TURBINE PROTECTION SYSTEM

FUNCTIONS
To cut off the main steam supply by Instantly
closing of stop valve and control valve for

Protection of Turbo-set.

Restricts occurring failure to a minimum

 TURBINE PROTECTION
The turbine protection system can be actuated
by any of the following trip systems
-- Hydraulic trip system
-- Electrical trip system
Both the trip systems, when initiated, act on the
hydraulic control system and cause trip oil
pressure to collapse which in turn closes the
Emergency stop valves, Interceptor valves and
control valves.
 HYDRAULIC TRIP SYSTEM
Comprises following trip devices, actuation of
any one of these will trip the turbine
Over speed trip device 1
Over speed trip device 2
Low Vacuum trip device
Manual Trip Device-1(Local)
Manual Trip Device-2(Local)
 ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
The electrical trip system comprises of two trip channels
viz. electrical trip channels 1 & 2. One channel is
connected to trip solenoid valve MAX51AA001 and the
other to trip solenoid valve MAX51AA002. All command
signals for turbine trip are hooked up with both the
channels. Actuation of any of the channels energises the
respective trip solenoid which in turn trips the turbine
Each channel is realized in a Remote Processing Unit
(RPU). Both the RPU's are completely independent of
each other and houses the input modules, processor
module and output modules .
VARIOUS ELECTRICAL PROTECTIONS
LOW VACCUM PROTECTION.

LUBE OIL PRESSURE LOW.

FIRE PROTECTION 1 & 2.

MAIN STEAM TEMPERATURE LOW.

TURBINE TRIPPED FROM ATRS.

GENERATOR PROTECTION OPERATED.

MASTER FUEL TRIP RELAY ENERGIZED.

HP EXHAUST TEMP HIGH.

BEARING METAL TEMP.

HIGH AXIAL SHIFT

 LOW VACUUM
Hydraulic low vacuum trip: 0.3 bar
Electrical low vacuum trip: 0.3 bar & speed actual>
540 RPM
2 out of 3 logic
Significance: Result in rise in LP exhaust temp hood
temp & LP blading
Note: To prevent operation of trip circuit during
start-up, an interlock is provided. This interlock
ensures that the trip circuit is enabled only, if the
turbine speed is more than 540 RPM.
Lube Oil Header Pressure Low
The protection acts if the lube oil
pressure before thrust bearing decreases
to 1.2Kg/cm sq.
2 out of 3 logic
 FIRE PROTECTION
The protection acts in the event of any of the
following conditions :
i) Fire protection (1 &2) switch, either in unit
control room or in machine hall, operated.
ii) Level in main oil tank falls to a very low value
(1050 mm), indicating substantial leakage of oil
from the system. (Through Fire Protection-1)
The command signal under condition (ii) is
initiated from three level switches in 2-out-of-3
logic
 FIRE PROTECTION
CONSEQUENCES: When Fire Protection is initiated,
solenoids 1 & 2 of the Oil Shutoff valve energizes,
resulting closing of oil shutoff valve. This ensures
draining of control oil from the governing rack.

