CHAPTER

10 HYDROCARBONS
Exercise 1: NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs
10.0 INTRODUCTION

1. Polymers like polyethene, polypropene, polystyrene are made up of - NCERT Page-365 / N-295
(a) Styrene (b) Fibers (c) Hydrocarbons (d) Natural Rubber

10.1 CLASSIFICATION

2. Hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bond called NCERT Page-366/N-296
(a) Unsaturated (b) Aromatic (c) Conjugated (d) Saturated.
3. Which compounds burn with smoke : NCERT Page-365 / N-322
(a) saturated (b) Alicyclic (c) Aromatic (d) Cyclic
4. Depending upon the types of C − C bonds, carbon compound can be classified as [NCERTYPage- N-295 & 296
(a) Saturated (b) Unsaturated (c) Aromatic (d) All of these

10.2 ALKANES

5. The number of chain isomers possible for the hydrocarbon C5 H12 is NCERT Page-367 / N-297
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

6. Name of the given compound – NCERT Page-366 / N-296

(a) 2,3-diethyl heptane (b) 5-ethyl-6-methyl octane

(c) 4-ethyl-3-methyl octane (d) 3-methyl-4-ethyl octane

7. Which of the following statements is false for isopentane?

(a) It has three CH3 groups (b) It has one CH2 group
 (c) It has one CH group (d) It has a carbon which is not bonded to hydrogen

8. In the following structures, which one is having staggered conformation with maximum dihedral angle?
(a) (b)

(C) (d)

9. The reaction, CH3 − Br + 2Na + Br − CH3 → the product, is called NCERT Page-371 / N-301
(a) Wurtz reaction
(b) Perkin's reaction
(c) Aldol condensation
(d) Levit reaction

10. Pure methane can be produced by NCERT Page-371

(a) Wurtz reaction
(b) Kolbe's electrolytic method
(c) Soda-lime decarboxylation
(d) Reduction with H2

11. Sodium salts of carboxylic acids on heating with soda lime give alkanes containing___than the carboxylic acid.
(a) one carbon more NCERT Page-371 /
(b) one carbon less
(c) two carbon less
(d) Either (a) or (b)

12. In free radical chlorination of methane, the chain initiating step involves the formation of NCERT Page-372
(a) chlorine free radical
(b) hydrogen chloride
(c) methyl radical
(d) chloromethyl radical.

13. Which one of the following gives only one monochloro derivative? NCERT Page-367
(a) 𝑛-Hexane
(b) 2-Methylpentane
(c) 2,3-Dimethylpentane
(d) neo-Pentane

14. Photochemical halogenation of alkane is an example of NCERT Page-372

(a) electrophilic substitution
(b) electrophilic addition
(c) nucleophilic substitution
(d) free radical substitution
15. Complete combustion of CH4 gives : NCERT Page 373/N − 30
(a) CO2 + H2 O
(b) CO2 + H2
(c) COCi2
(d) CO + CO2 + H2 O

16. Liquid hydrocarbons can be converted to a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons by : NCERT Page-374 / N-304
(a) oxidation
(b) cracking
(c) distillation under reduced pressure
(d) hydrolysis

17. n-Hexane isomerises in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride and hydrogen chloride gas to give
(a) 2-Methyl pentane NCERT Page-374 / N-304
(b) 3-Methyl pentane
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)

18. How many conformations are possible for ethane? NCERT Page- N-305
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) infinite (d) one

19. Spatial arrangements of atoms which can be converted into one another by rotation around a C − C single bond are
called NCERT Page-375 / N-305
(a) Stereoisomers (b) Tautomers (c) Optical isomers (d) Conformers

20. How manymoles of O2 are required for complete combustion of one mole of iso pentane? NCERT Page- N-303
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8

AlCl3 KMnO4
21. 𝑛-Butane → [X] → [Y], [Y] is NCERT Page-374 / N-304
HCl
(a) Primary alcohol (b) Secondary alcohol (c) Tertiary alcohol (d) Diol

22. 1,1-Dimethyl cyclo butane can be obtained by NCERT PAGE-370 & 371/ N-300 & 301
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) Both in (b) and (c)

23. CH3 CH2 COOH ⟶ CH4 NCERT Page-371 / N-301

For this conversion sequence of reagents required are
(a) NaOH/CaO/Δ (b) NaOH/CaO/Δ, KMnO4 , NaOH/CaO/Δ
 (c) NaOH/CaO/Δ, (CH3 COO)2 Mn, NaOH/CaO/Δ (d) NaOH/CaO/Δ, AlCl3 /HCl, KMnO4 , NaOH/CaO/Δ

