ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS & VECTOR

CALCULUS

UNIT-I

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define exact differential equation.

2. Solve (e y +1 ¿ cos x dx + e y sin x dy =0

3. Solve ydx−xdy =a ( x 2 + y 2 ) dx

dy
4. Find the integrating factor of − ysin 2 x=cotx
dx

5. Define orthogonal trajectory.

6. Find the orthogonal trajectory of x 2− y 2=a2 where ‘a’ is the parameter

7. Write the general form of the Bernoulli’s Equation in ‘y’ and ‘x’ terms

8. Define self-orthogonal system of family of curves

9. State Newton’s law of cooling.

10. Write the general solutions of natural law of growth and decay

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Solve ( x 2 y 2+ xy +1 ) ydx + ( x 2 y 2−xy +1 ) xdy=0

2. Solve y ( xy +e x ) dx−e x d y=0

3. Solve ( 1+ y 2 ) dx=( tan−1 y−x ) dy

dy
4. Solve ( x +2 y )
3
=y.
dx
dy 3 2
5. Solve + xsin 2 y=x cos y
dx
dy 2
6. Solve + ytanx= y secx
dx
7. Solve ( 1+ y ) + ( x−e
2 tan −1 y
) dy =0
dx
2 2
x y
8. Find the orthogonal trajectory of the family of confocal conics 2 + 2 =1 ,
a a +λ
where λ is the parameter

9. Prove that the system of parabolas y 2=4a(x+a) is self-orthogonal

10. The temperature of the surrounding air is 20oC. The temperature of a hot body reduces
from 100oC to 80oC in 10 minutes. What will be the temperature of the body after 20
minutes? When will be the temperature 40oC?

11. The number N of bacteria in a culture grew at a rate proportional to N, the value of N was
Initially 100 and increased to 332 in one hour. What was the value of N after 1½ hour?

12. Uranium disintegrates at a rate proportional to the amount present at any instant. If
M 1∧M 2 are grams of uranium that are present at timesT 1∧T 2 respectively, find
the half -life of uranium.

UNIT-II

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

2
1. Solve( D −3 D+4 ) y=0

2. Write the general solution of ( D 3−D ¿ y=0

3. Find the complete solution of ( D 4+ 16 ) y=0

4. Solve ( D 2 +2 D+1 ) y=e− x .

5. Find the P.I of ( D 2 +1 ) y=x

6. Find the P.I of ( D 2 +2 ) y=e x cosx

7. Solve ( D 2 + 4 ) y=sin2 x

8. Solve ( x 2 D 2−4 xD+ 6 ) y=0.

9. Define wronskian of two functions and give an example.

10.Write the general form of Euler- Cauchy’s linear equation of order ‘n’

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Solve ( D 3 +2 D 2 + D ) y=e 2 x + x 2+ sin 2 x

2. Solve ( D 2 +5 D−6 ) y=sin 4 xcosx

3. Solve ( D 2 +3 D+2 ) y=x e x sinx

2
d y dy
4. Solve the differential equation 2
−4 + 4y = 8e 2 x sin 2 x .
dx dx

5. Solve( D 2−1 ) y =xsinx

6 Solve ( D 2 + 4 D+3 ) y=e x cos 2 x−sin 3 x

7. Solve ( D 2−2 D−3 ) y=x 3 e−3 x

8. Solve by the method of variation of parameters( D 2 +1 ) y=sec x

9. Solve ( D 2 + 4 ) y=tan 2 x by variation of parameters.

2
d y 2 dy
10. Solve the differential equation x 2
−x + y = logx
dx dx

( )
3 2
3 d y 2d y dy
11. Solve x 3
+3 x 2
+ x +8 y=65 cos (logx)
dx dx dx

d2 y dy
( x+ 1)2 2
−3( x +1) + 4 y=x 2 + x +1
dx dx
12. Solve
UNIT-III

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define Laplace transformation, and write its existence condition.