FIRE PROTECTION-1:
Vacuum breaker gets open
Turbine trips

FIRE PROTECTION-2:
Turbine trips.
Barring gear off.
EOP-AC & JOP-DC STARTS
 HP EXHAUST TEMP. HIGH
The HP exhaust steam temperature protection circuit
causes the exhaust sections of the turbine, the blading
and the extraction points against overheating. Under
extreme operating conditions the HP turbine can be run
at low flow rate and simultaneous relatively high back
pressure. This prevents the steam from expanding,
which causes the exhaust steam temperature to rise. The
temperature is measured by means of three
thermocouples .
Alarm: 485 Deg C
Trip: 500 Deg C
2 out of 3 logic
 Axial Shift Very High
A too high axial displacement of the turbine
shaft may cause damage to the turbine
blades. The axial shift is measured in both
directions (±) using three proximity probes.
Alarm: (+/-) 0.5
Trip: (+/-) 1 mm
2 out of 3 logic
TG Bearing Metal Temp. V. High
The excessive temperature rise of bearings can cause wear to
bearing shells Bearing temperature trip protects the thrust
and journal bearings of the Turbine and Generator against
excessive temperatures. The temperature of the babbit
material is measured by means of four thermocouples in the
bearing for each bearing at HP front and HP rear Journal
bearings and Thrust bearing. In other journal bearings,
temperature is measured by means of thermocouples at front
and rear end.
Alarm: 90 Deg C
Trip: 130 Deg C
2 out of 4 logic
 Main Steam Temp. Low
Trip value : 450 Deg C (Arming 510 Deg C)
Time Delay : 30 Sec
2 out of 2 logic (MS temp before ESV-1 &2)
Significance: Prevent condensate from live
steam line entering the blade section &
below this temp there will be danger of
turbine metal cooling & development of
undue stresses.
 TURBINE PROTECTION
TURBINE TRIP SWITCH OPEATED:
The protection acts when the turbine trip switch in
unit control room is operated manually.

TRIP COMMAND INITIATED FROM ATRS:

The protection acts when the trip command signal is
initiated from the Automatic Turbine Run-up
System
Generator Protection(Mech)
Liquid Main Leads Top: L>Max, 2 out of 3
logic
Cold Gas Cooler Temp (A+B): T>55 Deg C
Cold Gas Cooler Temp (C+D): T>55 Deg C
Hot Air Main Exciter: T>85 Deg C
Seal Oil Temp after cooler: T>55 Deg C
Gen & Exciter Bearing Temp: T>130 Deg C
 ADVISABLE TRIPPINGS
LP Exhaust hood temp >110deg C.
Turbine housing Brg vib. V High > 106 micron.
Turbine shaft vib. V High > 320 micron.
HPT top & bottom casing temp. difference >±70
deg C
IPT top & bottom casing temp. difference >±45
deg C
AOP-1 Logic

AOP-1 Auto Start

AOP-1 SLC
AND (function)
ON

O Oil Pr. < 4.8

(function) R KSC
(MAV21CP011)

AOP-2 MCC AND AOP-2 OFF

Dist.

Note: MAV21CP011 is the Pr. Of AOP discharge header at MOT floor.

AOP-1 Logic…
AOP-1 Protection Stop

Fire Protection-2
Optd.

AOP-1 SLC Auto OFF

Fire Protection-2
Optd.
AOP-2 Logic

AOP-2 Auto Start

AOP-2 SLC
AND (function)
ON

AOP-1 MCC (function) O Turbine

AND R
Dist. Speed <
2800 RPM

AOP-1 OFF Oil Pr. < 4.5

KSC
(MAV21CP012)

Note: MAV21CP012 is the Pr. Of AOP discharge header at MOT

floor.
AOP-2 Logic…
AOP-2 Protection Stop

Fire Protection-2
Optd.

AOP-2 SLC Auto OFF

Fire Protection-2
Optd.
EOP-AC Logic

EOP-AC Protection Start

O
EOP-AC Protection Fire Protection-2 Optd.
R
ON

O
(function) EOP-DC ON
R

AND SLC EOP-AC

ON

Lub. Oil Pr. < 1.2

KSC
(MAV42CP014)

Note: MAV42CP014 is the Pr. Of Lube Oil header.

EOP-DC Logic
EOP-DC Protection Start

LO Pr. LO Pr.
AND (function) O (function) AND <1.1 KSC
<1.1 KSC R
(MAV42CP0 (MAV42CP0
11) (function) 11)

EOP DC SLC ON
O
R

HP Casing (outer) HP Casing (outer)

Top mid. Temp Bottom mid.
(50%) > 120 Deg C Temp
(MAA50CT053) (MAA50CT054A)
(50%) > 120 Deg C

Note: MAV42CP011 is the Lube Oil Header Pr.

