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The Compendious Bar Reviewer on Civil Law is a comprehensive resource designed for bar exam candidates, providing a question-and-answer format to simplify complex legal concepts. Authored by respected legal professionals from the University of Santo Tomas, it aligns with the latest Bar Exam syllabus and aims to enhance understanding and application of the law. This updated 2024 edition includes new content and reflects the collaborative efforts of various legal scholars to support aspiring lawyers in their exam preparations.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
178 views362 pagesCivil (Divina 2024)
The Compendious Bar Reviewer on Civil Law is a comprehensive resource designed for bar exam candidates, providing a question-and-answer format to simplify complex legal concepts. Authored by respected legal professionals from the University of Santo Tomas, it aligns with the latest Bar Exam syllabus and aims to enhance understanding and application of the law. This updated 2024 edition includes new content and reflects the collaborative efforts of various legal scholars to support aspiring lawyers in their exam preparations.
Uploaded by
APRIL BETONIOCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 362
COMPENDIOUS BAR
REVIEWER
ON CIVIL LAW
Based on Bar Exam Syllabus
ilo TDi
Alden Francis.
(Ciselle Marie T. Gamo-Sisayan
Klinton M. Torvalha
Marne
Julie Ann C. Mangolat
Kristina Mae C. Durana
R.Opina
Ferrer
Alexandra Nicole D, Sugay
Daveriek Angelito F. Pacumio
‘Angel sal M. Romero
2024 EDITION Pilppine Copyright, 2024
By
Nit. Divina ule Ann C. Mangus
‘Kristina Mae C:Darana
‘Loale Mart R.Opina
Matte D. Ferre
Gaelic Marle T.GamoSityan Alexandra Nicole D.Sugny
Klinton M. Toratba Daverick Angelito E.Pacumio
‘Marnll A Sales “Ange Ish M, Romero.
Alonso Roel D. Vargas
[ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
“The athor probs uatorized rprodeton ofthis book, No
potion ofthis book sal be copied o reeodued in books, pamphlets,
Butnes or nets, whee pine, machinecoped, mneograbee,
‘ppewriten, photocopied, scanned or in ay other fem, manner ot
TCnigue for distbuton or sale, witout the wen pemision of the
tnthor Any sopy of this bone witht the conespoaing aunber and
{enue sgnatue ofthe autor or hs repesemtaive on tip, eer
[roceots ro a llepimate source or a possession of ane who bas
ata te beret
Serial No,
ISBN 978-621-02-2320.0
Published and Piney
(CENTRAL BOOK SUPPLY, INC.
1927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City,
Plipines mai infeetaLeom sh
FOREWORD
Mu sways sid about he grandeur of the legal prosesion,
with ts titans and accoutrements seemingly out of reach for
the common folk, and the fame, Tortine and the best of i's
‘hings that avait those win are admite into its allowed hall
At est, that show i appears frm the outside Took in
But the tut is, admission to the legal profession is never 3
slamorous endeavor. Iti 38 painfl as itis complicated. Itakes
patience and wits, bumor and a healhy understanding of the
Juma eonditon
“Mos importantly, one must pass the Ba Afterall, itis the
ukimate test fo detenmine whether the examinee fas leared
‘enough ofthe law to make him or her worthy of being a member
of the legal profession.
‘We lear the law through reading. Constant and plenty of
reading In a school, the professor prescribes th book. For the
bar, the examinee picks his reading materials, With nary @
moment to wate, the chosen book must be complete without
being verbose, as well as engaging and accurate It mus remove.
‘very ite cloud on one's understanding ofthe le
Which s where reviewers like this oe from the Profesors of
the University of Sto, Tomas (UST) Faculty of Civil Law come in.
The Divina Bar Revew Series, made by some of the county's
most respected legal luminaries and eictor, is formatted in
‘Q&A so tet lepal concepts and principles, thet may otherwise
be dificult to comprehend, become far more comprehensible for
reviewees wh hope {© pass, if not ace the bar, and equally
useful for practitioners who wish to refine their craft. Indeed,
cach book's reader-centered approach makes it an essential
‘resource for any eteon in need of edd proficiency inthe law
‘Then agsin, this reviewer is not a reatse; its nt meant to
ive dee into the philosophy of the law, It is akin simply toa wrench that ane needs in order to finish loro task such a8
the Bar, Indeed, Bar candidates can use tis wrench from UST
Law iis as handy and timely a it comes.
