A

Project Report
on
FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras
Submitted to the Savitribai Phule Pune University in Fulfillment
of the Requirement for the Award of BE in Computer
Engineering by
Mr. Mahajan Gaurav Jayant [Seat No: B401200183]
Mr. More Pratik Mahendra [Seat No: B401200192]
Mr. Mirpagar Yash Sunil [Seat No: B401200189]
Mr. Mohane Aditya Ravindra [Seat No: B401200190]

Under the guidance of

Prof. M. P. Gangawane

Department of Computer Engineering

Guru Gobind Singh College of Engineering and

Research Centre
Nashik-422009
2024-25
 GURU GOBIND SINGH COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH CENTRE
Nashik-422009
2024-2025
Department of Computer Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the PROJECT REPORT entitled

FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

is submitted as fulfilment of the

Project Examination BE in Computer Engineering

BY

Mr. Mahajan Gaurav Jayant [Seat No: B401200183]

Mr. More Pratik Mahendra [Seat No: B401200192]
Mr. Mirpagar Yash Sunil [Seat No: B401200189]
Mr. Mohane Aditya Ravindra [Seat No: B401200190]

Prof. M. P. Gangawane Prof. P. K. Bachhav & Prof. P. C.

Project Guide Patil
Project Coordinator

Prof. S. G. Shukla Dr. N. G. Nikam

Head of the Department Principal
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that,
Mr. Mahajan Gaurav Jayant [Seat No: B401200183]
Mr. More Pratik Mahendra [Seat No: B401200192]
Mr. Mirpagar Yash Sunil [Seat No: B401200189]
Mr. Mohane Aditya Ravindra [Seat No: B401200190]
of BE in Computer Engineering was examined in the
Project Examination entitled

FlexiPass-Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

At

Department of Computer Engineering

GURU GOBIND SINGH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND RESEARCH CENTRE
Nashik-422009
2024-2025

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Acknowledgement

It is a great pleasure to acknowledge those who extended their support, and con-
tributed time for this project work.
While the project is still in progress, We would like to thank my project guide
Mr. M. P. Gangawane, for his valuable and skillful guidance, assessment and sugges-
tions from time to time improved the quality of work in all respects. We would like to take
this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude towards him, for his invaluable
contribution in completion of this project.
We are also thankful to Mr. Sandeep. G. Shukla, Head of Computer En-
gineering Department for his timely guidance, inspiration and administrative support
without which my work would not have been completed.
We are also thankful to the all staff members of Computer Engineering Depart-
ment and Librarian, Guru Gobind Singh College of Engineering and Research Centre,
Nashik.
Also We would like to thank my colleagues and friends who helped me directly
and indirectly to complete this project.

Mr. Mahajan Gaurav Jayant

Mr. More Pratik Mahendra
Mr. Mirpagar Yash Sunil
Mr. Mohane Aditya Ravindra

i
Abstract

The proposed CCTV Toll Tax Management System aims to revolutionize toll col-
lection by leveraging advanced surveillance technology and internet connectivity. This
system involves strategically placing CCTV cameras on poles at 50 km intervals along
highways. These cameras, connected to the internet, continuously capture vehicle images
and transmit the data to a central database server. The server processes the data to iden-
tify vehicles and calculate the toll charges automatically. To enhance user convenience
and operational efficiency, the system includes a mobile application for users and a web
portal for RTO (Regional Transport Office) officials. The mobile app allows users to view
their toll history, receive notifications, and make payments seamlessly. Meanwhile, the
web portal provides RTO officials with real-time access to toll data, enabling efficient
monitoring and management of toll operations. Additionally, the system incorporates
unauthorized number plate detection and scrapped vehicle identification features. These
functionalities help detect unauthorized vehicles and scrapped vehicles, enhancing road
safety and ensuring compliance with regulations. This integrated approach reduces man-
ual intervention and provides a smooth and transparent toll collection process, ultimately
contributing to improved traffic flow and reduced congestion at toll plazas.

Keywords: CCTV, RTO, RFID, RF, CNN, YOLO, OCR

ii
Abbreviation

Sr No. Abbriviation Full Form

1 OCR Optical Character Recognition
2 RFID Radio-frequency identification
3 DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
4 SHA Secure Hash Algorithm
5 QR Code- Quick Response code
6 API Application Programming Interface
7 React JS React JavaScript library
8 JSON JavaScript Object Notation

iii
List of Figures

3.1 DFD level 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.2 DFD level 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 DFD level 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4 Class Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.5 Activity Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.1 System Architecture of Toll Tax using CCTV Cameras . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.2 ER Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.3 Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.4 Use Case Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.5 Sequence Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.6 Component Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.7 Deployment Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

6.1 Timeline Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

7.1 AI model working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

9.1 Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

9.2 Vehicle Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
9.3 Add Vehicle details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
9.4 User Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
9.5 User Login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
9.6 Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
9.7 Wallet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
9.8 Admin-Dashboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
9.9 Live Camera Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
9.10 Toll Employee Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
9.11 Add Toll Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

10.1 Plagiarism Report 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

iv
10.2 Plagiarism Report 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
10.3 Plagiarism Report 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

v
List of Tables

3.1 Implementation Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

6.1 Modes of development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6.2 Coefficients related to development modes for intermediate model . . . . 33
6.3 Lists of Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6.4 Lists of Developers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

vi
Contents

Acknowledgement i

Abstract ii

Abbreviation iii

List of Figures v

List of Tables vi

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4 Organization of Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Literature Survey 4
2.1 Conclusion From Literature Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3 Software Requirement Specification 8

3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.2 Intended audience and reading suggestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.3 Project Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.4 Assumption and Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 System Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.1 Automated Toll Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.2 Mobile Application for Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.3 Web Portal for RTO Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2.4 Unauthorized Vehicle and Scrapped Vehicle Detection . . . . . . . 13
3.2.5 Secure Data Storage and Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

vii
 3.2.6 System Scalability and Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3 External Interface Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3.1 User Interfaces: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3.2 Hardware Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3.3 Software Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3.4 Communication Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.4 Non Functional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.5 Other Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.5.1 Database Requirements: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.6 Analysis Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.6.1 Data Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.6.2 Class Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.6.3 Activity Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.7 System Implementation Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.7.1 Implementation Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4 System Design 22
4.1 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.2 UML Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2.1 Entity Relationship Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2.2 Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2.3 Use Case Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.4 Sequence Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.2.5 Component Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2.6 Deployment Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5 Technical Specifications 30
5.1 Technology details used in the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

6 Project Estimation Schedule and Team Structure 32

6.1 Project Estimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.1.1 COCOMO Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.1.2 Equations: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.1.3 Organic project: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.1.4 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.2 Project Schedule and Team Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

viii
7 Software Implementation 38
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.2 Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.3 Important module and algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.3.1 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.3.2 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.4 Business logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

8 Software Testing 44
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

9 Result 49
9.1 (Snapshots of the results) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

10 Deployment and Maintenance 58

10.1 Deployment and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
10.1.1 Installation and un-installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
10.1.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Conclusion and Future Scope 60

References 62

Plagiarism Report 64

Paper Publication and Certificate Details 64

ix
Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Overview
One of the issues that we witness every day is the toll plazas. The confusion and poor
management of the toll system are becoming very clear. When traffic is massive and there
is an immediate need for passengers to reach their destination, the situation becomes a
little complicated. There would be just a few people to collect the toll, so running these
large crowded vehicles together is difficult for them. This can create problems such as
traffic jams, noise pollution, poor handling of tolls, and other issues. To overcome these
problems and to have an effective collection of tolls, therefore we are going to design and
implement automated toll collection and, it will be very efficient for both passengers and
the toll authority

1.2 Aim
The purpose of this project is to design and implement an automated toll tax collection
system utilizing CCTV cameras and associated technologies to enhance efficiency, reduce
congestion, and improve revenue collection at toll plazas.