JOP-AC Logic
JOP-AC Auto Start

JOP-AC SLC ON AND Turbine Speed < 510

RPM

JOP-AC Auto Stop

O
(function) R (function)

Turbine
AND JOP-AC SLC ON
Speed
O
> 540 RPM (function-1) R (function-3)

(function-2)
JOP-DC Logic

JOP-DC Auto Start

T-ON O
AND 3 Sec (function-1) (function-2)
R
Turbine
Turbine
Speed SLC JOP-DC ON AND Speed
< 510
< 510
RPM
RPM
JOP Disch Hearder Pr <150 KSC
JOP-AC Volt Fail
PS (MAV35CP011) (function-3)

SLC JOP-DC ON AND AND JOP-AC OFF Feedback

JOP-AC MCC Dist.

JOP-DC Logic….
JOP-DC Protection Start

O
Fire Protection-2 Optd. R JOP-DC Protection ON

Speed < 510 Speed > 15

AND
RPM RPM

JOP-AC OFF JOP-AC Volt

Feedback Fail
RESETTING OF MTV FOR MAIN TRIP VALVE
TRIPPING OF MTV
ESTABLISHING FOR TRIP
TRIP/AUX
KILLING
OIL TRIP OIL

DRAI
N

TRIP OIL TO RESET/OPEN STOP VALVE CONTROL OIL

& FOLLOW-UP VALVES ETC TO FROM
PRODUCE SECONDARY OIL (0(4.8-6.0
Kg/cm2) AOP/MOP(6-8.5
Kg/cm2) Kg/cm2)

AUX TRIP OIL TO

HYDRAULIC TRIP DEVICES
(4.8-6.0
(0 Kg/cm2)
Kg/cm2)

AUX START-UP OIL FROM

STARTING DEVICE (“0”
POSITION)
 TRIPPING OF MTV THROUGH
RTSV (ELECTRICAL) TRIPPING THROUGH
RTSV

REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID

OPERATED VALVES
CONTROL OIL FROM
AOP/MOP
TRIP OIL TO HOLD STOP
V/V’S & AND TO PRODUCE
SECONDARY OIL
Filter
DRAI
N

AUX START-UP
OIL TO RESET AUX TRIP OIL TO
MTV HYDRAULIC TRIPING
DEVICES
 TRIPPING OF MTV THROUGH TRIPPING THROUGH HYD
HYDRAULIC TRIP DEVICE TRIPDEVICE
(MECHANICAL)

REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID

OPERATED VALVES
CONTROL OIL FROM
AOP/MOP
TRIP OIL TO HOLD STOP
V/V’S & AND TO PRODUCE
SECONDARY OIL
Filter
DRAI
N

AUX START-UP OIL TO

RESET HYD TRIP DEVICES

AUX TRIP OIL TO

AUX START-UP HYDRAULIC TRIPING
OIL TO RESET DEVICES
MTV

HYDRAULIC
TRIP DEVICE
AUX TRIP OIL TO
THE HYDRAULIC
TRIPING DEVICES
 RESETTING OF RTSV, HYD. TRIP RESETTING OF RTSV, HYD. TRIP DEVICES & MTV
DEVICES & MTV THROUGH THROUGH

REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID

OPERATED VALVES
CONTROL OIL FROM
AOP/MOP
TRIP OIL TO HOLD STOP
V/V’S & AND TO PRODUCE
SECONDARY OIL
Filter
DRAI
N

AUX START-UP AUX START-UP OIL

OIL TO RESET TO RESET
MTV HYDRAULIC TRIP
DEVICES

HYDRAULIC
TRIP DEVICE

AUX TRIP OIL TO

THE HYDRAULIC
TRIPING DEVICES
 OVER-SPEED TRIP DEVICE
THE TWO OVER-SPEED TRIPS ARE PROVIDED TO PROTECT THE TURBINE
AGAINST OVER-SPEEDING IN THE EVENT OF SUDDEN LOAD REJECTION.
EACH OVER-SPEED TRIP CONSIST OF AN ECCENTRIC FLY BOLT FITTED IN THE
SHAFT WITH ITS CENTER OF GRAVITY DISPLACED FROM THE AXIS OF ROTATION
AND HELD IN THE POSITION AGAINST CENTRIFUGAL FORCE BY A SPRING.
IF THE SPEED EXCEEDS THE PRE-SET VALUE (10% & 11%), CENTRIFUGAL
FORCE OVERCOMES THE SPRING FORCE AND THE ECCENTRIC BOLT FLY
OUTWARDS SUDDENLY TO THE OUTER LIMIT POSITION.
IT STRIKES THE PAWL OF THE OVER-SPEED RELEASING DEVICE WHICH
RELEASES (LATCHING OUT) THE PISTON OF TRIPPING DEVICE . THROUGH
COMBINED SPRING FORCE AND AUX.TRIP OIL PRESSURE ,THE PISTON IS MOVED
TOWARDS THE TURBINE SHAFT AND OPENS THE AUX. TRIP OIL CIRCUIT TO DRAIN
THEREBY TRIPPING THE MAIN TRIP VALVE WHICH RESULTS IN TURBINE TRIP.
OVER-SPEED TRIP TEST
OVER-SPEED TRIP CAN BE TESTED USING TRIP DEVICE WITH THE TURBINE
RUNNING EITHER ON LOAD OR OFF LOAD .
TEST SEQUENCE : THE APPROPRIATE HYDRAULIC TEST SIGNAL TRANSMITTER
(HTT) IS (10% & 11%) ENERGISED AND ADMITS CONTROL OIL INTO THE TEST
CHANGEOVER VALVE . THE TEST CHANGEOVER VALVE IS MOVED INTO ITS LOWER
LIMIT POSITION, ALLOWING TEST OIL TO INJECT INTO THE OIL SPACE OF THE
OVER-SPEED STRIKER . AS THE TEST OIL PRESSURE INCREASES RESULTING
INCREASE IN CENTRIFUGAL FORCE CAUSING STRIKER TO FLY OUTWARDS INTO
TRIP POSITION AND OPENS THE AUX.TRIP OIL CIRCUIT TO DRAIN THEREBY
TRIPPING THE MAIN TRIP VALVES.
LATCHING IN : ONCE THE TRIP HAS BEEN INITIATED, APPROPRIATE SOLENOID
VALVE (HTT) IS DE-ENERGISED AND THE TEST CHANGEOVER VALVE IS RETURNED
TO ITS INITIAL POSITION BY SPRING FORCE . WHILE TEST OIL PR. IS DECREASED,
THE OVER-SPEED STRIKER SPRING BACK INTO THEIR NORMAL POSITION.
SUBSEQUENTLY RESET SOLENOID VALVES ARE ENERGISED AND ADMITS
CONTROL OIL INTO THE AUX.START-UP OIL CIRCUIT TO THE DIFF. PISTON OF THE
OVER-SPEED TRIP RELEASING DEVICE. THE VALVE IS MOVED OUTWARDS AND
LATCHES IN AGAIN AND RESET SOLENOID VALVES GET DE-ENERGISED.
LEGEND OVER SPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE ( FOR ATT )
1.CONTROL OIL (NORMAL CONDITION FOR ATT)
HTT
2.TEST OIL TO TRIP DEV. 2
3.AUX.TRIP OIL
4.AUX.START-UP OIL DRAIN
5.MEDIUM DRAIN
3
1

CONTROL OIL

5
5

3 4

3 5 2 1 4
 OVER SPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE ( FOR ATT )
LEGEND
(ABNORMAL CONDITION FOR ATT)
1.CONTROL OIL
HTT
2.TEST OIL TO TRIP DEV. 2

3.AUX.TRIP OIL
4.AUX.START-UP OIL DRAIN
5.MEDIUM DRAIN
3
1

CONTROL OIL

5
5

3 4

3 5 2 1 4
LEGEND OVER SPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE
(NORMAL CONDITION)
1.CONTROL OIL MANUAL OVER SPEED TRIP TEST
SEQUENCE.
2.TEST OIL TO TRIP DEV.
HTT
2
3.AUX.TRIP OIL
4.AUX.START-UP OIL
5.MEDIUM DRAIN DRAIN