24. Which of the following compound can be best prepared by Wurtz reaction? NCERT Page-371
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

25. Few reactions of alkanes are given below. Identify the name of the reaction which is not correctly matched with the
reaction. NCERT Page-374 / N-304
(a)

(b) 773 K
C6 H14 → C4 H8 + C2 H6 − Pyrolysis
(c) Δ
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2 O - Controlled oxidation
(d) 400∘ C
CH4 + HNO3 → CH3 NO2 – Nitration

26. Complete the following reactions: NCERT Page-374/N-304

Zn−Cu
(i) C2 H5 I + H2 → 𝑋
C2 H5 OH
Electrolysis
(ii) CH3 COONa + H2 O → 𝑌
773 K, Cr2 O3 /Al2 O3
(iii) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 → 𝑍
(a) 𝑋 = C2 H6 , 𝑌 = C2 H6 , 𝑍 = C6 H6 (b) 𝑋 = CH4 , 𝑌 = CH3 COOH, 𝑍 = CH3 CH3
(c) 𝑋 = C2 H6 , 𝑌 = CH4 , Z = C4 H10 (d) 𝑋 = C2 H6 , 𝑌 = CH4 , 𝑍 = C5 H10

27. In the given reactions :

𝑁𝑎,𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 Br2 𝑁𝑎,𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 NaOH NaOH Br2
(i) CH3 Br → 𝑋 → 𝑌 → 𝑍 (ii) CH3 COOH → 𝑋 → 𝑌 → 𝑍
ℎ𝑣 CaO ℎ𝜈
(a) (i) CH4 , CH3 Br, CH3 CH3 (ii) CH3 COONa, CH3 CH3 , CH3 CH2 Br
(b) (i) CH3 CH3, CH4, CH3 Br, (ii) CH3 COONa, CH4 , CH3 CH2 CH3
(c) (i) CH3 CH2 Br, CH3 CH3 , CH3 CH2 CH3 , (ii) CH3 COONa, CH4 , CH3 Br
(d) (i) CH3 CH3 , CH3 CH2 Br, CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 (ii) CH3 COONa, CH4 , CH3 Br

10.3 ALKENES

28. The restricted rotation about carbon-carbon double bond in 2- butene is due to NCERT Page-376 / N-306
(a) overlap of one 𝑠 - and one 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridized orbitals
(b) overlap of two 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridized orbitals
(c) overlap of one 𝑝-and one 𝑠𝑝2 -hybridized orbitals
(d) sideways overlap of two 𝑝-orbitals

29. IUPAC name of the following compound will be NCERT Page-377 / N-307
 (a) 3-ethyl-2-hexene
(b) 3-propyl-2-hexene
(c) 3-propyl-3-hexene
(d) 4-ethyl-4-hexene

30. Name of ClCH2 − CBr = CBr − Cl according to IUPAC nomenclature system is NCERT Page-381, 382
(a) 2,3-dibromo-1,4-dichlorobutene-2
(b) 1,4-dichloro-2,3-dibromobutene-2
(c) dichlorodibromobutene
(d) dichlorodibromobutane

31. Which one of the following exhibits geometrical isomerism? NCERT Page-378 / N-308
(a) 1,2-Dibromopropene
(b) 2,3-Dimethylbut-2-ene
(c) 2,3-Dibromobut-2-ene
(d) Both (a) and (c)

32. The compounds CH3 CH = CHCH3 and CH3 CH2 CH = CH2 NCERT Page-376 / N-307 & 308
(a) are tautomers
(b) are position isomers
(c) contain same number of 𝑠𝑝3 − 𝑠𝑝3 , 𝑠𝑝3 − 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝2 −𝑠𝑝2 carbon-carbon bonds
(d) exist together in dynamic equilibrium

33. The number of possible open chain (acyclic) isomeric compounds for molecular formula C5 H10 would be
(a) 8 NCERT Page-377 / N-307
(b) 7
(c) 6
(d) 5

34. Geometrical isomerism is not shown by NCERT Page-378 / N-308

(a)

(b) C2 H5 − CH = CH − CH2 I
(c) CH2 = C(Cl)CH3
(d) CH3 − CH = CH − CH = CH2

35. By which reaction ethene is obtained from ethyne? NCERT Page- N-309
(a) oxidation
(b) polymerisation
(c) hydrogenation
(d) dehydrogenation
36. The major product formed when 2-bromobutane is treated with alcoholic KOH is NCERT Page-379, 380
(a) 2-Butanol
(b) 1-Butene
(c) 1-Butanol
(d) trans-2-butene