1.3 Objectives
1. Objective 1: High-Resolution CCTV Implementation
Install high-definition cameras at strategic locations to capture clear images of
vehicle license plates.

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

2. Objective 2: License Plate Recognition (LPR) Integration

Utilize LPR software to automate the recognition and processing of vehicle license
plates in real-time.

3. Objective 3: Centralized Data Management System

Create a centralized database to store and manage vehicle identification data, trans-
action records, and payment information.

4. Objective 4: User-Friendly Payment Solutions

Offer multiple payment options (e.g., mobile apps, online payments) for users to
facilitate easy and convenient toll payments.

5. Objective 5: Real-Time Monitoring and Alerts

Set up a system for real-time monitoring of traffic flow and instant alerts for viola-
tions, such as toll evasion or reckless driving.

6. Objective 6: System Audits and Maintenance

Schedule regular audits and maintenance of the CCTV and software systems to
ensure optimal performance and reliability.

7. Objective 7: Stakeholder and User Engagement

Foster communication with users and stakeholders to gather feedback and contin-
uously improve the system.

8. Objective 8: Data Privacy Compliance

Implement measures to protect personal data and ensure compliance with relevant
data protection laws.

1.4 Organization of Report

The rest of this report is organized in the following manner. In all chapters, related
contents are described in detail.

• Introduction (Chapter 1): In this chapter, the overview of existing systems

and their problem is discussed. This chapter describes the aim, motivation, and
objectives of the software system.

• Literature Survey (Chapter 2): In this chapter, Related work done in the Pre-
vious papers have advantages and disadvantages. Related information is available
in standard Books, Journals, Transactions, Internet Websites, etc. is discussed.

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

• Software Requirement Specification (Chapter 3): In this chapter, the de-

tailed description of requirements is specified.

• System Design (Chapter 4): This chapter discusses the proposed system with
the help of system architecture, system design, and UML diagrams

• Technical Specifications (Chapter 5): This chapter, discusses the technical

details used in the project

• Project Estimation Schedule and Team Structure (Chapter 6): This chap-
ter discusses project estimate, brief of COCOMO model, and related calculation
and team structure

• Software Implementation (Chapter 7): This chapter discusses important mod-

ule and algorithm also business logic and archite

• Software Installation (Chapter 8): This chapter gives a briefing about testing
for various modules

• Software Testing (Chapter 9): This chapter discusses about installation and
uninstallation of project as well as maintenance

• Conclusion and Future Scope (Chapter 10): This chapter summarizes and
concludes the project report and give the future scope.

• Plagiarism Report(Chapter 11): This chapter shows the plagiarism report.

Guru Gobind Singh College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik 3

Chapter 2

Literature Survey

1. Naaz, Sheenam, Suraiya Parveen, and Jawed Ahmed, “An artificial in-
telligence based toll collection system”:
Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] is an artificial intelligence-based identifica-
tion system which uses the toll tags [passive RFID tags] for intelligent transport
system that is implemented at highway speeds and simply pays tax. Therefore,
there is no need for attendant resources and cash collection and administration.
This approach eliminates traffic jams and human power. Web based systems are
useful for managing multiple areas. The RFID tag is electrically connected to the
tax deduction at toll plazas and sends a telephone message to the driver There, the
owner of the motor vehicle/ automobile will have a prepaid or post-paid account,
so the toll tax is automatically deducted from the driver’s toll card. The toll gate
stays near the vehicle owner when the toll has to be paid if the vehicle is not fit-
ted with an RFID system then the owner has to pay via cash and if the vehicle
owner happens to have the toll card working fine the he/she will be required to
pay the toll tax via mobile banking in such a case. In the case of reckless driving,
toll gate breaching, the warning notice is immediately sent to the traffic regulatory
authority.[1]

2. Naaz, Sheenam, and Mir Saqlain Sajad, “Radio frequency identifica-

tion [RFID] technology: A studyondawning issues, challenges and future
modifications”:
Used of RFID tags, a significant reduction in the cost of producing them is of
considerable interest. It turns out that printing tags can be a viable option to con-
ventional production. Automatic Identification (Auto-ID) technology which is used
to automatically identify any object. Barcode, magnetic strip, IC card, OCR, voice
recognition, fingerprint Identification technologies, and Optical Strip etc. RFID

4
 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

technology uses automatic data capture system that helps increase the efficiency of
the system. For identification purposes the combination of tag and reader is used.
A code is stored in the RFID tag, and a physical object is attached to it. Now
that object is easily recognizable. Then, object will transmit tag code. In this way
the reader gets information about object. The barcode scanner must be in line of
sight with the label to read the barcode. This means the items or detectors need to
be manually relocated. RFID, however, will read tag data without a line of sight.
The RFID system also needs no alignment. RFID has a high read speed and in the
presence of a barrier this may work. This technology is more effective when longer
reading range, fast scanning and flexible data carrying capabilities are required.[2]

3. Shahare, Neha, Sampada Parsewar, Purva Bhange, Deepali Kshirsagar,

and Rohit Sawwalakhe, “Toll tax collecting system using optical charac-
ter recognition”:
The system is able to count the total number of vehicles that are passing through
the toll plazas. All these things are performing in matlab by using image processing.
Number plate recognition is used to recognize number plate of vehicle captured by
camera as well as text from number plate. Plate localization is responsible for find-
ing and isolating the plate on the image. By using Regionprops function of matlab
the characters of the resulted number plate region are separated which gives us the
defined boxes for each of the characters. The smallest defined box that contains
a character is returned by regioncrops function. This method is used to obtain
the defined boxes as all characters in the number plate. Character segmentation
is used to find the individual character. The individual characters on the number
plate by using character segmentation method. The text is in the form of struc-
tured or unstructured. Before the extraction of text noise needs to remove from the
image. Median filter is used to remove the noise. This is used because it is good
in removing noise from any of the image. Morphological algorithm basically used
to detect the structure taken. Basically use to detect and then to modify it into
proper form. the tolling system works through RFID, thus reducing the manual
effort. When the vehicle moves through the gate it is indicated on RFID reader
that it has crossed the clearing and further it notifies the microcontroller to control
the gate movement. Camera and photovoltaic sensor is used to detect the motion
of the vehicle entering the toll booth area. OCR technique to recognise characters
on the number plate. Then it verifies the owner and one text is send on a registered
mobile number.[3]

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

4. Christopher, Karunanidhi K., Xavier VM Arul, and P. Karthikeyen,

“Smart toll tax automation and monitoring system using Android ap-
plication”:
The framework comprises a transponder (tag), user, antenna, and mobile applica-
tion for monitoring. The transponder is called as a tag which is microchip combined
with receiving wire framework in a minimal bundle. The microchip has an inbuilt
memory and circuits which is used to send and receive information from the user.
The labels in the microchip are either dynamic or latent types. The dynamic labels
come with an inbuilt battery which last a one or two years, and the other one is
the latent label which does not have the battery and fueled by the tag. These tags
are managed and controlled by an electromagnet tag charger which supplies the
energy required by the respective tags. These cards are called passive cards which
require frequency levels such as UHF and LF in order to read and send information
between the user and the system. Moreover, passive tags are collision free and
able to differentiate the signals from different types of vehicles. In heavy traffic
condition, there are multiple signals possible. Hence in order to specifically target
one at a time, such cards are more suitable than the others. The tag id is used
asa unique identity for the account of a particular user When a vehicle attempts to
cross the toll gate, the proposed system prompts the driver to swipe the RFID tag.
On the off chance that the character (sequential number of the tag) with the one
previously put away in the framework, the amount is deducted from his account.
On successful amount deduction, the user will be permitted to cross the toll gate.
This RFID based toll framework likewise has some extra highlights. A new user
can register using an android app and also an old user can reset his account balance
if the balance goes to zero. The amount for reset can be done using an Android
application. In the commencement, the user is provoked to examine his tag or ID.
The sequential code of the tag is recognized by the user module and is sent for
comparison with stored data. On the off chance that the ID is matched with the
database, the toll amount calculated and deducted from the user’s account and the
user is allowed to pass the toll gate.[4]

