DATE PAGE NO. EXP NO.

PART- A Exlpeiment No. 4

DML ( Data Manipulakan Lanuage)lmalemantahon of
Select, lnset, update Delate. Retrieval a, data f om a
single table using simple queries

|Soltuaie Raquiked : Oracde 109 My saL

Theuay The Datoa Manipulation Language ( DIm) is Csed fa

Aotrieve, Inset and nmodify database infemati a
DL COmmands are 0s tolloWs,
SELeCT
INSERT
3. UPDATt
DELE TE

DseLECT
the latab a se.
SELECT comma nó ls Used to vetrieu data f om
Yehieve the shecitc
nis command allows datalbase users to
infomation they desiye fhom an operatinal clata base
t yehuns a vesut set O, vecoYds fomn
Syntax SELECT * fonm Ktable-na me
GRanple : lf we want dp selict all Yows Tom Emplayee data base,
seLECT KfYom Employee

aNSeRTA
INSÉRT Command is used fov insenting adoto into e table.

any sinale tate in a oatabase.

+is also wsed to aold aece de to an ex(shing Codo
DATE. PAGE NO. EXP. NO.

PART-A Expeximent No. 4

DML ( Dota Monipulahon Lanquage) :lmplementahon of
Select, nseat, Update Delete. Ratyieval q ate ma
single table
to using simple ayeries

Soitwase Requiked: Oracle \0g, My SQL

Theky: The Data Manipulonion languag CDm)s sed fn

otrieve, inset and modify datalbase infaemation
DML cOmmand s are Qs toll oWs,
.SELECT
INSERT
3 UP DAT
4. DELE TE

SELECT
SeLECT comma nd ls Used tD vetrieue data fon the atab ase.
This command allows database users to veti eve the sheciic
intonation they desive fom an oper ational olatabase
4 wehns a vestset o, yecordshem
|Syntax SeLecr * fom Ktable-na me
Gamlple i lf we want do select oale Yows Yom enplayee database,
seLECT KfYom Emþloqee

INSERTn
INSE RT comma nd is wsed fov in seving adoto into a table.

amy sinale t a ein a latabase.

Lt is also used to aold e Co d_to an ex(stin Code
cole
NHCE,BANGALORE
DATE: PAGE NO........ EXP NO..4

Suntax: INSERT \nto <tadlenane) (call name < dotatyha,

col2 name Kdatatye 2 Coln name Kdatay pe ?
NauesValel, vale 2, Vale n):
Example INSERT (nto employeeENo'int, ename' Vandhavllo),
cihy' vavchar2 (io)) Vaues(Mahi' Bangalove)

3) UPDAE
Updote command is used to modity thne vecords hresent n
eristing tale
nis command updates exishing data within e iahle
f changcs tne data a, or ae me keceda in a table
SyntaX: UPDATE Ktable name> SET COalumnname =Vaez
WHERE conditen
Example : QpDATE employ ee SeT Salas :20000 wHEKE
ename Rachel'

4 DELETe
DELECE Command is used so delete sUne all YecoY os

Hem the eris0ng table

Q table

Suntox DELE TE FROMn <tablenome> 0here Kcondiion:

Example : pELETE EROM employee uhee empic
CONCLsioN:
n his waywe have to perform Hhe erpeximent
mplevaentan on a DML CommQnde.

NHCE, BANGALORE.
DATE: PAGE NO EXP NO....2.

ART-A ENpeximent No 5
Implementaion Constaints : NDT NULL, Rimay Kay
Eoriengn Key, Uniquue. Cmbining tables avd ereCuti on
ayuerie on such tables ( Gioup by cnd Hawin clauise)
Sotuane Requivedi Okacle 10g, My sat

heLeRiy SQL constralnt Q1e useð to spechy Yules foe the

data in a table. Consiaiats ae used to limit the type 4
data that can ao in a tab le. This_ ensu eg the acCuYOCy and
eiali ty q the data in the table.f thes is any violatim
aborted
þehuoen 1he censtaint and t e doda achon,theQchian is
Constaintt Can be Column level e tabe level
Comn level censnaints a y to o columnn
Table lee Cemshci nts apply to the whole teble

NOT NUL :
NOT NULL
BudetoLt, aolumn can hold nuLL ualies. ha
Walues.
Conshaint enforces a Column to AOT eccept UCC
Ihis enforces a feld to anays contoln a vale
Syntax
CReEATE TABLE Ktablenane> (ol nama datay pe(size) NorA);
EKample
CREATE TABLE shAdent(Sno umbee(3) NoT NULL, name
Maxchav2(i0);

Ihe UNIVE cOnshaAÍnt ensures hat cle vales in a

column (S)
Column Oue difeRAE ie a valuntesod in
NHCE,BANGALORE.
DATE PAGE NO.....Q. FXP NO................

dainad In theniqe censthaint must not be kahaaed

OCYOSS 4he cotumn(s) Atable may houe many wniaue kays
SUNTAY:
CREATE TABLE talde name> ColLname data tyhelsize) UNIQe)

CREATE TABLE Shudene (sno Numbe (3) uNIQUE,name CH AL1O,

PRIMARY KE4i
Afeld which is used t identifya yecord uniquey. A column
cOmbination 9 columns can be caLated as priMay ke
which can be Weo Qa a ane om othee teb les. A tcable
Hhat contains primay key is called mastee teble
SVNTAX:
REATE TA BLE Stable name> (esname Catatype(si|e).
PRIMARY KEY nol name data tu pe(Si|e)
EXAMPLE :
CREATE TABLE facuty(feode Num ber(3) RIMARY KEs
fname chalio))
FORENGN KEU :
ca field er eollecti n 0f fields in one
table,hat eteys to the PRIMARY Ke 4 in anotmes tab le.
he table twita the fbneiqn key is calle the child table,
and ihe ica ble witth primaxs ky is Callad pant table
sUNTAX:
CREATE TABLE table-name Conane datatype(si2e)
FDRELGN KEY olumnn-name) KEFRENCES tablename)

CReATe TABLE Subieck (Scode numbea 3 PRLMARY Ike4,

suhnae chaL0)hpde nuumbel 3) FORELGN KEY
DATE: PAGE NO. ........ . . . EXP. NO......

ReFeReNCe faulty)
Gko0P BY: 1his qu is used to qre to a l the hecos de
in a aeloation togenes fae each and uey vae qa
a Selecteo sel
sheuihi Value and thon display tham
e ields the alaien
SYNTAx: SELE CT <Set. of fields> FROm <velaion. nane>
GROUp B4<ieldname
Example SELEcT empNo, SumSal) ERom Emp gep by
EmpNe
6 GROUP BY- HAUING
clause was_ aodeto S L because the wHELE
he HAVING
eyword could not be Used with aagseqate funciong, Ihe
HAVLNG clau se muS+ follow the GRouP By cowse in a
and must also þyece de tho ORDER BY couse if Lee
S4ntaxi SELECT col-namne, aggreq ate fn(olname) EROM table name
wHERE column name oeate vale
GROUP B4 colmn-name
HAVING a¡greaata. unchon (eolumn name)
CKample SeLECT Countl ustomee. 1D),ountry
FROm AUStameis

HAVIN G Count(Custorner 1D) S:

coNCLUS JoN)
An this w we have to þevfox rn t e er peviment
imalamantation Conshaints.

NHCE, BANGALORE.