3
1

CONTROL OIL

5
5

3 4

3 5 2 1 4
LEGEND OVER SPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE (1/6)
1.CONTROL OIL
2.TEST OIL TO TRIP DEV. HTT
2
3.AUX.TRIP OIL
4. AUX.START-UP OIL
DRAIN
5.MEDIUM DRAIN
3
1

CONTROL OIL

5 PRESS THE KNOB#1 AND HOLD

5
IT TILL TEST COMPLETION.
1

3 4

3 5 2 1 4
LEGEND OVER SPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE (2/6)
1.CONTROL OIL
2.TEST OIL TO TRIP DEV. HTT
2
3.AUX.TRIP OIL
4. AUX.START-UP OIL
DRAIN
5.MEDIUM DRAIN
3
1

CONTROL OIL

5 PRESS THE KNOB #2, SIGNAL OIL

5
INJECTED TO THE OVERSPEED
1 TRIP DEVICE. ENSURE THE TEST
OIL PRESSURE IS ADEQUATE AT
3 LOCAL GAUGE.
4

3 5 2 1 4
LEGEND OVER SPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE (3/6)
1.CONTROL OIL
2.TEST OIL TO TRIP DEV. HTT
2
3.AUX.TRIP OIL
4. AUX.START-UP OIL
DRAIN
5.MEDIUM DRAIN
3
1

CONTROL OIL

5 RELEASE THE KNOB #2, ENSURE

5
THE TEST OIL PRESSURE IS ZERO
1 AT LOCAL GAUGE .

3 4

3 5 2 1 4
LEGEND OVER SPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE (4/6)
1.CONTROL OIL
2.TEST OIL TO TRIP DEV. HTT
2
3.AUX.TRIP OIL
4. AUX.START-UP OIL
DRAIN
5.MEDIUM DRAIN
3
1

CONTROL OIL

5 PRESS THE KNOB #3, INJECT THE

5
CONTROL OIL AS AUX START-UP
1 OIL TO OVER SPEED TRIP DEVICE
FOR RESETTING.ENSURE THE AUX
3 START-UP OIL PRESSURE IS
4 ADEQUATE AT LOCAL GAUGE.

3 5 2 1 4
LEGEND OVER SPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE (5/6)
1.CONTROL OIL
HTT
2.TEST OIL TO TRIP DEV. 2
3.AUX.TRIP OIL
4. AUX.START-UP OIL DRAIN
5.MEDIUM DRAIN
3
1

CONTROL OIL

5 RELEASE THE KNOB #3 & ENSURE

5
THE AUX. START-UP OIL PRESSURE
1 IS ZERO AT LOCAL GAUGE .

3 4

3 5 2 1 4
 OVER SPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE (6/6)
LEGEND
1.CONTROL OIL
HTT
2.TEST OIL TO TRIP DEV. 2

3.AUX.TRIP OIL
4. AUX.START-UP OIL DRAIN
5.MEDIUM DRAIN
3
1

CONTROL OIL

5 RELEASE THE NOB #1 & MANUAL

5
OVER SPEED TRIP TEST SEQUENCE
1 IS COMPLETED.

3 4

3 5 2 1 4
 OVERSPEED TRIP (MECH)

Overspeed Trip Dev-1: 3300 RPM

Overspeed Trip Dev-2: 3330 RPM

TURBINE OVERSPEED
TRIP DEVICE

AUX START-UP OIL

TO RESET
AUX TRIP OIL

FLY BOTL

Drain

Aux Trip Oil

TURBINE OVERSPEED TRIP DEVICE

Overspeed
Striker-1 &
2

Aux Start up
oil line

Aux Trip oil

line

Test Oil
Line
OVERSPEED TRIP BOLT
THANK YOU