary

This study examines consumer knowledge about Li-Fi, a wireless communication system that
transmits data using light rather than radio waves. A sample of consumers was surveyed as part of the study
to learn more about their knowledge of and attitudes regarding Li-Fi technology and its possible
applications.

The study's results indicate that although consumer awareness of Li-Fi technology is generally low,
there is a lot of interest in and enthusiasm for its prospective uses. Customers were particularly excited
about its potential for faster and more secure data transmission as well as its possible application in settings
where radio frequency interference is a concern.

Consumers were worried about the Li-Fi technology's drawbacks, such as limited range and
requirement for a straight line of sight. Future adoption and use of Li-Fi technology may be impacted by
these worries.

Overall, this study sheds important light on consumers' perceptions of and knowledge of Li-Fi
technology, revealing both its advantages and disadvantages. The results of this study can be used to drive
future Li-Fi technology research and development as well as marketing and communication plans to raise
consumer awareness and acceptance.

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Keywords

Li-Fi technology, Visible light communication, Wireless data transmission, Consumer awareness,
Consumer knowledge, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart homes, Li-Fi vs Wi-Fi, Speed and efficiency of
Li-Fi, Li-Fi applications.

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Chapter 1:
Introduction

Information and communication technology (ITC) have completely changed how organizations run,
how individuals communicate, and how we access and exchange information. It has united individuals and
companies from all over the world, transforming the world into a global village. ITC has gradually
developed over time and has seen a number of significant changes, creating a broad and diverse business.

History of ITC

The telegraph was created in the early 1800s, which is when ITC was founded. This discovery made
it possible for humans to communicate across great distances, which fueled the development of
communication technology. Then, in the late 1800s, the telephone was developed, further simplifying
communication.

Computers were created in the middle of the 20th century, which launched the contemporary ITC sector. At
first, only governments and major enterprises could afford to utilize computers since they were so enormous
and expensive. But, the personal computer (PC) was developed in the 1970s, making it possible for people
to own computers.

The introduction of the internet in the 1990s marked a watershed moment in the ITC industry. Since then,
the internet has grown rapidly, and it is now an essential part of our daily lives. It has enabled people all
over the world to access information, shop, and communicate with one another.

Evolution of ITC

ITC has evolved as a result of technical improvements as well as shifting consumer and company
needs. The important technological developments that have affected the ITC sector are summarized in the
following table:

Technological Advancement Year

Telegraph 1837
Telephone 1876
Radio 1895
Television 1927
Transistor 1947
Integrated Circuit 1958

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 Personal Computer 1975
Mobile Phone 1983
Internet 1991
Smartphone 2007
Cloud Computing 2009
Artificial Intelligence 2011

The services provided by the ITC industry have also evolved. The industry initially concentrated on
hardware and software development. However, as the industry evolved, it began to provide services such as
cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence.

The ITC industry is large and diverse, with companies offering hardware, software, and services. The
International Data Corporation (IDC) predicts that the global ITC industry will be worth $5.2 trillion in
2021, up from $4.8 trillion in 2020.

The following table summarises the top companies in the global ITC industry based on revenue in 2020:
Company Revenue (in billions of USD)
Apple 274.5
Samsung 221.6
Amazon 386.1
Microsoft 153.3
Alphabet 181.7
IBM 73.6
Intel 77.9
Huawei 136.7
Cisco 48.4
Dell 92.2

The ITC industry is dynamic and ever-changing, with new technologies and services being developed on a
regular basis. As technology advances, the ITC industry is likely to grow and evolve, providing new and
innovative services to businesses and consumers alike.

Application of ITC in Industrial Revolution

Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by the integration of advanced
technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and automation in manufacturing
and other industries. Wireless communication plays a crucial role in Industry 4.0 as it enables machines and
devices to communicate with each other in real-time, leading to increased efficiency and productivity.
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Industry 5.0, also known as the "human-centered industry," is the next stage of industrial development that
focuses on the collaboration between humans and machines. It aims to combine the benefits of advanced
technologies with human creativity and problem-solving skills to drive innovation and sustainable
development. In terms of wireless communication and internet technology, Industry 5.0 will likely see the
development of even more advanced wireless networks and communication systems that can support
seamless interaction between humans and machines, as well as the integration of emerging technologies like
virtual reality and augmented reality.