1 congratulate the UST Faculty of Civil Law on this
welcome addition to « bar candidate's toolbox, Dean Nilo T,
Divina, no doubt the progenitor and beneftctor for this work, is
slays looking for ways fo help law students ful their dream
of becoming lawyer,
For this the legal education community is rly grateful
Dr, Anna Marie Meanie B, Trinidad
Chairperson, Legal Education Board
FOREWORD
{As the various innovations and elaborate advancements in
‘he conduct of the Bar Examinations and the rules coneming
‘amission othe legal profession continve 1o transform how las
|yadustes prepare for their journey towards the elusive tile of
‘Attorney, tere is no doubt that this has challenged our trator
nethods of taining law students and providing guidance regarding
the rigors of Bar Admission The dipitl ape as indeed found its
vay into the process by instituting the revolutionary digital Bar
Exaayinatons. The implementation of regional Examinations also
made an sppearance inthe field. Taking the stop even further,
the Chaiperson forthe 2023 Bar Examination has lamented the
need “modemize the manner in which we admit those who wish
to join our profession i we ae to keep up with the best practices
that other legal jurisdictions observe-and implement in their
respective areas"
As the President ofthe Philippine Asociation of Law Schools,
1am confident that trough his seemingly thick screen of novel
nd unfaty inthe conduct ofthe Bor Examination, cr stadt
{vals remain the same: to demonsrate knowledge ofthe law and
shite corect application of eal principles and jurispaience
Unsurprisingly, DivinaLaw is in the same boat a¢ the
Academe with this idea, being composed of lawyers who also
‘each in various law schools in the country. Their development
of this collection of Bar Reviewers is a huge boon tle
‘graduates who intend to brave the challenge of taking the 2023
Bar Examination, The extesive scape of this compendium,
coupled wit the beloved Q&A format, is expecied wo be help
‘0 Bar Takers looking for materials 40 hone their substantive
cnowiodge ofthe lw. The incorporation of doctrines rising xt
fof Supreme Court decisions penned by Justice Ramon Path
Hemanda is likewise weleome, given that Bar Questions typically
include those authored by the designated Bar Chairperson. You
‘may see all of these in this collection dedicated to each Bar
‘bjt, resented ina simplified and easy-to-understand context = the Compendious Bar Reviewers. This may well be one ofthe
most ambitious and useil reviewers this season.
‘Congratulations to Divinalaw for this launch! Your eons
sre indeed commendable!
es (2 LM.
President
Philippine Association of Law Schools
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT
‘After reosiving heatet messages of commendation and
iattude fom the 2023 Barakers who used the 2023 Divina
Compendious Bar Review Series, and upon seeing the results of
the recent Bar examinations, am ecstatic and honored to present
the 2024 DivinsCompendiois Bar Review Series,
‘This year, we take this book a leap higher wit ts revised,
updated and expanded contents. The 2024 Divina Compendious
‘Bar Review Seresnow includes Commercial Law ~ the field and
practice closest to my hear. This cretion repesens my 30+
years of experience as lawyer and seademicin, As the sole
futher for this Bar subject in this series, it i effectivelyme
‘ssking the questions © my students, to my examinees, and to my
reviewees It is as if Tam whispering to thei er the answers 0
‘he Bar exam questions. Its as if | am ling them up with &
hand because itis a product of ove. It is work of love.
This year's Compendious Bar Reviewervas revised, updated
and customized in svict accordance withthe latest Ber Exam
Syllabus presaribed by this year’s Bar Chairperson Associate
Justice Mario V. Lopez The prescaaton follows the 2024 Bar
Examination Syllabi to serve as e seamless manual for the Bar-
takers. It was designed 1 lay a Song concptual foundation su
‘ss candidates inter prparaions.
