17/12/2024

Software Development Fundamentals

Week 17-1

Dr. Loubna Mekouar

Note:
• Some of the slides of the course are based on the material provided
by the College of Technological Information, Zayed University, UAE.
• The copyrighted material belongs to their respective owners.

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Code Documentation
- The Python code must contain proper documentation.
- Suggested header documentations are provided for programs and functions.
Program Header Suggestion:
# Program/Class Name:
# Author(s):
# Date of Creation:
Function Header Suggestion:
# Function Description:
# Parameters:
# Return Type:
- All programs and all functions must contain sufficient documentation to explain
their intent and use.

• Simple is better than complex: When choosing between a simple and a complex
solution, always opt for the simple one if both work effectively. Simpler code is
easier to maintain, understand, and extend.

Graphical User Interface

GUI with Python - tkinter

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The tkinter Library

• Python provides predefined classes to create Graphical User Interfaces
(GUI)

• The tkinter library, is the only GUI framework that is built into the Python
standard library

• While it is one of the earliest frameworks, tkinter is lightweight and

relatively easy to use.

• All functionalities are available by importing the tkinter library

import tkinter as tk

Window
• Create a window using import tkinter as tk
tkinter
# Create a window
window = tk.Tk()
• The module tkinter has
class Tk # Keeps focus on window till closed
window.mainloop()
• Standard window will
depend on the OS used

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Widgets
• Widgets are GUI elements inside a window
• Each widget in tkinter is defined by a class.

• Here are some of the widgets available:

Label A widget used to display text on the screen

Button A button that can contain text and can perform an action when clicked
Entry A text entry widget that allows only a single line of text
Text A text entry widget that allows multiline text entry

Label Widget
import tkinter as tk

# Create a window
window = tk.Tk()

# Create a label widget for the window

greeting = tk.Label(text=“Python") white
d color to
n
# Add the label to the window frame regrou lack
nge the fo color to b
Ch a oun d
greeting.pack() and b
ackgr

# Keeps focus on window till closed

window.mainloop()
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Button Widget
import tkinter as tk

# Create a window
window = tk.Tk()

# Create a label widget for the window

greeting = tk.Label(text="Python", fg="white", bg="black", width=20, height=10)

# Create a button widget for the window

button = tk.Button(text="Click me!", fg="yellow", bg="blue", width=10, height=2)

# Add the label and button to the window frame

greeting.pack()
button.pack()

# Keeps focus on window till closed

window.mainloop()

Entry Widget (Small Text Box)

import tkinter as tk

# Create a window
window = tk.Tk()

# Create Label and Entry

label = tk.Label(text="Name")
nameBox = tk.Entry()

# Create Button to get name in entry box

def getName():
print(nameBox.get())
btnName = tk.Button(text="Print Name", command=getName)
ox.
ntry b rks.
# Pack all widgets to the window clear the E it wo
to ow
label.pack() her button , find out h
t )
d ano elete(
nameBox.pack() • Ad ameBox.d
e n
btnName.pack() • Us

window.mainloop() 10

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Text Widget
import tkinter as tk

# Create a window
window = tk.Tk()

# Create Label and Entry

label = tk.Label(text="Type Letter")
txtBox = tk.Text()
ox.
# Pack all widgets to the window r t he Text b s.
clea work
label.pack() button to out how it
ther ind
d ano te(), f
txtBox.pack() • Ad xtBox.dele
et
• Us
window.mainloop()

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Geometry Manager .grid()

• Geometry manager is used import tkinter as tk
to manage layout inside a
window # Create a Window
window = tk.Tk()

• Most commonly used # Creates a 3 × 3 grid layout

Geometry Manager is the # Insert Label widgets into grid
.grid() for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
label = tk.Label(text=f"Row {i}\nColumn {j}")
• The .grid() splits a window label.grid(row=i,column=j)
into rows and columns. window.mainloop()

• Both row and column

indices start at 0,
• Row 1 and Column 2 tells
.grid() to place a widget in
the third column of the
second row.

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Activity
• Create a window, to ask the user for his Name, CIN, phone number,
and City.
• When the user clicks the “Save” button, clear the fields and print all
the information on the screen and to a text file.

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In Summary
• GUI in Python

• Creating Window

• Adding Widgets

• Manage layout with .grid()

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