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Chapter 2:
Industry Profile in India

The Information Technology and Communication (ITC) industry has been a major contributor to the
Indian economy, playing an important role in the country's socioeconomic development. The Indian ITC
industry has seen significant changes over the years, with the rise of several new technologies and services.
Wireless communication is a prominent segment of the ITC industry in India. In this introduction, we will
look at the Indian ITC industry, with a particular emphasis on wireless communication.

ITC Sector in India

India's ITC sector has expanded dramatically over the past few decades, mostly as a result of the
nation's sizable and trained population, the government's encouraging policies, and the accessibility of
affordable resources. The Indian ITC business is predicted to be valued USD 194 billion in 2021, growing at
a 2.3% annual rate, according to a NASSCOM analysis.

India's use of wireless communication

One of the most revolutionary innovations in the Indian ITC sector has been wireless
communication, which has made inter-country connection dependable and smooth. The advent of wireless
communication completely changed how people and businesses communicate, and the sector has grown
significantly over time.

Three significant players—Bharti Airtel, Reliance Jio, and Vodafone Idea—dominate the wireless
communication sector of the Indian ITC industry. To give its clients better coverage and quicker internet
speeds, these players have extensively invested in extending their network infrastructure.

Based on the quantity of subscribers, the following table gives a general picture of the wireless
communication market in India:

Service Provider Number of Subscribers (in millions)

Bharti Airtel 344.6

Reliance Jio 426.2

Vodafone Idea 271.8

India's wireless communication market has grown significantly over the years, largely as a result of rising

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demand for high-speed internet and rising smartphone penetration. The wireless communication market in
India is anticipated to expand further with the introduction of 5G technology, offering clients fresh and
cutting-edge services.

Working of Li-Fi Technology

The LIFI light communication system can send data quickly in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared
spectrums. A bidirectional wireless technology called Li-Fi (light fidelity) transfers data using infrared or
LED light. Li-Fi technology employs light sources with chips to transmit internet signals by light waves, as
opposed to wi-fi, which uses radio frequency. This represents a remarkable improvement over current
wireless networks. The speed and bandwidth of 3G and 4G are increased via Li-Fi. The latter have a finite
capacity and become overloaded as the number of users increases, resulting in crashes, performance
reductions, and even connection interruptions. However, Li-Fi has a band frequency of 200,000 GHz, which
is 100 times quicker and capable of transmitting far more data per second than the maximum 5 GHz of wi-
fi. Infrared light with a radius of 2.5 metres was used in a 2017 study by the University of Eindhoven to
achieve download rates of 42.8 Gbit/s whereas the fastest wi-fi could only manage 300 Mbit/s.

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Advantages of Li-fi

Faster
According to the most recent studies, the current wi-fi speed varies between 11 and 300 Mbit/s, while the
speed of Li-Fi is also very variable. The speed that is generally acknowledged is 10 Gbit/s, however it has
been demonstrated that it can reach 224 Gbit/s and that a 1.5 Gbit movie can be downloaded in
milliseconds.

Cheaper

It is up to 10 times less expensive than wi-fi, has fewer parts, and is more environmentally friendly. You
only need to switch on a light!

More accessible
By simply installing a Li-Fi emitter, any light fixture can be quickly transformed into an internet connection
point.

More secure
Unlike radio waves, light cannot penetrate through barriers, therefore Li-Fi communications cannot be
intercepted by anyone using a wireless network.

More bandwidth
The light spectrum can carry and send more data per second since it is 10,000 times larger than the radio
spectrum.

More dependable
Li-Fi's signal transmission makes communication more trustworthy than wi-fi. Li-Fi is wireless and
undetectable; it does not require a router and instead relies on lights to function. In order to minimize
disruption, it may also function with infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye, or with visible LED
light at extremely low intensity.