‘This werk is a compendium of findanentl eg principles,
signed in a questonand-answer format, delibemtely raid 10
simulate the testiaking experience for Bar Reviewees. The
‘questions and answers are based on the pertinent provisions of|
Tawrsand regultion’, past Bar Examinations lang an een
Supreme Cour cases, a5 well asthe cass penned by Justice MV.
Lopez. The questions were crafted to test the Bar Reviewees"
knowledge and application ofthe law. Quick answers were then
providedto ai the ear in noting the important concep ‘This 2024 adidonswould nt have heen possible without the
tracious collaboration of Central Book Supply Tne. Tam grate
tother for collaborating again with us and being our constant
pariners in championing legal education,
‘This collection of Bar Reviewers for all Bar subjects
wasauthored by lawyers from Divinalaw—all with string
scademie credentials and many of whom are law professors
1 wish to express my deep appreciation to the subject eam
snd authors for their kind and heroic involvement in this prot,
fs they commit o produe academy competent lets in te
‘county. Ther names should all be mentioned:
For Polltiéal Law: Enrique V. Dela Cruz Jey Nasha
Jemima R. Reyes-Perres, Jeane! L. Chu, Ma, Nina Roem A.
Bonsol, Peter Paolo P. Dim Il, Joseph Lorenz. A. Asuncion,
‘Maria Carissa C. Guinto,Iyla Marie D. Pere, Norbert Peter
Indunan, Stephanie A. Serapio, Joshua Cris F. Aguilar, and
Jonathan Vitor S. Noel
For Tayation Law: Lean Jel M. Mapsombol, Danica Mae
1M. Gondones, ze Javiz M. Arzadon, Isabella A. Rodrignez,
[Ephraim P. Bi, Kara C. Ramos, and Cristian Gio R.Senaro.
For Civil Law: Alden Francis C. Gonzales, Daony
Bunyi, Janna Mae B. Tesson, Ciselie Mare T. Gamo-Sisyaa,
Klinton M. Toralba, Mare A, Sales, Alfonso Roel D. Vargas,
Julie Ans C, Mangal, Kristina Mae C. Darang, Loui-Maet
‘Opina, Tyla Mace D. Ferret, Alexandre Nicole D. Sugay,
Daverik Angelito E, Pacumio, and Angel Ish M, Romeo,
For Labor Law:Alden Francis C. Gonzales, Hariy Jayson
, Reyes, Jarodelyn N. Mabslot Mariel L Iip,Carissa Joyce
R. Gowreon, Karen A. De Vila, Maria Frances Faye R
Guten, and Ila Mati D. Ferer
For Criminal Ls
1B. Mendoza, Bianca
Lorenzo Luigi T. Gaya, Alwyn Faye
el D. Soriano, Danica Mac M4.
GGodores,Barea Jean V. Ramirez, Angelica Mae T. Dest, and
Beatriz Anna 8 Balbscl
For Remedial Law: lan Jemy B. De Leon, Kriy M.
CCancino, Vanpetreani J Pts, Patrica Faith R Laces, ais
Vincent Z, Bemandez, Eden Marcel S. Ragadio, Diverck
Angelito E. Pacumio, John Béward F. Fronda, Maria Frinces
Faye R. Gusierez, Beaviz Anna 8. Balbaca, Larrence Kyle T.
‘Mutioz, Joshua Ejel A. Pasusl and Jovelyane C. Att,
For Legal and Judicial Ethics: Jonna Mae B. Tecson,
‘Nasha Jemima R. Reyes-Perer, Terence Mark Artur 8, Ferrer,
Mark Vixen M. Dorado, Daverce Angelito E. Pacumio, Join
Edward F, Fronds, and Stephanie A. Seapo. am grateful othe
people behind DL Publishing for their continued commitment in
Producing academe materials for the benefit of the. legal
fommuniy:May they continue to publish more materials tht
will reduce competent lyers and Bar topnotchers.
