ASUMBI GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL
THE NATIONAL LONGHORN CHEMISTRY CONTEST
10TH EDITION
Junior Category
NAME…………………………………………………SCHOOL…………………………CODE………….
School Category: Girls [ ] Boys [ ] Mixed [ ]
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 2023
CHEMISTRY SUNDAY 28th May, 2023
SUNDAY 28th May 2023 2 Hours
2 Hours
Instructions to candidates’
Write your name, school and school code in the spaces provided above
This paper consists of three sections, answer ALL the questions in each section in the spaces
provided
Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used
All workings MUST be clearly shown where necessary
This paper consists of 16 printed pages, candidates should check to ascertain that all pages are
printed as indicated and that no questions are missing
For examiner’s use only
Questions Maximum score Candidate’s score
1-24 80
©2023 ASUMBI GIRLS LONGHORN NATIONAL CHEMISTRY CONTEST.
*The 2023 National Chemistry Contest*
© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 1
SECTION A (40 MRKS)
1.) The electronic arrangement of W3- is 2.8.
a) Write the electron arrangement of the neutral atom of W. (1mark)
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b) What is the most likely formula of the compound formed between W and magnesium?
(1mark)
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2. The table below describes the reaction of some metals with water.
METAL REACTION
S Reacts rapidly with cold water producing many bubbles of gas.
R Reacts very slowly with cold water but reacts rapidly with steam.
K Reacts very rapidly with cold water producing many bubbles of gas and will
explode.
W Only reacts with steam when in powdered form and heated very strongly.
a) Arrange these metals in order of their reactivity beginning with the least reactive. (1mark)
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b) Explain why bubbles are coming out when metal S is reacted with water. (1mrk)
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3.) A mixture contains Hydrogen, Ethene and Ammonia gases. Describe how Hydrogen can be
obtained from mixture. (2 marks)
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 2
4.) Explain why Sodium, Magnesium and Aluminium are arranged in the same horizontal row of
the periodic table. (1mrk)
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5.) Petroleum can be separated into useful substances using the apparatus shown.
refinery gas
gasoline fraction
naphtha fraction
diesel oil fraction
Y fuel oil fraction
petroleum
lubricating fraction
and bitumen
i)Name the fraction which is the most viscous. (1mrk)
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ii) Fraction X is used as jet fuel, Name fraction X. (1mrk)
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6.) Describe how you can determine the pH value of folic acid tablet using universal indicator
solution. (2marks)
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 3
7.) (b) The formulae of insoluble compounds can be found by precipitation reactions. To 12.0
cm3 of an aqueous solution of the nitrate of metal T was added 2.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium
phosphate, Na3PO4. The concentration of both solutions was 1.0 moles / dm3. When the
precipitate had settled, its height was measured.
The experiment was repeated using different volumes of the phosphate solution. The results are
shown on the following graph.
What is the formula of the phosphate of metal T? (2 marks)
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8.i) Paper chromatography is a method of separating colours or dyes. Give two properties that enable
the components of a mixture to be separated by paper chromatography. (1mark)
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ii) Name the apparatus that a student will use to accurately measure 28.5g of a solid substance
in the laboratory. (1mk)
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 4
9.) Starting with Magnesium metal describe how you would prepare hydrated Magnesium
sulphate. (2mrks)
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ii) Explain why it is not safe to prepare Sodium chloride by reaction of sodium and Concentrated
hydrochloric acid. (1mrk)
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10.) Naturally occurring copper has a relative atomic mass of 63.55 and consists of two isotopes
63Cu and 65Cu. Calculate the percentage abundance of the most abundant isotope of copper.
(2marks)
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11.) The set-up below was used to prepare a gas Q.
Give two reasons why calcium is not the most appropriate in this preparation. (2mrks)
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 5
12.) Starting with Brass describe how you can obtain Copper from it. (2mrks).
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13.) Name the method used to obtain argon from its source (1mrk)
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b) Give One Industrial use of argon (1mrk)
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14.) Phosphorous smoulders in air as it reacts with oxygen. A student decides to use phosphorous
to determine the percentage of oxygen in air and set up the experiment as shown in the diagram
below.
Draw a set –up that will be obtained at the end of the experiment. (2mrks)
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15.) A metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce a gas. describe how to identify the gas.
(1mk)
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 6
16.) The apparatus shown was set up.
i)After sometime an observation was made on the water, state the observation
made. (1mrk)
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ii)Write ionic equation for the reaction taking that would take place. (1mrk)
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17.) State Grahams Law diffusion (1mrk)
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b) 50 cm3 of Carbon (IV) Oxide diffuses through a porous plate in 15 seconds. Calculate the time
taken by 75 cm3of Nitrogen (IV) Oxide to diffuse through the same plate under similar conditions.
(C=12, O=16, N=14) (2mrks)
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18.) Foam type is a type of fire extinguisher. Name two salts present in the Foam type. (1mark)
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 7
b.) Copper is one of the most commonly metals used in electroplating. State two reasons why it is
preferred other than resistant to corrosion. (1mark)
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19.) During welding of fractured railway lines by thermite reaction 12g of oxide of iron is reduced
by aluminum to 8.4g of iron. Determine the empirical formula of the oxide (Fe= 56) (O= 16).
(2 marks)
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20.) Transition elements and Group I elements have some similar physical properties.
They can both:
● be hammered into a shape
● conduct electricity
● be stretched into wires.
(i) Name the term used to describe the ability of elements to be hammered into a shape
(1mrk).
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(ii) Describe what happens to the particles in iron when it is hammered into a shape.