5. Senapati, Biswa Ranjan, Pabitra Mohan Khilar, and Naba Krushna

Sabat, “An automated toll gate system using vanet”:
An automated toll gate system using Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) to re-
duce average waiting time per vehicle and TST (Total Service Time) at the toll
increases. The two components of VANETs are vehicles – the mobile nodes, Road
Side Unit (RSU) - the static nodes. Based on these two components, communi-

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

cation in VANET is classified into two categories, Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and
Vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) or Infrastructure to Vehicle (I2V). The communica-
tion may be between vehicle to vehicle or between vehicles to infrastructure, but
for the transmission of information from the source node to destination node, an
efficient routing protocol is required. ransmission of vehicle information from the
nearby RSU to Toll Station using minimum end to end delay. Collection of vehicle
information using toll database system by using MongoDB and performing required
operation on the database using node-red. If the vehicle information is not stored
on the toll database system, then during manual collection of tax, information can
be stored in the database. This will avoid the future manual collection of tax.
Total service time is computed using M/M/1 queuing model. an automated toll
tax collection using a routing protocol with the help of RSU and vehicles present
between the RSU and toll station. This is one of the optimum cost techniques and
also reduces the delay as compared to manual toll tax collection. The routing is
compared with the VANET protocol i.e. GSR and A-STAR in terms of E2E delay
and Total Service Time (TST).[5]

2.1 Conclusion From Literature Survey

In conclusion, the implementation of a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system for
toll tax collection presents a significant advancement in the management of intelligent
transport systems. By utilizing passive RFID tags, this technology enables seamless toll
payments at highway speeds, effectively eliminating the need for cash transactions and
manual attendant resources. This not only reduces traffic congestion but also minimizes
the operational burden associated with traditional toll collection methods. Overall, this
innovative approach not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of toll collection but
also enhances user experience by verifying vehicle ownership and sending notifications to
registered mobile numbers.

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Chapter 3

Software Requirement Specification

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Purpose
As traffic congestion and the need for efficient toll collection systems grow, traditional
manual toll booths are becoming increasingly inadequate. They cause delays, increase
operational costs, and contribute to environmental pollution. This system proposes to
implement an advanced, automated toll tax collection system using CCTV cameras,
leveraging modern computer vision and AI technologies to streamline the process, reduce
human intervention, and improve overall efficiency.

3.1.2 Intended audience and reading suggestion

• Government Agencies (RTO, Highway Authorities, etc.): Government
agencies responsible for toll collection, highway management, and road safety can
use the system to improve operational efficiency. They can access the system’s web
portal to monitor toll collection in real-time, view toll data analytics, and man-
age toll operations more efficiently. The automated number plate recognition and
scrapped vehicle detection features help ensure compliance and road safety.

• Vehicle Owners (Toll Users): Vehicle owners can directly interact with the
system through the mobile app to track their toll history and make payments.
Users can submit their vehicle information via the app, receive notifications on
toll charges, and make payments seamlessly. They can also ensure that their toll
history is accurate and receive real-time updates, enhancing convenience.

• System Administrators and Operators: These individuals are responsible for

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managing the system’s back-end processes, monitoring its performance, and en-
suring that the toll operations are running smoothly. Administrators can use the
system to perform diagnostics, manage camera connectivity, and oversee data trans-
mission between the cameras and the server. They may also handle system upgrades
and troubleshoot issues as they arise.

3.1.3 Project Scope

The purpose of this project is to design and implement an automated toll tax collection
system utilizing CCTV cameras and associated technologies to enhance efficiency, reduce
congestion, and improve revenue collection at toll plazas. The project scope of Toll tax
system are as follows:

• System Design and Development: Develop a comprehensive system architecture

that includes high-resolution CCTV cameras, License Plate Recognition (LPR)
software, and a centralized data management system.Design user interfaces for toll
payment processing, monitoring dashboards, and administrative access.

• Technology Integration: Integrate LPR technology for automatic identification of

vehicle license plates. Implement a robust payment gateway for seamless online
and mobile transactions.

• Installation and Configuration: Install high-definition CCTV cameras at designated

toll plazas. Configure software for real-time image processing and data manage-
ment.

• Data Management: Establish a centralized database to store vehicle identification

data, transaction records, and user profiles. Implement data analytics tools for
traffic monitoring and reporting.

• User Experience Enhancements: Develop a user-friendly mobile application and

website for account management, toll payments, and transaction history. Create
a notification system to inform users of toll charges, payment confirmations, and
violations.

• Monitoring and Compliance: Set up real-time monitoring capabilities for traffic

flow and toll compliance. Ensure compliance with data protection regulations and
privacy laws concerning user data.

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• Testing and Quality Assurance: Conduct comprehensive testing of all system com-
ponents to ensure functionality, reliability, and performance under various condi-
tions. Implement feedback mechanisms for continuous improvement based on user
experiences.

• Training and Support: Provide training for operational staff and users on system
functionalities and troubleshooting. Establish a customer support system to assist
users with inquiries and issues.

• Exclusions: The project does not cover physical toll booths or manual cash handling
processes, as the system is designed to operate without these elements. The project
scope does not include maintenance of non-system-related infrastructure, such as
road conditions or external signage.

• Exclusions: The project does not cover physical toll booths or manual cash handling
processes, as the system is designed to operate without these elements. The project
scope does not include maintenance of non-system-related infrastructure, such as
road conditions or external signage.

3.1.4 Assumption and Dependencies

1. Assumption

• Internet Connectivity:The system assumes continuous and stable internet con-

nectivity at the locations of the CCTV cameras for real-time data transmis-
sion. Any disruption in internet service could affect the system’s ability to
process toll data and vehicle identification.
• Camera Functionality: It is assumed that the CCTV cameras are capable of
capturing high-quality images in various weather conditions (rain, fog, etc.)
and at all times of day or night. The system’s image recognition software
will need to adapt to potential variations in image quality due to lighting or
weather.
• Vehicle Compliance: The system assumes that vehicles adhere to standard
registration protocols and that number plates are clearly visible and properly
formatted. The system’s ability to accurately read number plates depends on
this assumption.
• User Engagement: It is assumed that vehicle owners will actively use the
mobile app to check toll history, receive notifications, and make payments.
This assumes a reasonable level of smartphone usage among toll road users.

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• Data Privacy and Security: The system assumes compliance with data privacy
regulations (e.g., GDPR, local laws) to ensure the protection of user data. It
also assumes that encryption methods and security protocols will be in place
to protect the transmission of sensitive information.
• System Scalability: It is assumed that the system will be designed to scale,
handling increasing vehicle volumes and toll stations as more highways are
added to the network.