1am thank ote Thomasian community fer their umeavering
supportand for sharing with me the dream to produce more
Inwyers to serve the nation, and to honor and pvt God. Thank
you tothe school administration and faculty for prescribing the
2023 Compendious Bar Review Series, which modesty asie, 1
Claim, helped UST be consistently part af the top performing
Schools in the Bar Examinations, and produce two home-grown
‘Thomasians to be among the Top 10 examinees inthe recent
2003 Bar Examinations.
extend my gratiude to Atys. Ephraim P. Bie, Pio Vincent
RR. Buencaming, and Nicolo Paolo M. Maniked for thet kind
‘words and sharing ther insights on how the 2023 Compendious
‘Bar Reviewer helped them in thelr Bar preparation joumey.
OF course, I thank, 10, the rest ofthe lawyers, members
and saff of DivinaLaw, Without tele competence, hard work,
fn! devoton this colletion would not have been possible 1 thank my wife, chien, and my entre family fr their
love and encouragement as they emainmy inspiration in honing
my cat
Finally, | thank the Father Almighty for giving us the
‘wisdom and allowing us to honor and glorify Him though
‘producing legal educational materials
eo Omnis tora
NILOT. DIVINA
grreczeresosel |
is
5 Judicial Decso
I. Duty to Render Judgment.
I. Conflict of Laws...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TF Fifeet and’ Application of Laws
When Lav Takes Effect; Publication,
Ignorance ofthe Law; Ignorance of Fact
Retroactivty of Laws; Vested Rights Principe.
Mandatory, Prohibitory, and Permissive Laws
Waiver of Rights.
Repeal of Lawn
Interpretation of Doubtful Statutes.
CUNO sen
1. Juisdition: Forum Non Conveniens. 0
2. Choice of Laws Doctrine of Remo
Docwine of Procesual Presumption. 18
3. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgment... 26
TL Human Relations |
Abuse of Rights 2s
1. Acts Contra Bonat More senna 30
2. Breach of Promise of Marie. 30
a
Unjust Enrichment. CC. Thoughtess Extravagance,
D. Tortious Interference.
IIL. Persons and Fi
A. Natural Persons.
1 Capacity to Act: Restretins.
2. Commencement and End of Civil Personality. ”
3. Proof of Death Pn
B. Juridical At
C. Domicile; Residence
D. Surnames.
E,_Absentes.
P. Marla
1, Essential and Formal Requisites 4s
2. Bffecs of Absence, Defect, or lregulary 50
G. Mined Marviages.
H. Vold Marriages; Effects and Remedies
L._Voidable Marriages; fects and Remedies nn
4. Legal Separation
K. Property Relations Between Spouses.
1. Donation Proper Nuptias; Void Donations. 3
2. Matriage Setlements, 1s
3. Judicial Separation of Prope
| Property Regime of Unions Without Mariage
~ Rights and Obi
Paternity and Fil
1. Conceps of Paternity, Filson, and Legitimacy ot
2. Legitimate and llegitimate Childe, ot
4. Legitimsted Chile, 98
4. Adopted Chile ss . 99
0. Supporter
P. Parental Authority.
[_W Property, Ownership and
A. Classification of Property
1 Immovables and Mevabes. Mm
2. Public Dominion; Parimonil; Private his
‘Ownership: Hidden Treasure
"Right of Accesion
Quiet of Tie
CoO neE SP
Possession.
meeoe
p
Actions to Recover Ownership
‘and Possession of Property vee ATT
1 decion Revindicatoria 7
2. decion Pubicana, 179
3. Accion Interdetal 4 181
1H. Easements
1. Nuisance
23
27
230
[Vir tand Titles and Deeds
A. Regalian Doctrine a6 ‘TABLE OF ConTENTS
1B, Nationality Restrictions on Land Ownership wnnccssnese 250
C. Registry of Property swum 283
D. Torrens System; Certificate of Tie sense . 284
F, Original Registration. 265,
1. Who May Apply (PD. Na, 1529, See. 1,
asamended by RA. No. 11873; C.A. No. I4l
asamended; RA. No. 8371, Sec. 12) 267
2. Decree of Registration (P1D. No, 1529, See. 31. 269,
3. Review of Decree of Registation
(PD.No. 1529, ec. 32). 2
4. Innocent Purchaser for Value: Righs
(PD.No. 1529, Sec. 32). 24
23,
291
$ee8, HI) anon 293
2 Involuntary Dealings (PD. No, 1529, Sees. 68,74 and 76)
‘Adverse Clim and Notice of Lis Pendens
(@D.No. 1528, Secs. 1.and 77), 29s
TL, Now-Registrable Properties.