Many predict that wi-fi and other wireless networks will become obsolete as a result of the advent and
development of Li-Fi technology. We will need to wait a few more years to find out if lamps will be able to
connect us to the internet at light speed in addition to lighting up our streets.

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Limitations of LIFI

Limited Range:
As light cannot penetrate through walls, it is good with the security point of view but it provides a limited
range. Thus, Li-Fi can be effectively used in closed spaces. In open spaces, Wi-Fi's coverage can go up to 32
meters as compared to Li-Fi.
Limited Compatibility: As technology is new, not many devices are compatible with it.
The Problem is that light can‘t pass through objects, so if the receiver is inadvertently blocked in any way,
then the signal will immediately cut out. ―If the light signal is blocked, or when you need to use your
device to send information you can seamlessly switch back over to radio waves‖, Harald says.
Network coverage and reliability and are the major issues to be considered by the companies while
providing VLC services. Interference from external light sources like sun light, normal bulbs; and opaque
materials in the path of transmission will cause interruption in the communication.
High installation cost of the VLC systems can be complemented by large-scale implementation of VLC
though Adopting VLC technology will reduce further operating costs like electricity charges, maintenance
charges etc.

Applications

Li-Fi technology can be used in many different contexts, according to researchers. Emphasize that
Li-Fi is suitable for usage in streets due to the presence of traffic and street lighting. Using Li-Fi in
healthcare facilities as well as offices receives a lot of attention. As a result of the effects of radio waves, it
is feasible to organize navigation in hospitals and the use of Li-Fi in operating rooms.

Additionally, it is not permitted to use mobile devices or Wi-Fi when on board aircraft, in gas and oil
stations, and in other businesses, including chemical ones. Li-Fi can be used to help overcome this issue.
Additionally, using Wi-Fi underwater is impossible, and this issue can be addressed while using powerful
lamps for transmitting signals.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, wireless communication has emerged as one of the most crucial categories in India's
ITC industry, which has witnessed tremendous changes over the years. The industry has experienced
substantial expansion, largely as a result of rising demand for high-speed internet and rising smartphone

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penetration. The wireless communication sector in India is primed for additional expansion with the
introduction of 5G technology, offering clients fresh and cutting-edge services.

We developed a proof of concept for LiFi connectivity, which makes it simple to deploy various
system designs, to back up our claims.

Li-Fi is simple to set up and affordable to maintain. High bandwidth and safe data transmission are further
advantages of Li-Fi connection because light cannot pass through walls. Another benefit of Li-Fi
communication is point-to-point communication, which provides information about nearby modules and
enables autonomous maintenance of the digital twin of the system as well as identification of the system's
organizational structure.

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Chapter 3: Research Design

Introduction
A developing form of wireless communication called Li-Fi employs light waves rather than radio
waves to deliver data. Little is known regarding customers' awareness of and grasp of this technology,
despite the fact that it has the ability to provide quicker and more secure data transmission than conventional
Wi-Fi. This study examines consumer understanding of Li-Fi technology and attitudes towards its possible
applications in an effort to close this knowledge gap.

Statement of the Problem:

A major obstacle to the adoption and uses of Li-Fi technology is the general lack of consumer
knowledge and comprehension of it. Although it may have advantages like faster and more secure data
transmission, customer ignorance may prevent its widespread use and commercialization. In order to better
understand the obstacles to the adoption of Li-Fi technology and develop ways to overcome them, it is
necessary to look into customers' understanding of and attitudes towards it.

Need of the Study:

To shed light on consumer awareness, comprehension, and attitudes concerning Li-Fi technology,
this study is required. The results of this study can guide marketing and communication plans to raise
consumer awareness and adoption as well as the development and commercialization of Li-Fi technology.