37. Ethyl alcohol is heated with conc. H2 SO4. The product formed is : NCERT Page-380 / N-310
(a) H3 C − CO − OC2 H5 (b) C2 H6 (c) C2 H4 (d) C2 H2
38. The products formed in the following reaction.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

39. Choose the correct option for the following reactions. NCERT Page- N-311 & 312

(a) ' 𝐴 ' and ' 𝐵 ' are both Markovnikov addition products.
(b) ' 𝐴 ' is Markovnikov product and ' 𝐵 ' is antiMarkovnikov product.
(c) ' 𝐴 ' and ' 𝐵 ' are both anti-Markovnikov products.
(d) ' 𝐵 ' is Markovnikov and ' 𝐴 ' is anti-Markovnikov product.

40. When one mole of an alkene on ozonolysis produces 2 moles of propanone, the alkene is NCERT Page-383/N-313
(a) 3-methyl-1-butene
(b) 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene
(c) 2,3-dimethyl-2-pentene
(d) 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene

41. Major product ' 𝐵 ' of the following reaction sequence is:

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
42.

A(predominantly) is : NCERT Page-381 / N-31

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

43. 1-Butene may be converted to butane by reaction with NCERT Page-380 / N-310
(a) Sn − HCl (b) Zn − Hg (c) Pd/H2 (d) Zn − HCl

44. A reagent used to test unsaturation in alkene is -

(a) ammonical Cu2 Cl2 (b) ammonical AgNO3 (c) solution of Br2 in CCl4 (d) conc. H2 SO4

45. A compound ' A ' on reaction with ' X ' and ' Y ' produces the same major product but different byproduct ' 𝑎 ' and ' 𝑏 '.
Oxidation of ' 𝑎 ' gives a substance produced by ants.

' 𝑋 ' and ' 𝑌 ' respectively are NCERT Page N-313
(a) KMnO4 /H +and dil. KMnO4 , 273 K
(b) KMnO4 (dilute), 273 K and KMnO4 /H +
(c) KMnO4 /H +and O3 , H2 O/Zn
(d) O3 , H2 O/Zn and KMnO4 /H +

46. In the following sequence of reactions, the alkene affords the compound ' B ' NCERT Page-383 / N-313
O3 H2 O
CH3 − CH = CH − CH3 → A → B.
Zn
The compound B is
(a) CH3 CH2 CHO
(b) CH3 COCH3
(c) CH3 CH2 COCH3
(d) CH3 CHO

47. Which among the following pairs of the structures will give different products on ozonolysis?
(Consider the double bonds in the structures are rigid and not delocalized.) NCERT Page N-313
48. The alkene that will give the same product with HBr in the absence as well as in the presence of peroxide is
(a) 2-butene NCERT Page-383 / N-311, 312
(b) 1-butene
(c) propene
(d) 1-hexene

49. Two isomers ' 𝐴 ' and ' 𝐵 ' with molecular formula C4 H8 give different products on oxidation with KMnO4 in acidic.
medium. Isomer ' 𝐴 ' on reaction with KMnO4 /H +results in effervescence of a gas and gives ketone. The compound ' 𝐴
' is NCERT Page- N-313
(a) But-1-ene
(b) cis-But-2-ene
(c) trans-But-2ene
(d) 2-methyl propene

50. The reaction of HI with CH3 − CH = CH2 at 400∘ C yields : NCERT Page-377 & 383 / N-311
(a) CH2 I − CH = CH2
(b) CH3 − CHI − CH3
(c) CH3 − CH2 − CH2 I
(d) CH2 I − CH2 − CH2 I

51. Ethene when treated with Br2 in the presence of CCl4 which compound is formed? NCERT Page-380, 381/ N-310
(a) 1,2-Dibromoethane
(b) 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) 1,1,1-Tribromoethane

52. Isopropyl alcohol is obtained by reacting which of the following alkenes with conc. H2 SO4 and H2 O NCERT-383
(a) Ethylene
(b) Propylene
(c) 2-methylpropene
(d) Isoprene

53. Correct order of stability is : NCERT Page-377 / N-308

(a) cis -2-butene > 1-butene > trans -2-butene
(b) trans-2-butene > cis-2-butene > 1-butene
(c) 1-butene > cis-2-butene > trans-2- butene
(d) cis-2-butene > trans-2-butene > 1-butene