1. Dealings with Unregistered Lands.
4 Assurance Fund
K. Reconstitution of Tite,
G
A. General Provisions (Civil Code, Arts, 74-782).
B. Testamentary Successio
L. Wills (Ans. 783-795) 332
2. Testamentary Capacity (Civil Code, Arts, 796-803)... 335
3. Notaial and Holographic Wills Joint Will
(Civil Coe, ARS, 804-819) 336
‘TABLE OF ConruNTS
4. Witnesses toa Notaril Wil, Qualictions and
Disqualification (Civil Code, Arts, £20-824), 347
5. Codiils and Incorporation by Reference
(Civil Code, AMS. 828-827) sn 349
6. Conflict Rules (Civil Code, Ans. 16:17). 350
7. Revocation of Wills (Civil Code, A, 828-634). 381
8. Republication and Revival of Wills
(Civil Code, Ars. 835-837). ees
9. Allowance and Disallowance of Wills
(Civil Code, Ans. 838-839). saves 385
10. Inston and Substitution of Hers
(Civil Code, Ars. 840-87), venus 388
11. Dispositions with Condition or Term
(Civil Code, Ans, 871-85), : 368
12. Compulsory Heirs Lege
(Civ Code, Ars. 886-914). sone 33
13, Disnheritance (Civil Code, Ants 915.923)... 386
14 Legacies and Devises (Civil Code, ARS. 928-999) ns 390
. Intestate Succession = 392
1. Causes of Intestcy and Relationship,
(Civil Code, Ans. 960-960) eee 37
2 Right of Representation
(Civil Code, Ants 970.977). 395
3. Onder alntesate Succession
(Civil Code, Ans, 978-1018), : 398
_. Provisions Common to esate and Intestate Succession - 411
_____ VIL Obligations and Contracts
A. Obligu a6
1. Civil and Naural Obligations
(Ci Code, APS. 1423 1430) 416
General Provisions (Civil Code, AMS, 1186-1162) oon. 418 ‘TADLE OF CONTENTS
3, Nature and Eres of Obligations
(Civil Code, Ars. 1163-1178), oi
4, Different Kinds of Obligations :
(Civil Code, Arts. 1179-1230) eee ra,
5. Extinguishment of Obli
(Civil Code, Arts. 123
B. Contracts.
1. Essential Requistes of Contract
(Civil Code, Art. 1318) 488
2. Principles of Contracts
(Civil Code, Arts. 1159, 1305-1317) . 495
3. Real vs. Consensual Contract. 505
Form, Reformation and Interpretation
(Civil Code, Ants. 1356-1379. sone 505
5. Defective Contracts 508
.tstoppl (iil Code, Arts 1-149). $28
Nature and Form (Civil Code, Arts, 1488-1488).
TX. Coniraet of Sale
‘Contract of Sale ws. Contact 1 Sl.