Scope Of the study:

A sample of consumers will be surveyed as part of this study to learn how much they know and
understand about Li-Fi technology and how they feel about the potential uses for it.
Urban consumers will be the primary focus of the study, which will also examine consumer awareness,
comprehension, and impressions of Li-Fi technology.
The study will also examine potential obstacles to Li-Fi technology uptake and use, including as price,
accessibility, and compatibility with current devices.
The results of this study will give important information on how consumers perceive and use Li-Fi
technology.

Objectives:

The objectives of this research paper are:

1. To determine the level of awareness and understanding of Li-Fi technology among consumers
2. To explore consumers' attitudes towards the potential applications of Li-Fi technology
3. To identify the potential barriers to adoption and implementation of Li-Fi technology.

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Limitations:
This study has evaluated, analyzed, and talked in-depth about Li-Fi from a variety of angles in
studies that haven't been properly examined. Nevertheless, despite the advantages and contributions of this
review, there are still a few shortcomings that can be explained based on the following ideas. In order to
acquire the documents used in this work, four significant datasets were first utilized. Therefore, future
studies can make use of these four databases and possibly include more pieces of literature that they think
would be beneficial for understanding communication and Li-Fi. Additionally, a number of Li-Fi-related
topics, including Li-Fi modulation and its applications, are being researched.

Review of Literature
Title Author details Objectives Methodology Test Conclusion Citation
applied
A survey on ABHIYANTRIKI The project lets The researchers The increasing (PDF) A Survey
Li-Fi An International us to use more have developed a number of on Li-Fi
technology Journal of efficient light new digital people and their Technology
Engineering & source i.e. modulation devices access (researchgate.net)
Technology. LED. Our technique which wireless
project also can be used in Internet, the air
aims at a optical wireless waves are
communication communication becoming
tool in public using LEDs gradually more
places which technique, it will crammed,
comes up with be depending on making it more
transfer of data variation of difficult to get a
at a faster rate intensity of light consistent, high-
over a wide but the information speed signal.
spectrum. varied. The power This wonderful
can be strictly technology be
positive. Signals used practically,
like higher order then may be in
capacity achieving future each and
modulation every bulb can
techniques used in be used
radio frequency. something like a
Wi-Fi hotspot to
brighter future.

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Summary

1. The majority of people utilize Wi-Fi Internet-enabled devices, which work at frequencies between
2.4-5GHz and provide wireless Internet access throughout our homes, offices, schools, and some
other public locations. We are extremely reliant on these almost universal services. Wi-Fi can reach
every room in a house or school, but its bandwidth is just 50-100 megabits per second (Mbps).
Although it is one of the most modern Internet services, it is not suitable for transmitting massive
data files like HDTV movies, music collections, and video game libraries. More bandwidth and
speed should be required to access this data the more reliant we are on "the cloud" or our own
"media services" to store all of our files, including movies, photos, audio and video devices, and
games. Therefore, RF-based technologies like the Wi-Fi of today are not the best option.
Additionally, delivering new requested capabilities like precise indoor positioning and gesture
recognition may not be the most effective use of Wi-Fi. The optical wireless technology, often
known as Li-Fi more recently and occasionally as visible light communication (VLC). It is a based
on Visible Light Communication. The VLC is a data communication medium using visible light
between 400THz to 375THz as optical carrier for the data transmission and illumination. The data is
encoded in the light to generate new data stream by varying the flickering rate, to be clearer, by
modulating the LED light communication source. This is a whole new spectrum of possibilities as
compared to the radio waves spectrum and is 10000 times more in size. Visible light is not injurious
to vision and are a mandatory part of an infrastructure, therefore abundantly available and easily
accessible.