2. Dependencies

• Camera and Sensor Equipment: The effectiveness of the system depends on

the proper installation, maintenance, and calibration of the CCTV cameras
and other sensors used for vehicle identification. These devices must be highly
reliable to avoid failures in data collection.
• Vehicle Registration Database: The system relies on accurate and up-to-date
vehicle registration data from regional transport offices (RTOs) to properly
identify vehicles and calculate toll charges. Any inconsistency in vehicle data
could lead to errors in toll calculation or identification.
• Central Database and Server Infrastructure: A strong dependency exists on
the central database server’s ability to handle large volumes of data and pro-
cess real-time information efficiently. The server must have the capacity to
scale with increasing data and user load without performance degradation.
• Mobile App and Web Portal Integration: The functionality of the mobile
app for users and the web portal for RTO officials is dependent on seamless
integration with the central database. Any integration issues could hinder
real-time data updates, notifications, or payments.
• Payment Gateway Integration: The system depends on secure payment gate-
ways to process toll payments made through the mobile app. The availability
and reliability of these third-party services are critical for ensuring smooth
payment transactions.
• Legal and Regulatory Compliance:The system depends on compliance with
local government regulations related to toll collection, data privacy, and vehicle
monitoring. Any legal changes or delays in regulatory approval could affect
the deployment and operation of the system.
• User Awareness and Adoption:The successful operation of the system depends
on widespread user awareness and adoption of the mobile application and the

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digital toll payment process. If users do not engage with the app or fail to
update their vehicle information, the system may not achieve its full potential.

3.2 System Features

The CCTV Toll Tax Management System is designed to automate toll collection, enhance
user convenience, and streamline monitoring for authorities. Below are the key system
features:

3.2.1 Automated Toll Collection

• Vehicle Identification: Uses CCTV cameras to capture vehicle images as they pass
toll points. The system employs Optical Character Recognition (OCR) or other
vehicle recognition technologies to identify vehicles based on number plates.

• Automatic Toll Calculation: Once a vehicle is identified, the system calculates the
toll fee automatically based on the type of vehicle, road section, and predefined toll
rates.

• Real-time Data Transmission: CCTV cameras transmit captured images and vehi-
cle data in real-time to a central server for processing and toll calculation.

3.2.2 Mobile Application for Users

• Toll History: Vehicle owners can access and view their toll usage history, helping
them track past payments and toll charges.

• Payment Gateway: Integrated with secure payment gateways, the app allows users
to make seamless payments for their toll charges directly from their mobile devices.

• Notifications and Alerts: The app sends notifications and reminders to users about
toll charges, unpaid fees, and upcoming toll charges when they are about to pass
certain checkpoints.

• User Profile and Account Management: Users can manage their profile, update
vehicle information, and keep track of payment receipts and history.

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3.2.3 Web Portal for RTO Officials

• Real-time Monitoring and Reporting: Regional Transport Office (RTO) officials
have access to a web portal that provides real-time data on toll collections, vehicle
movements, and system status.

• Data Analytics and Insights: The web portal allows officials to generate reports
and analytics on traffic volumes, toll revenue, and system performance.

• Operational Management: RTO officials can monitor and manage system compo-
nents, including camera operations, toll rate updates, and vehicle identification
protocols.

• Unauthorized Vehicle Detection: The portal provides alerts when unauthorized or

scrapped vehicles are detected, helping authorities enforce traffic laws.

3.2.4 Unauthorized Vehicle and Scrapped Vehicle Detection

• Real-time Alerts: The system is able to detect vehicles with unauthorized or missing
number plates and immediately sends alerts to RTO officials.

• Scrapped Vehicle Identification: The system checks the vehicle’s registration status
against a central database to identify vehicles that have been marked as scrapped
or deregistered.

• Compliance Enforcement: Helps ensure that only legally registered vehicles pass
through toll points, contributing to road safety and regulatory compliance.

3.2.5 Secure Data Storage and Privacy

• Data Encryption: All vehicle and payment data transmitted between cameras, the
mobile app, and the central server is encrypted to ensure security and privacy.

• Compliance with Data Regulations: The system complies with relevant data pro-
tection regulations (e.g., GDPR) to ensure that user and vehicle data is securely
stored and handled.

3.2.6 System Scalability and Flexibility

• Expandable Infrastructure: The system is designed to scale easily, allowing for the
addition of more toll stations, cameras, and highways without significant system
overhauls.

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• Modular Architecture: The system’s modular design allows for easy integration
with new technologies or external systems, such as integration with payment service
providers or adding new toll zones.

3.3 External Interface Requirement

3.3.1 User Interfaces:

• Web-Based Dashboard: A user-friendly web interface for toll operators to moni-
tor live feeds from CCTV cameras, view real-time traffic data, and manage toll
transactions.

• Data Reporting Tools: Options for generating reports on traffic patterns, toll col-
lections, and vehicle statistics.

• Alert Notifications: Real-time alerts for incidents, such as toll evasion or camera
malfunctions.

• Mobile Application: An app for drivers to check toll charges, receive notifications
about toll rates, and view real-time traffic conditions.

• Payment Portal: Secure online payment options for users to pay toll fees using
various methods (credit card, mobile wallets, etc.).

• Feedback Mechanism: A feature for drivers to provide feedback on their experience

or report issues.

3.3.2 Hardware Interfaces

• Through CCTV Camera can capture the images or Car number plates by using ,
ANPR Software Interface: Integration with the ANPR software for capturing and
processing license plate images.

• Control Protocols: Communication protocols for configuring camera settings and

managing live feeds (e.g., RTSP for streaming).

3.3.3 Software Interfaces

• Integration APIs: Interfaces to communicate with existing traffic management sys-
tems to provide updates on traffic conditions and receive instructions for dynamic
toll adjustments.

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• Data Exchange Formats: Standard formats (e.g., JSON, XML) for sharing traffic
data, incident reports, and alerts between systems.

3.3.4 Communication Interfaces

• API Documentation: Comprehensive documentation for all APIs and interfaces to
facilitate integration and development.

• User Support Channels: Interfaces for accessing help documentation, FAQs, and
customer support for both operators and drivers.

3.4 Non Functional Requirements

1. Performance Requirements:The system shall process license plate recognition
within 1 second per vehicle. The system shall handle up to 10,000 transactions per
hour during peak times.

2. Safety Requirements: Cameras should be installed at secure heights and angles

to prevent tampering or vandalism while providing optimal visibility of vehicles. All
data transmitted between cameras, processing units, and servers must be encrypted
to protect against interception.

3. Security Requirements: The system shall encrypt sensitive data, such as pay-
ment information and personal data. The system shall implement user authentica-
tion and authorization for access control.

4. Availability: Implement regular automated backups of system data to ensure

quick recovery in case of data loss or corruption. Implement monitoring tools to
continuously track system performance and identify issues as they arise.

5. Functionality: The system shall be scalable to accommodate additional toll plazas

and increased transaction volumes.

3.5 Other Requirement

The system should process vehicle identification and toll transactions within a specified
time (e.g., under one second).The system should handle a high volume of transactions,
especially during peak traffic hours, without degradation in performance.The system
should gracefully handle failures, allowing for recovery without losing critical data or
functionality.

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3.5.1 Database Requirements:

Data Storage Requirements :Store vehicle license plate information, including registration
details, vehicle type (e.g., car, truck), and associated user profiles. Record toll transac-
tions, including transaction ID, timestamp, vehicle ID, toll amount, payment method,
and transaction status (successful, failed). Maintain user profiles for drivers, including
personal information, payment methods, and transaction history. Collect and store real-
time traffic data, such as vehicle counts, peak usage times, and congestion levels at each
toll plaza. Log incidents such as toll evasion attempts, accidents, and system alerts,
including timestamps and relevant vehicle details.

3.6 Analysis Model

3.6.1 Data Flow Diagram

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) for a toll tax system using CCTV cameras involves
identifying the key processes, data stores, and external entities involved.

DFD Level 0

Figure 3.1: DFD level 0

This Level 0 DFD provides a high-level overview of the toll tax system using CCTV
cameras, illustrating the key processes and data interactions among different entities.

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DFD Level 1

Figure 3.2: DFD level 1

This Level 1 DFD elaborates on the primary processes within the toll tax system using
CCTV cameras. By detailing these processes and their interactions, it provides a clearer
understanding of how data flows through the system.