1
2. Option Contract :
3. Right of Fist Refusal 583
44, Bamest Money in Contrat oF Sale
and Contre to Sell sua
Capacity to Buy o Sell (int Code, AHS. H489-1492)onne 548
Obligations ofthe Vendor
(Civil Code, Arts. 1489-1505). sis
Double Sale (Civil Code, Art. 1844) 556
Effects of Loss of Thing Sold
(Civil Code, Arts. 1493-1494) 559
Recto Law (Civil Code, Art. 1484)
‘TABLE OF ConreNTS
G. Maced Lav (R.A, No, 6882) =
1. Righs of Unpaid Soler (Civil Code Art 158-188)
| Conventional Redemption
(Civil Code, Arts. 1602, 1606 1618);
[Legal Redemption (Civil Code, Arts, 1619-1635)
4 alae Merial Code, Ars, 18-1608),
A. General Provisions (Civil Code, APIS 1612-1648) case S81
B. Rights and Obligations of Lessor and Lessee
(Civil Cote, Arts 1654167),
. Sublease and Assignment of Lease
(Civil Code, Arts, 1689-1650)
se
586
c XI. Ageney
A, Nature, Form, and Kinds
(Civil Code, Arts, 1868-1883). 589
1B. Obligations of Agent and Prineipal
(Civil Code, Arts. 1864-1918). 593
. Extinguishment (CWit Code, Arts. 1919-1932) $98
‘IL. Credit Transactions
A, Muu and Commodatun
(Civil Cod, Arte 1933-1961) 600
Code Arts, 1962-2009) : 608
and Suretyship (Civil Code, Arts 2047-2081)... 612
D. Real Estate Mortgage
(Civil Coe, Arts, 2088-2092, 2124-2131
E. Personal Property Security Aet (R.A. No. 11087).
ois
620 ‘TABLE OF ConTENTS ‘TABLE oF ConrENTS
Pose Page
1. Acland Compeneiory Damages
____XIIL Compromise Agreement] (Ghia ae Se oe
XIII Compromise AgFEEMER sewers 635 2. Mora Damages (Civil Code, Ars 2217-2220) 0
ee 2. Nominal Drage Civil Code, Ans. 2221-2023) 691
XIV. Quasi-Comiracts 4. Temperate or Moderate Damages
(Gini Cade, ars, 22942225 1
A. Negotorium Gestio (Civil Code, Arts. 2144-2183).
B. Solutio Indebiti (Civil Code, Arts, 2184-2163)
C. Other Quasi-Contracts (Civil Code, Arts, 2164-2178.
5, Liguidated Damages (Civil Code, Art, 22262228) un. 691
6. Exemplary or Corective Damages
(Civil Code, Ans, 2229-2238), oon
K, Damages in Case of Death.
1, Duty of Injured Party an.
XY. Torts and Damages
‘A. Common Principles
1. Tors vs. Crimes, 647 €
2. Torts vs. Contacts 639
B. Clasitication of Torts 62
1. Negligence (Civil Code, Ans. 2176-2194) 652
2. Degrees of Diligence and Negligence; Presumption. 684
3. Imantonal (Civil Code, Arts. 19-35). 659
4 Suict Liability (Civil Code, Arts. 2183-2193;
RA. No, 7594, Arts, 97-102) 605
C. The Tortfeasor; Joint and Direct Liabilities
(Civil Code, Art 2194).
D. Proximate Cause; Concept
Doctrine of Last Clear Chance. on
E, Vicarious Liability (Civil Code, Art. 218
Family Code, Art. 211) 1 6
Bes Ips Login 616
G. Damnurm Absque Injria
H. Defenses in Tort Actions on
1 Medical Negligence and Malpractice.
4. Damages; Kinds of Damages (Civil Code, Art. 2197);
‘When May Be Recovered (Civil Codey Art. 2216). I. Effect and Application of Laws _ |
‘A. When Law Takes Effect; Publication
@ Define Law.
[A: In its general sense, law is defined as te science of moral
laws based onthe rational nee of man, which governs his fee
activity fr the realization of his individual and Socal ends, and
‘which by is very nature is demandable and reciprocal. In its
specific sense, law is defined asa ul of conduc, jis, obligatory,
promulgated by leptimate authority, end of cominon observance
fd benoit?
Q: When do laws the Philippines take eect?
‘Az Laws shall take effect aller Steen (15) days folowing the
completion of their publication in the Official Gazette or in
‘ewspaper of genealerculation in the Philippines, unles itis
‘otherwise provided.”
: What does the phrase “unless tis otherwise provided” as
‘mentioned in Article 2 of the New Civil Code mean?
AA: The pas “unless its otherwise provide” refers ta station
where the law provides fora different effectivity date eer than
fer fifteen (15) dys folowing the completion of the publication
of the law in the Offi Gaze * Thus, publication is indispensable
in every cate, ut the legislature may in ts discretion provide that
the usual fiteen