2. However, by making swift and minor changes to the current, the optical output may be made to
fluctuate at exceedingly fast speeds. This precise characteristic of optical current is used in a Light
Fidelity setup. The operational procedure is really simple: if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1,
and if it is off, a digital 0. The LEDs' quick on/off cycles offer fantastic opportunities for data
transmission. A controller that converts data into a few LEDs is therefore all that is required.
Depending on the type of data we want to encode, we can alter how quickly the LEDs blink. Li-Fi
has several uses, including in the medical field and in traffic control. One of these uses is described
in more detail below. Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) that operate underwater are powered by
sizable cables that also enable them to receive signals from their pilots above. However, ROVs'
tethers are too short to let them travel farther in their explorations. They would be much more free to
roam if their wires were replaced with light, such as from a submerged, high-powered lamp.
Additionally, they could interact with one another using their headlights, processing information on

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their own and periodically relaying what they learned to the surface. Even underwater, where Wi-Fi
utterly fails, LI-FI can function, providing countless potential for military operations.

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Research Methodology:

Sample size: The sample size for this study will be 200 university scholars from Jain University in
India.

Sample method: The sample will be selected using a non-probability convenience sampling method.

Data Collection: The data for this study will be collected through a combination of primary and
secondary methods. Primary data will be collected through an online survey questionnaire, while
secondary data will be collected through a review of existing literature and reports related to Li-Fi
technology.

Approaches
The study that has come after combined approach of theoretical, computational, and experimental
methods. Secondary data as well as primary data are used to assist the research. Using secondary research, it
was possible to analyze the respondent's perceptions about the aforementioned subject. The study's usage of
multiple papers, articles, and books from different websites and e-books is the secondary source. A
questionnaire on the subject of the research is distributed to gather the main data, which is then properly
evaluated and interpreted.

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Chapter 4:
Data Analysis
The following pie charts and bar graphs can be used to interpret the questions that were derived from
the schedules. The survey includes questions on demographics as well as other elements and questions
pertaining to the subject.

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Data Interpretations
The following conclusions can be made based on the study's data:

1. The findings of the study indicate that the age range of 18-34 is the most typical age group for
respondents, as the majority of respondents fell within this range. This could indicate that Li-Fi
technology is more appealing to younger generations who are more tech-savvy and willing to try
new things.

2. According to the study, men make up the majority of respondents, accounting for 70% of the sample.
This shows that men are more interested in Li-Fi technology than women. This could be attributed to
the fact that men are more interested in technological innovations in general.70% of the respondents
to the study had no prior knowledge of Li-Fi technology, showing that consumer awareness of Li-Fi
technology is still low.

3. According to the study, 70% of respondents had never heard of Li-Fi technology before, suggesting
that consumers are still unfamiliar with it. Consumers might not be willing to invest in a technology
they are unfamiliar with, which could be a barrier to adoption.

4. There are doubts regarding the viability and usability of Li-Fi technology, as indicated by the fact
that 50% of respondents think it is technically possible but not practically scalable. This implies that
there might be technical obstacles standing in the way of the adoption and use of Li-Fi technology.

5. According to the study, 45% of respondents believe that the greatest advantage of Li-Fi technology
is its increased accessibility. This suggests that consumers want technology that is simple to access
and use.

6. According to the findings, 50% of those polled believe that Li-Fi technology has the potential to
transform the current wireless communication sector, with 20% strongly agreeing and 30%
disagreeing. This indicates that there is still some doubt about Li-Fi technology's ability to transform
the industry.

7. According to the study, 40% of participants were unconcerned, 35% agreed, and 20% strongly
agreed that Li-Fi technology could be a new paradigm for startup businesses to follow. This implies
that adopting and utilising Li-Fi technology to achieve a competitive advantage may present chances
for companies.

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8. According to the study, 25% of respondents think Li-Fi technology cannot get around its limitations,
with 20% strongly agreeing, 40% neutral, and 15% disagreeing. This implies that Li-Fi technology's
general adoption and implementation may be hampered by technical constraints.

9. According to the study, 40% of respondents were sceptical of the claim that Li-Fi technology could
be used for patient monitoring, prevention, or the transfer of medical documents during an
emergency. This suggests that there may be concerns about Li-Fi technology's dependability and
safety in critical situations.

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Chapter 5:

Findings Suggestions:

According to the study's findings, companies and researchers working on Li-Fi technology should
focus on addressing consumer concerns and providing more information about the technology's benefits
and limitations. This will help to increase consumer trust in the technology and encourage its market
adoption.