(1mrk)
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 8
SECTION B (29 MARKS)
21.) The grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow. Letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
B
Q R S E
T U V W X Y
Z
i) Select a letter that represents the most reactive non-metal. Explain. (1 mark)
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ii) One of the oxide of element Y is chlorine pentoxide. Write down equation when this oxide
dissolves in water. (1mrk)
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iii)Compare atomic radius of element U and V explain (1mrk)
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iv)element E is used in advertisement lights, identify the property for its use and give a reason for
your answer. (1 mark)
Property………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Reason…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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v)Compare the melting and boiling point of element Sand E . (1mrk)
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 9
b ) What is ionization energy? (1mark)
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c) An element X has the following ionization energies.
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
Ionization energy 738 1451 7733 10543 13630 18020
(kJ/mole)
i) What is the formula of the chloride of X? (1mark)
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(ii) Explain your answer. (1mark)
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d)Magnesium and calcium are Group II elements.
i) Complete Table 2.1 to show the electronic configuration of a calcium atom. (1mrk)
Describe how the electronic configuration of a Magnesium atom is: (1mrk)
ii)Similar to the electronic configuration of a calcium atom.
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(ii) Different from the electronic configuration of a calcium atom.
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 10
22.) Study the flow chart below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
a) Name the following substances. (2mrks)
i)White precipitate R
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ii)White precipitate A
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iii)State the condition in step II …………………………………………………………….(1mrk)
b) Write ionic equation for the reaction in process I (1mrk)
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c)A sample of 2.34g of a metal T displace 3.20g of Copper from excess aqueous copper(II)sulphate.
Determine the charge on an ion of metal T (T=69, Cu =64), (3mrks)
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 11
d) The diagram below represents set-up that can be used to prepare and collect oxygen gas
(a) Name solid P………………………………………………………. (1mark)
(b) Explain why Oxygen gas is insoluble in water. (1mark)
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(c) Explain why it is important not to collect any gas for the first few seconds of the experiment.
(1mark)
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d)Write chemical equation for the reaction taking place in the flask. (1mrk)
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23.) The flow chart below shows some of the stages in the manufacture of the
sodium carbonate by the Solvay process. Use it to answer the questions that
follow;
© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 12
a) Explain why the process above in more efficient. (1mrk)
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b) Name substance N (1mark)
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c)Name the process taking place in.
Step II……………………………………………………………………….. (1mark)
Step III………………………………………………………………………. (1mark)
d)After removal of trona from the sea water, a solution rich in sodium chloride
remains, describe how sodium chloride is obtained from sea water. (2mrks)
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e) Write equation for the reaction in step I (1mrk)
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f) When water is added to silicon(IV) chloride, the temperature of the solution rises rapidly and the
pH of water drops from 7.0 to 3.0.
Write equation for reaction taking place. (1mark)
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© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 13
SECTION C (11MRKS)
24.) A student investigated the reaction between aqueous potassium hydroxide and two different
aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid labelled solution A and solution B.
Note
Potassium hydroxide was prepared by dissolving 3.5g of potassium hydroxide pellets in a given
volume of water and the solution was diluted to 250cm3 of solution.
Two experiments were done.
(a) Experiment 1
● A burette was filled with solution A. Some of solution A was run out of the burette so
that the level of solution A was on the burette scale.
● A measuring cylinder was used to measure 25 cm3 of the aqueous potassium
hydroxide.
● The aqueous potassium hydroxide was poured into a conical flask.
● Five drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the conical flask.
● Solution A was added slowly from the burette to the conical flask, while the flask was
swirled, until the solution just changed colour.
Use the burette diagrams to complete the table for Experiment 1. (2mrks)
7 16
8 17
9 18
initial reading final reading
Experiment 1
Final burette reading /cm3
Initial burette reading/cm3
volume of solution A added/cm3
© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 14
a) Calculate the Number of moles of potassium hydroxide solution in 25cm3. (1mrk)
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b) Calculate the molarity of hydrochloric acid solution A in experiment 1 (1mrk)
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Experiment 2
● The conical flask was emptied and rinsed with distilled water.
● The burette was emptied and rinsed with distilled water.
● The burette was rinsed with solution B.
● The burette was filled with solution B. Some of solution B was run out of the burette so
that the level of solution B was on the burette scale.
● A measuring cylinder was used to measure 25 cm3 of the aqueous potassium
hydroxide.
● The aqueous potassium hydroxide was poured into the conical flask.
● Five drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the conical flask.
● Solution B was added slowly from the burette to the conical flask, while the flask was
swirled, until the solution just changed colour.
Use the burette diagrams to complete the table for Experiment 2. (2mrks)
7 26
8 27
9 28
initial reading final reading
Experiment 2
Final burette reading/cm3
Initial burette reading/cm3
volume of solution B added/cm3
© Asumbi Girls High School – The National Longhorn Chemistry Contest 10th Edition 2023 Page 15
c)State the colour change observed in the conical flask at the end-point in Experiment 2.
from ................................................................ to ................................................................ (1mrk)
d)Before starting the titration in Experiment 2 the conical flask was rinsed with water.
Explain why the conical flask was rinsed with water. (1mark)
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e) Calculate the concentration of hydrochloric acid, Experiment 2. (1mark)
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f) Deduce how many times more concentrated this solution of hydrochloric acid was than the
other solution of hydrochloric acid. (1mark)
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g) Identify one change that could be made to the apparatus to improve the accuracy of the results.
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Solving Chemistry paper 1 and 2
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