DFD Level 2

This Level 2 DFD offers a detailed look at the Toll Calculation and Payment Process-
ing components of the toll tax system using CCTV cameras. By breaking down these
processes into specific tasks and outlining their interactions with external entities, this
diagram enhances understanding of the system’s functionality and data flow.

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Figure 3.3: DFD level 2

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3.6.2 Class Diagram

Class Diagram outlines the structure of a toll tax system using CCTV cameras,
highlighting the key classes, their attributes, methods, and relationships. It serves as a
valuable tool for understanding the system’s architecture, facilitating design decisions,
and guiding the implementation process.

Figure 3.4: Class Diagram

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3.6.3 Activity Diagram

Creating an Activity Diagram for a toll tax system using CCTV cameras helps
visualize the workflow and processes involved in toll collection, vehicle detection, and
payment processing. The sequence of actions from vehicle detection to payment pro-
cessing. By visualizing these processes, stakeholders can better understand the system’s
operations, identify potential bottlenecks, and improve overall efficiency.

Figure 3.5: Activity Diagram

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3.7 System Implementation Plan

3.7.1 Implementation Plan

Task No. Task to be Accomplished

T1 Topic Finalization
T2 Requirement specification
T3 Technology Familiarization
T4 System Set up
T5 Concept Review Study
T6 Study of technologies used in the project
T7 Design of user interface
T8 Designing of Constraints Rules
T9 Creation of Connectivity for Services
T10 Creation of database files and rules
T11 Designing the Architectural layout
T12 Creating module using database and rules
T13 Integration of T11 to T7 Tasks
T14 Testing
T15 Documentation Preparation
T16 Maintenance

Table 3.1: Implementation Plan

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Chapter 4

System Design

4.1 System Architecture

Figure 4.1: System Architecture of Toll Tax using CCTV Cameras

The figure 5.1 shows, The system architecture of toll tax using CCTV Cameras. Following
components are use for system architecture:

1. User Interface Layer

• Mobile App/Web Portal: Allows users to manage their accounts, check bal-
ances, and receive notifications.
• On-Road Signage: Displays real-time information about tolls and payment
options.

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2. Management Layer

• Cameras and Sensors: License Plate Recognition (LPR) cameras capture ve-
hicle information. RFID readers for electronic tags.
• Traffic Monitoring Sensors: Collect data on vehicle flow and speed.

3. Data Processing Layer

• AI Algorithms: Image processing for license plate recognition.

• Machine learning models to predict traffic patterns and optimize toll rates.
• Data Fusion: Integrates data from various sources (sensors, cameras) for a
comprehensive view.

4. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Database Management System: Stores user profiles, transaction history, and

vehicle data.
• Transaction Processing System: Manages real-time toll transactions, updates
user accounts, and processes payments.

5. Payment Gateway Processes various payment methods (credit/debit cards, mobile

wallets).

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4.2 UML Diagrams

4.2.1 Entity Relationship Diagram

The entity-relationship model captures the essential entities and their relationships
for a toll tax system using CCTV cameras. It serves as a foundational design for the
database, allowing for efficient data management and retrieval in the context of toll
collection, vehicle monitoring, and incident management.

Figure 4.2: ER Diagram

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4.2.2 Flowchart
Creating an FLowchart for a toll tax system using CCTV cameras helps visualize
the workflow and processes involved in toll collection, vehicle detection, and payment
processing. The sequence of actions from vehicle detection to payment processing. By
visualizing these processes, stakeholders can better understand the system’s operations,
identify potential bottlenecks, and improve overall efficiency.

Figure 4.3: Flowchart

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4.2.3 Use Case Diagram

Use Case Diagram outlines the key functionalities of the toll tax system using CCTV
cameras and highlights the interactions between different users and the system. It serves
as a foundational tool for understanding user requirements, facilitating communication
among stakeholders, and guiding the development process.

Figure 4.4: Use Case Diagram

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4.2.4 Sequence Diagram

Sequence Diagram illustrates the interaction flow within the toll tax system us-
ing CCTV cameras, highlighting the sequence of actions from vehicle detection to pay-
ment confirmation. It provides a clear understanding of the process dynamics and helps
stakeholders visualize how components interact over time, facilitating better design and
implementation of the system.

Figure 4.5: Sequence Diagram

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4.2.5 Component Diagram

Component Diagram provides a clear view of the architecture of a toll tax system
using CCTV cameras, illustrating the key components and their interactions. It serves
as a useful reference for understanding system design and for guiding the implementation
process, ensuring all parts work together seamlessly.

Figure 4.6: Component Diagram

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4.2.6 Deployment Diagram

The deployment diagram for the CCTV Toll Tax Management System illustrates
the distribution and interaction of system components. CCTV cameras installed along
highways capture vehicle images, which are sent to a central server for processing and toll
calculation. The server communicates with a database server to store vehicle and trans-
action data. Vehicle owners use a mobile app to view toll history, make payments, and
receive notifications, while RTO officials access a web portal for real-time monitoring and
management. Payments are securely processed through an integrated payment gateway,
ensuring seamless transactions. This setup ensures efficient toll collection, enhanced user
experience, and streamlined operations for authorities.

Figure 4.7: Deployment Diagram

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Chapter 5

Technical Specifications

5.1 Technology details used in the project

When addressing toll tax collection efficiency through the use of CCTV cameras, there
are several methodologies and considerations to explore. A structured approach are as
follows:

1. Problem Identification : Identify inefficiencies: Look at current toll collection pro-

cesses, such as traffic congestion, manual errors, and fraudulent activities.

2. Data Collection: Gather data on vehicle counts, toll evasion rates, and peak traffic
times.

3. Methodologies for Problem Solving

• Technology Integration : CCTV for Automatic Number Plate Recognition

(ANPR): Use cameras equipped with ANPR to automatically read license
plates, facilitating seamless toll collection.
• Real-time Monitoring: Employ cameras to monitor traffic flow and detect
bottlenecks, enabling immediate response to congestion.
• Traffic Pattern Analysis: Analyze video footage to understand traffic patterns
and peak usage times.
• Predictive Analytics: Use historical data to forecast traffic volumes and adjust
toll rates dynamically (congestion pricing).
• Process Optimization: Lane Management: Designate lanes for different pay-
ment methods (e.g., cash, RFID, ANPR) based on real-time traffic conditions.
• Queue Management: Implement systems to redirect vehicles to less congested
lanes using real-time data from cameras.

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4. Implementation Strategies: Pilot Program: Start with a pilot project at a specific

toll plaza to assess the technology and its impact on efficiency.

5. Stakeholder Involvement: Collaborate with government agencies, technology providers,

and the public to ensure buy-in and effective implementation.

6. Technical Limitations: Ensure that CCTV systems are reliable, with adequate
resolution and night vision capabilities.

7. Data Privacy: Address concerns related to surveillance and personal data by im-
plementing strict data protection protocols.

8. System Integration: Ensure that the CCTV systems can integrate with existing
toll collection infrastructure for seamless operations.

9. Continuous Improvement Feedback Loop: Regularly collect feedback from users

and operators to identify new issues and areas for improvement.

10. Performance Metrics: Establish KPIs (e.g., average wait times, toll evasion rates)
to measure the success of the implemented solutions.

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Chapter 6

Project Estimation Schedule and

Team Structure

6.1 Project Estimate

6.1.1 COCOMO Model

A popular method for estimating software costs is called the Constructive Cost Model
(COCOMO), which was created by Barry Boehm. It offers an organised method for de-
termining the amount of work, time, and money needed to develop software projects. To
determine the effort and cost estimations, COCOMO takes into account a variety of vari-
ables and project features. COCOMO is available in three versions: Basic, Intermediate,
and Advanced. An overview of each version is given below:

1. COCOMO Basic: Based on the project size, expressed in lines of code (LOC),
the COCOMO Basic model calculates the software development effort. It takes
into account the formula:

Ef f ort = a ∗ (KLOC)b

where,

• The total development effort is measured in person-months as effort.