Furthermore, businesses and researchers should invest in developing Li-Fi technology that is
compatible with existing devices, including those in use. Collaboration with device manufacturers will
be required to ensure that Li-Fi technology can be seamlessly integrated into current wireless
communication systems.

The prospective uses and use cases for Li-Fi technology in several industries, including healthcare
and transportation, also require further study. This will promote broader adoption and commercialization
of the technology by demonstrating its applicability and feasibility in practical situations.

Therefore, in order to hasten the development and widespread adoption of this ground-breaking
technology, it is advised that the Li-Fi technology sector concentrate on gaining consumer confidence,
resolving compatibility concerns, and investigating possible applications.

Identification of potential barriers to adoption and implementation of Li-Fi technology

Some potential obstacles to the acceptance and implementation of Li-Fi technology can be identified
based on the findings of the study. They consist of:

Problems with existing devices' compatibility: Many respondents expressed concern about Li-Fi
technology's ability to work with their existing gadgets. People might not want to invest in new gadgets
that are Li-Fi compatible, which could be a major adoption obstacle.

Despite the potential of Li-Fi technology, a sizeable majority of respondents were unaware of its
existence. Inadequate awareness and knowledge of Li-Fi technology. Due to this ignorance, it might be
challenging for Li-Fi to take off and become extensively used.

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 Li-Fi technology's perceived applicability: According to half of the respondents, Li-Fi technology is
theoretically feasible but not widely applicable. In the event that individuals do not think the technology
is realistic or practical, this view can operate as a barrier to adoption.

Implementation costs: Just like with any new technology, setting up a Li-Fi infrastructure is likely to be
expensive. If the prices are thought to be too high, this could be a possible adoption hurdle.

The range of Li-Fi technology is constrained when compared to more established wireless
communication methods. If consumers need a greater range of coverage, this can be a roadblock to
adoption.

Recommendations for future research

Some topics for additional research could be investigated in light of the research paper's findings:

Future studies might look into ways to make Li-Fi technology more compatible with current wireless
communication networks and gadgets. This can entail looking into the creation of Li-Fi-compatible
devices or modifying current models to support Li-Fi technology.

Use Cases: Further research into Li-potential Fi's usage scenarios in other industries could lead to the
discovery of new uses and increase the technology's economic feasibility. The advantages of Li-Fi in
particular contexts, such as its ability to boost communication in the transportation sector or improve
security in healthcare facilities, could be the subject of this study.

Consumer Awareness: Future research may look at strategies to increase customer knowledge of Li-Fi
technology, including its advantages and disadvantages. This can entail the creation of instructional
resources or awareness-raising efforts for Li-Fi technology and its possible effects on the wireless
communication industry.

Technology Development: Ongoing research into Li-Fi technology may result in developments that
address current issues and constraints, such as the creation of Li-Fi devices that can operate over greater
distances or through obstructions.

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Conclusion of study:

The study's conclusions emphasize the significance of addressing consumers' worries about
the viability and practicality of Li-Fi technology. It will be vital to enlighten and educate
consumers more about the advantages and restrictions of Li-Fi technology as it develops traction
in the wireless communication sector. This will encourage the technology's adoption in the
market and help to increase customer confidence in it. Companies creating Li-Fi technology will
also need to concentrate on addressing consumer worries, particularly those related to
interoperability with current products. To make sure that Li-Fi technology is compatible with a
variety of devices, including those that are already in use, this will require cooperation with
device manufacturers. Overall, the study concludes that, while Li-Fi technology has the potential
to revolutionize the wireless communication industry, it will be critical to address consumer
concerns and ensure that the technology is both practical and feasible for widespread adoption.

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Annexures:
List of References:

J Vittahal and S Saptasagare, "Next of Wi-Fi an Future Technology in Wireless Networking Li-Fi Using
Led Over Internet of Things", International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology,
vol. 3, no. 3, March 2014, ISSN 2278-9359.