2. Define an exponential order function and give an example.

3. Prove the linear property of Laplace transformation.

4. Verify whether f ( t )=t 3is exponential order and find its Laplace transformation.

5. Find (i) L{ e−3 t (cos 4 t+ 3sin 4 t) } (ii) L{ t 3 e−3 t }

{ } {1−cost }
−at −bt
e −e
6. Find (i) L (ii) L
t t

7. Define periodic function and give an example

8. Find (i) L
−1
{tan −1 a
s
+ cot−1
s
b } (ii) L −1
¿

10. State convolution theorem.

11. State second shifting theorem

12. Define (i) Unit step function (ii) Dirac delta function and find its Laplace transform.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Find the Laplace transform of f ( t )= {costsint0<tt > <π π

2. Find (i) L{ e−t cos 2 t } (ii) L{ t 2 Cost }

3. Find (i) L{ t e−2t sin 3 t } (ii) L{ t 2 e−3 t Cost }.

{ } { }
t t −t
4. Find (i) L ∫ t e
−2 t
sin 2t dt (ii) L ∫ e Sint
t
dt
0 0

∞ ∞ −t 2
e sin t
5. Using Laplace transform evaluate( i )∫ t e sin 2 t dt (ii) ∫
2 −4 t
dt .
0 0 t

{ }
2
−1 2 s −6 s+ 5
6. Find (i) L−1 ¿ (ii) L−1 ¿ (iii) L 3 2
s −6 s +11 s−6

{ } { }
2 2
−1 s+ 3 −1 1 (s + b )
7. Find (i) L 2 (ii) L log 2 2
s −10 s+29 2 (s + a )

8. Use convolution theorem to find (i) L−1 ¿ (ii) L−1 ¿

9. Using Laplace transform solve the following differential equation
2
dy dy
2
+2 +2 y=5 sint ; given that y (0) = y ' ( 0 ) =0
dx dx
2
dx dx −t
10. Using Laplace transform solve the following D.E 2
+2 +2 x=e sint ; given that
dx dx
' ( 0)
x ( 0 )=0 , x =1

11. Using Laplace transform solve the following differential equation( D 2 +9 ) y =cos 2 t ;

given that y ( 0 )=1 , y ( π2 )=−1

12. Using Laplace transform solve the following D.E y ' ' −3 y ' +2 y=4 t +e 3t ; given that
' (0 )
y ( 0 )=1 , y =1

UNIT-IV

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

(1). Find∇ ( x2 − yz + z 2) .

(2). Find a unit normal vector to the surface z=x 2 + y 2 at(−1 ,−2 , 5).

(3). If á is constant vector then prove that grad ⁡(a⋅ ŕ)=á.

(4). If ŕ =x í+ y ´j+ z ḱ then find div ŕ .

(5). Find div f́ when f́ =grad ⁡( x 3+ y 3+ z3 −3 xyz ).

(6). Prove that ¿ ⁡( ŕ × á)=0 where á is a constant vector

(7). Prove that div curl f́ =0 .

(8). Define Irrotational vector.

(9). Define Solenoidal vector.

(10). Define directional derivative of a function.

(11). In what direction from the point (−1 , 1 ,2) is the directional derivative of ϕ=x y 2 z 3
a maximum. What is magnitude of this maximum.

(12). If F́= y ( a x 2+ z ) í+ x ( y 2−z 2) ´j+ 2 xy (z− xy) ḱ is solenoidal then finda .

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

(1). Find the directional derivative of xy z2 + xz at (1 , 1, 1) in a direction of the normal to the
surface 3 x y 2 + y =z at(0 , 1 ,1).