• KLOC stands for thousand lines of code, which is a measure of the software’s
projected size.
• The constants a and b depend on the experience of the development team and
the type of project (such as organic, semi-detached, or embedded).

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2. COCOMO Intermediate: The COCOMO Intermediate model builds on the

Basic model by include extra project aspects such product qualities, hardware
limitations, human resource capacity, and development flexibility. It takes into
account 15 various cost factors that affect the calculation of overall effort and cost.
Four categories have been established for these cost factors: product, platform,
staff, and project.

3. COCOMO Advanced: The COCOMO Advanced model improves the estimation

by taking into account more elements including multi-site development, software
reuse, and software stability. It considers elements including the degree of software
reuse, the complexity of the dependability requirements for the software, and the
effect of geographically dispersed development teams.

There are three modes of development.

Development mode Size Innovation Deadline Dev. Environment

Organic Small little not light Stable
Semi-detached Medium Medium Medium Medium
Embedded Large Greater Tight Complex hardware

Table 6.1: Modes of development

Here are the coefficients related to development mode for the intermediate model.

Development mode a b c d
Organic 2.8 1.05 2.5 0.38

Table 6.2: Coefficients related to development modes for intermediate model

6.1.2 Equations:
E = a ∗ (KLOC)b

where,
a = 2.8,b = 1.05, for an organic project.
E = Efforts in person month

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6.1.3 Organic project:

Project of moderate size and complexity, where teams with teams with mixed expe-
rience levels must meet a mixed rigid and less than rigid requirements(project modway
between embedded and oraganic types).

Number of People:

Equation for calculation of number of people required for completion of project, us-
ing the COCOMO model is: N=E/D
where,
N = Number of people required
E = Efforts in person-month
D = Duration of project in months

Cost of Project:

Equation for calculation of cost of project, using COCOMO model is:

C = D ∗ Cp

where,
C = Cost of project
D = Duration in months
Cp = Cost incurred per person-month

6.1.4 Calculation
Efforts:

E = a ∗ (KLOC)b

E = 2.8 ∗ (10.940)1.05

E = 35.475 person-months
Total of 35.475 person-months are required to complete the project successfully.

Duration of Project:

D = c ∗ (E)d

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D = 2.5 ∗ (E)0.38

D = 6 months
The approximate duration of project is 6 months.

Number of people required for the project:

N=35.475/9.7
N=3.6
N=4 people Therefore 4 people are required to successfully complete the project on
schedule.

Cost of Project:

C=4.00∗7415 = 29,660 /- Therefore, the cost of the project is 28,000/- (approx)

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6.2 Project Schedule and Team Structure

All our project tasks are divided as shown in the table

Task No. Task Title

T1 Topic Finalization
T2 Requirement specification
T3 Technology Familiarization
T4 System Set up
T5 Concept Review Study
T6 Study of technologies used in the project
T7 Design of user interface
T8 Designing of Constraints Rules
T9 Creation of Connectivity for Services
T10 Creation of database files and rules
T11 Designing the Architectural layout
T12 Creating module using database and rules
T13 Integration of T11 to T7 Tasks
T14 Testing
T15 Documentation Preparation
T16 Maintenance

Table 6.3: Lists of Tasks

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Figure 6.1: Timeline Diagram

Each task is assigned to one or more team members as shown in fig:

Developer ID Developer Name

D1 Mahajan Gaurav Jayant
D2 More Pratik Mahendra
D3 Mirpagar Yash Sunil
D4 Mohane Aditya Ravindra

Table 6.4: Lists of Developers

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Chapter 7

Software Implementation

7.1 Introduction
The software implementation of the CCTV Toll Tax Management System involves the
integration of several key components, each designed to automate toll collection, en-
hance user experience, and provide real-time monitoring and management capabilities
for authorities.

1. Electronic Vehicle Identification and Toll Calculation Vehicle Recogni-

tion System (OCR): The system uses Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to
identify vehicles based on their number plates. Software libraries such as Tesseract
OCR or custom-built recognition algorithms can be implemented to process and
extract number plate data from images captured by CCTV cameras.

2. Toll Calculation Algorithm:The toll charges are calculated based on the vehicle
type, toll rates, and the specific highway section. This can be implemented using
a set of rules or rate tables stored in the database server. The central server runs
a toll calculation engine that uses this data to generate charges.

3. Data Extraction and Validation: Using the document’s names, addresses,

dates, or identification numbers as examples, the system recognises and extracts
particular data items. To ensure accuracy and consistency, it then verifies the
extracted data against established rules or formats.

4. Verification Workflow: The system establishes a document verification workflow

that outlines the procedures and actions that must be followed. This may entail
confirming the document’s authenticity, inspecting it for tampering or forgery, vali-
dating it against reference databases or outside sources, and making sure it complies
with particular standards or laws.

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5. Centralized Server: The central server is responsible for receiving real-time data
from CCTV cameras, processing vehicle identification, and managing toll calcula-
tions. This can be implemented using backend technologies such as Node.js, Python
(Flask/Django), or Java. The server communicates with the database to store toll
transaction data, vehicle information, and system logs.

6. Data Storage (Database): A relational database like MySQL, PostgreSQL, or

SQL Server can be used to store vehicle registration data, toll history, and trans-
action logs. For scalability, a NoSQL database like MongoDB could also be used
for certain unstructured data.

7. User Interface (Mobile App Web Portal): The mobile application for users
can be developed using React Native, Flutter, or native development tools (Java
for Android, Swift for iOS). The app allows users to view their toll history, receive
notifications, and make payments securely. It communicates with the central server
via RESTful APIs to fetch user data and send payment transactions.

8. Web Portal (RTO Officials): The web portal for RTO officials can be built
using React, Angular, or Vue.js for the frontend, and Node.js or Django for the
backend. The portal enables RTO officials to monitor toll collection, view reports,
and manage system settings. It communicates with the central server to retrieve
real-time data for operational purposes.

9. Transaction Validation: Upon successful payment, the central server validates

the transaction and updates the toll records in the database. The system sends
confirmation notifications to users and updates toll records in the system.
The software implementation of the CCTV Toll Tax Management System involves a
combination of image processing, real-time data management, secure payment integra-
tion, and user-friendly interfaces for both vehicle owners and authorities. The system’s
backend is responsible for processing vehicle data, calculating tolls, and ensuring secure
transactions, while the frontend (mobile app and web portal) facilitates seamless user
interactions and real-time monitoring for officials. Data security, scalability, and com-
pliance with regulatory standards are essential aspects of the software’s design, ensuring
smooth operation and user trust.

7.2 Databases
The database plays a crucial role in the CCTV Toll Tax Management System by stor-
ing key information related to vehicle data, toll transactions, and system logs. A well-

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

structured database is necessary to handle large volumes of data from multiple toll points
and ensure fast, reliable access to data for both users and authorities. The database de-
sign for the CCTV Toll Tax Management System provides a comprehensive structure to
store and manage critical data, such as vehicle information, toll transactions, payment
records, camera logs, and scrapped vehicles. By using relational tables with well-defined
relationships, the system ensures efficient data retrieval, scalability, and robust reporting
capabilities. This design ensures that the system can handle the high volume of data
generated by vehicles passing through toll points, while also supporting real-time moni-
toring and seamless user interactions.