54. Which of the following is correct set of physical properties of the geometrical isomers? NCERT Page-378 / N-308
 Dipole moment B.P. M.P. Stability
(a) I > II I > II II > I I > II
(b) II > I II > I II > I II > I
(c) I > II I > II I > II I > II
(d) II > I II > I I > II I > II

55. But-2-ene exhibits cis, trans-isomerism due to NCERT Page- N-308

(a) rotation around C3 − C4 sigma bond
(b) restricted rotation around C = C bond
(c) rotation around C1 − C2 bond
(d) rotation around C2 − C3 double bond

56. When 3, 3-dimethyl 2-butanol is heated with H2 SO4, the major product obtained is NCERT Page-380 / N-310
(a) 2,3-dimethyl 2-butene
(b) 3,3-dimethyl 1-butene
(c) 2,3-dimethyl 1-butene
(d) cis & trans isomers of 2, 3-dimethyl 2-butene

57. The only alcohol that can be prepared by the indirect hydration of alkene is NCERT Page-383 / N-313
(a) Ethyl alcohol
(b) Propyl alcohol
(c) Isobutyl alcohol
(d) Methyl alcohol

58. 'A' and ' 𝐁 ' respectively are: NCERT Page- N-313
(1) O3 , (2) Zn2 H2 O
𝐴→ Ethane-1,2-dicarbaldehyde + Glyoxal Oxaldehyde
(1) O3 , (2) Zn2 H2 O
B→ 5-oxohexanal
(a) 1-methylcyclohex-1,3-diene & cyclopentene
(b) Cyclohex-1,3-diene & cyclopentene
(c) 1-methylcyclohex-1,4-diene &1-methylcyclopent-1-ene
(d) Cyclohex-1,3-diene & 1-methylcyclopent-1-ene

59. In the presence of peroxide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen iodide do not give anti-Markovnikov's addition to
alkenes because NCERT Page-382 / N-312
(a) Both are highly ionic
(b) One is oxidising and the other is reducing
(c) One of the steps is endothermic in both the cases
(d) All the steps are exothermic in both the cases

60. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding dehydrohalogenation of alkenes? NCERT Page-380
(a) During the reaction hydrogen atom is eliminated from the 𝛽 - carbon atom.
(b) Rate of reaction for same alkyl group; Iodine > Bromine > Chlorine
 (c) Rate of reaction; (CH3 )3 C−> (CH3 )2 CH−> CH3 CH2 −

(d) Only nature of halogen atom determines rate of the reaction.

61. Arrange in decreasing order of reactivity towards HCl

(1) F − CH = CH2
(2) (CH3 )2 C = CH2
(3) NO2 − CH = CH2
(4) (CN)2 C = C(CN)2
(a) 2 > 1 > 3 > 4 (b) 4 > 1 > 3 > 2
(c) 1 > 4 > 2 > 3 (d) 3 > 2 > 4 > 1
hv
62. (C7 H5 O2 )2 → [x] + 2Ċ6 H5 + 2CO2
Consider the above reaction and identify the intermediate ' X NCERT PAGE- 382/N-312
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

63. In the given reaction NCERT PAGE-381/N-311

. Here structure of [X] an be

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

64. The products for the following reactions are NCERT Page-379, 383 / N-309, 313
(i)

(ii)

(a) 𝑋 = (CH3 )2 C = CH2 , 𝑌 = CH3 CH2 CHO, 𝑍 = CH3 CH2 CHO

(b) X = CH2 = CH2 , 𝑌 = CH3 CHO, 𝑍 = CH3 COOH

(c) 𝑋 = CH3 − CH = CH − CH3 ,

(d) 𝑋 = CH3 − CH = C(CH3 )2 , 𝑌 = HCHO, 𝑍 = CH3 CHO
 10.4 ALKYNES
65. The IUPAC name of the compound CH3 CH = CHC ≡ CH is NCERT Page-384 / N-314
(a) Pent-1-yn-3-ene
(b) Pent-4-yn-2-ene
(c) Pent-3-en-1-yne
(d) Pent-2-en-4-yne

66. Number of alkynes for formula C5 H8 is NCERT Page-384 / N-314

(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Reagent
67. R − CH2 − CCl2 − R → R−C≡C−R
The reagent is NCERT Page-380 / N-316
(a) Na
(b) HCl in H2 O
(c) KOH in C2 H5 OH
(d) Zn in alcohol.