Dhakane Vikas Nivrutti and Ravi Ramchandra Nimbalkar, "Light-Fidelity: A Reconnaissance of Future
Technology", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering,
vol. 3, no. 11, November 2013, ISSN 2277-128X.

Mukku, V. D., Lang, S., & Reggelin, T. (2019). Integration of LiFi technology in an industry 4.0 learning
factory. Procedia Manufacturing, 31, 232-238.

Swami, K. T., & Moghe, A. A. (2020, December). A Review of LiFi Technology. In 2020 5th IEEE
International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

Kulkarni, S., Darekar, A., & Joshi, P. (2016, March). A survey on Li-Fi technology. In 2016 International
Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET) (pp. 1624-1625).
IEEE.

Ramadhani, E., & Mahardika, G. P. (2018, March). The technology of lifi: A brief introduction. In IOP
conference series: materials science and engineering (Vol. 325, No. 1, p. 012013). IOP Publishing.

Karthika, R., & Balakrishnan, S. (2015). Wireless communication using Li-Fi technology. SSRG
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE), 2(3), 32-40.

Rahul R. Sharma, Raunak and Akshay Sanganal, "Li-Fi Technology", International Journal of Computer
Technology and Applications, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 150-154, ISSN 2229-6093.

Prabu Krishnan, "Design of Collision Detection System for Smart Car Using Li-Fi and Ultrasonic Sensor",
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.67, no.12, pp.11420-11426, 2018

Benjamin Creem, Brett Grossman, Mira Yun, "LiGET: Transfering files via Li-Fi", 2018 IEEE MIT
Undergraduate Research Technology Conference (URTC), pp.1-4, 2018

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T. Kavitha, C. R. Angel Reena, "Smart Museum Using Li-Fi Technology", Second International
Conference on Computer Networks and Communication Technologies, vol.44, pp.936, 2020

https://www.lifi.eng.ed.ac.uk/

https://lifi.co/what-is-lifi/

https://www.engpaper.com/lifi-light-fidelity-2019.html

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Questionnaire
A Survey on consumer knowledge of Li-Fi Technology

Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a wireless visible light communication technology, the limitations of 5G are
addressed by the wireless visible light communication technique known as Light Fidelity (Li-Fi).
The LIFI light communication system can send data quickly in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared
spectrums. Li-Fi technology employs light sources with chips to transmit internet signals by light
waves, as opposed to wi-fi, which uses radio frequency. This represents a remarkable improvement
over current wireless network.
* Required

1. Name *

2. Age *

Mark only one oval.

Under 18
18-34
35-54
55-64
Above 64

3. Gender *

Mark only one oval.

Male
Female
Prefer not to say
Other:

4. Qualification *

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5. Did you know about the existence of Li-Fi technology previously? *

Mark only one oval.

Yes
No
Maybe

6. "Li-Fi technology is just theoretically applicable, not practically applicable" How well do *
you support the statement?

Mark only one oval.

1 2 3 4 5

7. What might be the potential advantages of Li-Fi technology? *

Mark only one oval.

Faster
Cheaper
More accessible
More secure:
All of the above

8. "Li-Fi technology can bring revolution to the existing telecommunication industry" how *
much do you agree with the statement?

Mark only one oval.

Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree

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9. "Li-Fi can be a new model to adopt for startup business and has a potential to become *
big" How well do you agree to the statement?

Mark only one oval.

Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree

10. "Li-Fi cannot overcome the problem of Limited Compatibility in devices, as it is a newly *
developed technology" do you agree to the statement?

Mark only one oval.

Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree

11. "The installation of Li-Fi on the building's lighting infrastructure can assist Wi-Fi systems
* become less congested and boost their data transfer capacity" do you agree to the statement?

Mark only one oval.

Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree

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12. "In an emergency where quick communication is necessary, Li-Fi could be utilized for
*
patient monitoring, hospital security, the preservation or transfer of medical records,
or any of the aforementioned purposes." how much do you think this can be done?

Mark only one oval.

1 2 3 4 5

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