SQLite is a lightweight, serverless, self-contained relational database engine, ideal for

embedded applications like the CCTV Toll Tax Management System. Given its simplicity
and efficiency, SQLite can be used to store vehicle data, toll transactions, payments, and
other necessary information in the system. SQLite is an excellent choice for managing
the CCTV Toll Tax Management System due to its lightweight, embedded nature. This
SQLite database design ensures efficient data storage, retrieval, and transaction process-
ing. With the design above, the system can handle real-time vehicle identification, toll
calculations, transaction processing, and reporting. The structure also supports scalable
and efficient management of vehicle and toll data, providing a seamless experience for
both users and RTO officials.

7.3 Important module and algorithms

7.3.1 Modules
1. User Interface Layer

• Mobile App/Web Portal: Allows users to manage their accounts, check bal-
ances, and receive notifications.
• On-Road Signage: Displays real-time information about tolls and payment
options.

2. Management Layer

• Cameras and Sensors: License Plate Recognition (LPR) cameras capture ve-
hicle information. RFID readers for electronic tags.
• Traffic Monitoring Sensors: Collect data on vehicle flow and speed.

3. Data Processing Layer

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

• AI Algorithms: Image processing for license plate recognition.

• Machine learning models to predict traffic patterns and optimize toll rates.
• Data Fusion: Integrates data from various sources (sensors, cameras) for a
comprehensive view.

4. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Database Management System: Stores user profiles, transaction history, and

vehicle data.
• Transaction Processing System: Manages real-time toll transactions, updates
user accounts, and processes payments.

5. Payment Gateway Processes various payment methods (credit/debit cards, mobile

wallets).

7.3.2 Algorithm
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), also known as ConvNet, is a specialized type

of deep learning algorithm mainly designed for tasks that necessitate object recognition,
including image classification, detection, and segmentation. CNNs are employed in a
variety of practical scenarios, such as autonomous vehicles, security camera systems, and
others.

Integrating a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) into a Toll Tax Management

System can significantly enhance the system’s ability to automatically recognize vehicles,
read license plates, and make real-time toll fee calculations. This would streamline toll
collection processes, improve accuracy, and reduce human intervention. The steps CNNs
are Used in the Toll Tax System are as follows:

1. 1. License Plate Recognition (LPR): One of the most critical tasks in a toll tax
system is accurately identifying the vehicle’s license plate to associate the vehicle
with a toll payment. CNNs are well-suited for this task because they excel at
image recognition and can be trained to recognize and extract characters from
vehicle license plates. CCTV cameras installed along the toll road capture real-time
images or video of vehicles as they pass. The captured images are preprocessed to
ensure that the relevant parts of the image (i.e., the license plate) are clearly visible
and separated from the background. A CNN model is applied to the preprocessed

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

image to detect and identify the license plate within the image. The CNN can
detect various features, such as edges, shapes, and text, which are used to localize
the license plate. Once the license plate is localized, the CNN can segment the
individual characters and recognize them using a trained model. The recognized
characters are extracted and stored as a string, representing the vehicle’s unique
identification number.

2. Vehicle Type Classification: CNNs can also help in identifying the type of vehicle
(car, truck, bus, etc.) based on the vehicle’s appearance. This classification can be
crucial for applying the correct toll rate depending on the type of vehicle. Vehicle
Image Capture: In addition to capturing license plates, the CCTV cameras can also
capture images of the entire vehicle. CNN for Classification: The system uses a
CNN to classify the vehicle based on features like size, shape, and other distinctive
visual markers that define the vehicle type (e.g., a large vehicle may be classified as
a truck). Based on the vehicle type identified, the system can automatically apply
the correct toll rate for the vehicle.

3. Real-Time Toll Calculation: Once the vehicle’s identity (license plate) and type
are identified, the toll calculation can be automated. The system uses the license
plate and vehicle type data to determine the applicable toll and charges.The sys-
tem checks the vehicle’s information against a database to verify if the vehicle has
previously registered toll records or if it needs a new account. The toll fee is calcu-
lated based on predefined parameters (e.g., vehicle type, route, time of day). The
CNN system ensures that the toll is calculated and applied accurately, minimizing
human intervention in the calculation process.

4. Unauthorized Vehicle Detection: CNNs can also be employed to detect unautho-

rized vehicles, such as vehicles with damaged, unreadable, or non-existent license
plates. The CNN analyzes the captured image to detect if the license plate is
missing, obscured, or damaged. If the system detects a problem with the license
plate (e.g., an unreadable or missing plate), it can trigger an alert to notify the toll
authorities or initiate further actions (e.g., sending a warning or fine to the vehicle
owner).

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Figure 7.1: AI model working

7.4 Business logic

The CCTV Toll Tax Management System utilizes advanced surveillance technology and
internet connectivity to automate toll collection processes. CCTV cameras installed along
highways capture real-time images of vehicles, which are processed through a license
plate recognition system powered by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The system
identifies vehicles, calculates toll fees based on vehicle type, route, and time, and stores
this data in a central database. Users can view their toll history, receive notifications, and
make payments via a mobile app, while toll authorities can monitor operations through a
web portal. The system also detects unauthorized or scrapped vehicles, triggering alerts
for further action. By automating toll collection, minimizing manual intervention, and
enhancing compliance, the system improves traffic flow, reduces congestion, and provides
a seamless, transparent tolling experience.

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Chapter 8

Software Testing

8.1 Introduction
Software testing is a crucial phase in the development of any system to ensure that the
product functions as expected, meets user requirements, and performs efficiently. For
the CCTV Toll Tax Management System, testing would cover various aspects, including
functionality, performance, security, and user interaction.

Test Test Case Test Test Steps Expected

Case Name Objective Result
ID
TC-001 Vehicle Ensure the 1. Simulate a The
Detection and system detects vehicle passing vehicle
License Plate vehicles and under the image is
Recognition accurately reads CCTV camera. captured,
license plates. 2. Check if the and the
system captures license
the image plate is
correctly. accurately
3. Verify that detected
the license plate and
is recognized extracted.
accurately.

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Test Test Case Test Test Steps Expected

Case Name Objective Result
ID
TC-002 Toll Fee Ensure that the 1. Identify the The toll
Calculation toll fee is vehicle type fee is
Based on calculated (e.g., car, truck, correctly
Vehicle Type correctly based bus). calculated
on vehicle type 2. Check if the based on
and route. system the vehicle
calculates the type,
toll fee correctly route, and
based on the time of
vehicle type. day.
3. Ensure that
dynamic pricing
is applied
correctly during
peak and
off-peak hours.
TC-003 Payment Verify that users 1. Log in to the The
Processing can make toll mobile app. payment is
through Mobile payments via 2. View toll processed
App the mobile app. charges. success-
3. Make a fully, and
payment using a a confir-
credit card, mation
e-wallet, or receipt is
bank transfer. sent to the
4. Confirm that user.
the payment is
processed
successfully.

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Test Test Case Test Test Steps Expected

Case Name Objective Result
ID
TC-004 Detection of Ensure that the 1. Simulate a The
Unauthorized system detects vehicle with a vehicle is
Vehicle vehicles with damaged or flagged as
(Unreadable unreadable or unreadable unautho-
License Plate) damaged license license plate rized, and
plates. passing under an alert is
the CCTV sent to toll
camera. authori-
2. Check if the ties.
system flags the
vehicle as
unauthorized.
3. Verify that
the system
sends an alert to
the toll
authority for
further
investigation.

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Test Test Case Test Test Steps Expected

Case Name Objective Result
ID
TC-005 Real-Time Ensure that 1. Log in to the Real-time
Monitoring by RTO officials web portal as an toll data,
Toll Authorities can monitor toll RTO official. vehicle
collection in 2. Access the details,
real-time via the dashboard and alerts
web portal. showing are
real-time toll displayed
data. accurately
3. Verify that on the
all toll portal.
transactions,
vehicle data,
and alerts are
displayed
correctly.
TC-006 User Interface Ensure the 1. Open the The
(UI) of the mobile app UI is mobile app. mobile app
Mobile App intuitive and 2. Navigate UI should
user-friendly. through be easy to
different navigate,
sections (toll with quick
history, access to
payment, all
notifications). features.
3. Check that
all features are
easily accessible
and the UI is
responsive.