(2). Find the directional derivatve of ϕ=x 2 yz +4 x z 2 at (1 ,−2 ,−1) in the direction of
¿.
(3). Find the directional derivative of ϕ (x , y , z )=x 2 yz + 4 x z 2 at the point (1 ,−2 ,−1) in the
direction of the normal to the surface f ( x , y , z)=x log ⁡z− y 2 at (−1 , 2 ,1).
(4). Evaluate the angle between the normals to the surface xy=z 2 at the points (4 , 1, 2) and
(3 , 3 ,−3).
(5). Find the value of a and b so that the surfaces a x 2−byz =( a+2) x and 4 x 2 y + z 3=4 may
intersect orthogonally at the point(1 ,−1 , 2) .
(6). Find the angle between the surfaces x 2+ y 2+ z 2=9 and z=x 3 + y 3−3 at the point (2 ,−1 , 2).
(7). Prove that F=2 xy sin ⁡z í+ x2 sin ⁡z ´j+ x 2 y cos ⁡z ḱ is irrotional and find its scalar potential.
(8). Find constants a , b , c so that the vectors Á=( x +2 y +az ) í+(bx−3 y−z) ´j+(4 x + cy+ 2 z ) ḱ is
irrotational. Also find ϕ such that Á=∇ ϕ.
(9). If the vector field F́=( 2 xy z 2 ) í+ ( x 2 z 2+ z cos ⁡yz ) ´j+ ( 2 x2 yz + y cosyz ¿ ḱ is conservative then
find its scalar potential function.
2
2 d f 2 df '' 2 '
(10). Show that ∇ [f (r)]= 2
+ =f (r )+ f (r ) where r =¿ ⃗r ∨¿.
q r dr r
(11). Prove that grad ⁡(á⋅ b́)=( b́ ⋅∇) á+(á ⋅∇ ) b́+ b́ curl á+ á curl b́ .

(12). Show that ¿ ( grad r m )=m(m+1)r m−2

UNIT-V

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. State Gauss divergence theorem.

2. State Green’s theorem.

3. State Stroke’s theorem.

4. If F́=( 4 xy−3 x 2 z2 )i+2 x 2 j−2 x 3 zk prove that work done is independent of the
Curve joining two points.

5. Define Conservative field.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Evaluate∫ F . dr where F́=x 2 y 2 i+ yj and the curve y 2=x in the xy -plane from
c

(0, 0) to (4, 4)

2. Find the work done by the force F́=(2 y +3)i+ xzj+( yz− x)k when it moves a

particle from the point (0,0,0) t0 (2,1,1) along the curve x=2 t 2 , y=t , andz=t 3.

3. If F́=( x 2 + y 2 )i−2 xyj evaluate ∫ F . dr where ’c’ is the rectangle in xy- plane bounded
c

by y=0 , y =b , x=0 , x=a .

4. If F́=4 xzi− y 2 j+ yzk evaluate ∫ ❑ where ’S’ is the surface of the cube bounded by
s

x=0 , x=a , y =o , y=aandz=0 , z=a

5. IF F́=( 2 x 2−3 z) i−2 xyj−4 xk then evaluate (i)∫ (¿ ∇ . F́)dv ¿ and (ii)∫ (¿ ∇ X F́ )dv ¿ where
v v

‘v’ is the closed region bounded by x=0 , y=0 , z=0 ,2 x +2 y+ z =4 .

6. Use divergence theorem to evaluate ∬ ( xi+ yj+ z2 k ) .nds where ’S’ is the surface bounded

by the cone x 2+ y 2=z 2 in the plane z=4.

7. Verify gauss divergence theorem for F́=x 2 i+ y 2 j+ z 2 k , over the cube bounded by the

planes x=0 , x=a , y =o , y=a∧z=0 , z=a.

8. Using green’s theorem, evaluate∫ (¿ 2 xy −x )dx +(x + y )dy ¿, where ’C’ is the closed
2 2 2

curve of the region bounded by y=x 2 and y 2=x .

9. Verify green’s theorem in the plane for ∮ (¿ x −x y )dx +( y −2 xy)dy ¿ where” is the
2 3 2

square with vertices (0 , 0),(2 , 0) ,(2 , 2) and (0 , 2).

10. Evaluate by stoke’s theorem ∫ (¿ e dx+ 2 ydy −dz )¿ where ’C’ is the curve x 2+ y z =9
x

and z=2 .

11. Verify Stoke’s theorem for F́= y 2 i−2 xyj taken round the rectangular bounded by
x=± b , y=0 , y=a.