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Test Test Case Test Test Steps Expected

Case Name Objective Result
ID
TC-007 Data Ensure all 1. Analyze the All
Encryption sensitive user system’s data sensitive
Verification data is transmission data
encrypted both process using should be
in transit and at network analysis encrypted,
rest. tools (e.g., and no
Wireshark). data
2. Verify that should be
user data (e.g., transmit-
payment ted in
information, plaintext.
vehicle details)
is encrypted.
TC-008 Load Testing of Verify system 1. Simulate high The
System during performance traffic system
High Traffic under high conditions by should
traffic generating a perform
conditions. large volume of efficiently
toll under high
transactions. traffic,
2. Monitor with stable
system response response
times and times and
stability. no crashes.
3. Check that
the system
handles the load
without
crashing.

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Chapter 9

Result

9.1 (Snapshots of the results)

Figure 9.1: Home Page

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Figure 9.2: Vehicle Page

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Figure 9.3: Add Vehicle details

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Figure 9.4: User Registration

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Figure 9.5: User Login

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Figure 9.6: Profile

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Figure 9.7: Wallet

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Figure 9.8: Admin-Dashboard

Figure 9.9: Live Camera Screen

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Figure 9.10: Toll Employee Screen

Figure 9.11: Add Toll Screen

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Chapter 10

Deployment and Maintenance

10.1 Deployment and Maintenance

The CCTV Toll Tax Management System needs to be deployed in an environment that
ensures efficient operations, reliability, and security. The system involves various compo-
nents including CCTV cameras, servers, mobile applications, web portals, and databases,
all of which must work seamlessly together to facilitate toll collection and management.

10.1.1 Installation and un-installation

The installation of the CCTV Toll Tax Management System involves setting up
CCTV cameras at strategic locations along highways, ensuring internet connectivity for
data transmission. The system software is installed on a central server to process vehicle
images using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for number plate recognition and
toll calculation. A mobile application is deployed on user devices, while an RTO web
portal is set up for administrative use. The system is configured to integrate seamlessly
with payment gateways for toll collection and monitoring functionalities.
Uninstalling the system requires safely disconnecting the CCTV cameras and central
server from the network. The mobile application and RTO web portal are deactivated
and removed from user devices and servers. Any database containing vehicle information
or toll records is backed up and then deleted. Finally, all hardware components are dis-
mantled, and the system’s network configurations are reversed, ensuring a secure removal
of the system from the infrastructure.

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10.1.2 Maintenance
The maintenance of the CCTV Toll Tax Management System involves regular mon-
itoring and updating of both hardware and software components to ensure smooth op-
eration. This includes, Regular cleaning, calibration, and inspection to ensure optimal
image quality and proper functioning. Periodic updates to the central server software
and CNN models to improve vehicle recognition accuracy, enhance security, and integrate
new features. Routine backups and optimization of the central database to ensure data
integrity and prevent system downtime. Ongoing maintenance of the mobile app and web
portal to fix bugs, add new features, and ensure smooth user interaction. Regular security
audits, patching vulnerabilities, and monitoring to protect the system from unauthorized
access or cyber threats. Effective maintenance ensures the system’s longevity, reliability,
and continuous improvement, providing a seamless toll collection experience.

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Conclusion and Future Scope

Conclusion
The limitation of existing are, The system will only deal in individual toll booth. Multiple
Radio Frequency [RF] tags are unable to be processed together. The entire proposed
configuration will significantly surmount the stationary cost. In Propose system it is
expected that the system will be fully automated, reliable, transparent and convenient.
The entire system can also be used with small or no modification in vehicles on highways,
their toll payments.

Future Scope
The CCTV Toll Tax Management System leverages advanced technologies such as CCTV
cameras, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and mobile applications to automate
toll collection and enhance traffic management. CCTV cameras placed along highways
capture images of vehicles, which are processed using CNN to identify number plates and
classify vehicle types, automatically calculating toll charges. The system reduces manual
intervention, streamlining toll collection, and improving traffic flow. Users interact with
the system via a mobile appto view toll history, receive notifications, and make pay-
ments, while Regional Transport Office (RTO) officials use a web portal to monitor toll
data and enforce regulations. The system also includes features like unauthorized vehicle
detection and scrapped vehicle identification for better compliance and road safety.In the
future, the system could expand to integrate with smart city infrastructure, allowing for
real-time traffic monitoring and dynamic toll pricing based on conditions. Blockchain
technology could be used to secure transactions and ensure transparency. Enhanced AI
could improve vehicle recognition, and multi-lane free-flow tolling could reduce conges-
tion. These developments would make the system more efficient, secure, and user-friendly,
contributing to a smoother, more automated transportation experience.

60
References

[1] Naaz, Sheenam, Suraiya Parveen, and Jawed Ahmed. ”An artificial intelligence
based toll collection system.” Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. ICT Digit., Smart, Sustain. De-
velop.(ICIDSSD), February, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. 2021.

[2] Naaz, Sheenam, and Mir Saqlain Sajad. ”Radio frequency identification [rfid] tech-
nology: A studyondawning issues, challenges and future modifications.” (2020).

[3] Shahare, Neha, Sampada Parsewar, Purva Bhange, Deepali Kshirsagar, and Rohit
Sawwalakhe. ”Toll tax collecting system using optical character recognition.” (2020).

[4] Christopher, Karunanidhi K., Xavier VM Arul, and P. Karthikeyen. ”Smart toll tax
automation and monitoring system using Android application.” 2019 IEEE Inter-
national Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal
Processing (INCOS). IEEE, 2019.

[5] Senapati, Biswa Ranjan, Pabitra Mohan Khilar, and Naba Krushna Sabat. ”An
automated toll gate system using vanet.” 2019 IEEE 1st international conference on
energy, systems and information processing (ICESIP). IEEE, 2019

[6] Ranjit, Anagha S., Dona David, and Sreetha ES Aathira Ravindran. ”Unmanned
Toll E-Ticketing System.” (2018).

[7] Khan, Etqad, et al. ”Automated toll tax collection system using cloud database.”
2018 3rd International Conference On Internet of Things: Smart Innovation and
Usages (IoT-SIU). IEEE, 2018.

[8] Pampattiwar, Harshad, Aishwarya Deshmukh, Pratik Sonawale, Kajal Jagtap, and
R. B. Rathod. ”Stolen Vehicle Detection and Automated Toll Collection System
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[9] Takbhate, Rama B., and S. D. Chavan. ”Automated tollbooth system.” International
Journal of Research Studies in Computer Science and Engineering 1.3 (2014): 69-76.

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[10] Chhoriya, Priyanka, Govinda Paliwal, and Poonam Badhan. ”Image processing
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Technology and Advanced Engineering 3.4 (2013): 410-414.

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Plagiarism Report

Figure 10.1: Plagiarism Report 1

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Figure 10.2: Plagiarism Report 2

Figure 10.3: Plagiarism Report 3

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Paper Publication and Certificate
Details

Published Paper

Published in Google Scholar Indexed With DOI on”Felxi-Pass

Toll Tax Management System USING CCTV Camera, Paper ID-
2503028

Conference Paper

International Conference On Engineering Science and Manage-

ment (ICESM)-2025

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 FlexiPass - Toll tax using CCTV Cameras

Project Competitions

Tech guru 2k25 at Guru Gobind Singh College of Engineering and

Research Centre Nashik

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