68. Calcium carbide when treated with water gives: NCERT Page-385
(a) ethylene
(b) methane
(c) acetylene
(d) ethane

69. Which one of the following has the minimum boiling point? NCERT Page-371, 380 & 386
(a) 1-Butene
(b) 1-Butyne
(c) n-Butane
(d) Isobutane

70. Ammonical silver nitrate forms a white precipitate easily with NCERT Page-386
(a) CH3 C ≡ CH
(b) CH3 C ≡ CCH3
(c) CH3 CH = CH2
(d) CH2 = CH2

71. When acetylene is passed through dil. H2 SO4 in presence of HgSO4 , the compound formed is NCERT Page-387
(a) ether
(b) acetaldehyde
(c) acetic acid
(d) ketone

72. Which of the following will be the final product when C2 H2 reacts with HCl NCERT Page-387 / N-317
(a) CH2 = CHCl
(b) CH3 − CHCl2
 (c) CHCl = CH2 Cl
(d) None of these

73. The hydrocarbon which can react with sodium in liquid ammonia is NCERT Page-386 / N-316
(a) CH3 CH2 CH2 C ≡ CCH2 CH2 CH3
(b) CH3 CH2 C ≡ CH
(c) CH3 CH = CHCH3
(d) CH3 CH2 C ≡ CCH2 CH3

74. Which of these will not react with acetylene?

(a) NaOH
(c) Na
(b) Ammonical AgNO3
(d) HCl

75. When acetylene is passed over heated iron tube, the product obtained is NCERT Page-388 / N-318
(a) C2 H2
(c) C6 H6
(b) C4 H4
(d) C8 H8

76. But-2-yne on chlorination gives NCERT Page-387 / N-317

(a) 1-chlorobutane
(b) 1,2-dichlorobutane
(c) 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorobutane
(d) . 2, 2,3,3-tetrachlorobutane

77. When propyne reacts with aqueous H2 SO4 in the presence of HgSO4 , the major product is NCERT Page-387
(a) Propanal
(b) Propyl hydrogen sulphate
(c) Acetone
(d) Propanol

78. Propyne on polymerisation gives NCERT Page-387 / N-317

(a) Mesitylene
(c) Ethyl benzene
(b) Benzene
(d) Propyl benzene

79. What will be the major product of following sequence of reactions?

(i) 𝑛−𝐵𝑢𝐿𝑖, 𝑛−𝐶5 𝐻11 𝐶𝑙 (ii) Lindlar cat, H2
𝑛 − Bu−≡→
(a) (b)
 (c) (d)

80. Which of the following reaction is shown by alkynes? NCERT Page- N-317
(a) Addition
(b) Substitution
(c) Polymerization
(d) All of these

81. Which of the following reactions will yield 2 , 2-dibromopropane? NCERT Page-382 / N-317
(a) HC ≡ CH + 2HBr →
(b) CH3 C ≡ CH + 2HBr →
(c) CH3 CH = CH2 + HBr →
(d) CH3 CH = CHBr + HBr →

82. In the given reactions NCERT Page-387 / N-317

A
CH3 C ≡ CH → CH3 CBr2 CHBr2
B
CH3 C ≡ CH → CH3 CBr2 CH3
Hg2+ /H+
CH3 C ≡ CH → C
333 K
Hg2+ /H+
HC ≡ CH → D
333 K
A, B, C and D are respectively
(a) HBr, Br2 , CH3 COCH3 , CH3 CHO
(b) Br2 , HBr, CH3 COCH3 , CH3 CHO
(c) HBr, HBr, CH3 COCH3 , CH3 CHO
(d) Br2 , HBr, CH3 CH2 CHO, CH3 CHO

83. Which of the following polymer can be used as electrodes in batteries? NCERT Page-387 / N-318
(a) Polypropene
(b) Polyacetylene
(c) Polyethene
(d) Polyisoprene

84. Which of the following statements are correct ?

(i) Alkynes on reduction with palladised charcoal form cis alkenes.
(ii) Alkynes on reduction with palladised charcoal form trans alkenes.
(iii) Alkynes on reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia form trans alkenes.
(iv) Propyne on reduction with palladised charcoal form a mixture of cis and trans propene.
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)

85. How many structural isomers are possible for the alkyne C6 H10 ? NCERT Page-384 / N-314
(a) 7
(b) 6
 (c) 8
(d) 5

86. Acetylenic hydrogens are acidic because NCERT Page-386 / N-316

(a) Sigma electron density of C − H bond in acetylene is nearer to carbon, which has 50%𝑠-character
(b) Acetylene has only one hydrogen on each carbon
(c) Acetylene contains least number of hydrogens among the possible hydrocarbons having two carbons
(d) Acetylene belongs to the class of alkynes with molecular formula, C𝑛 H2𝑛−2 .

87. The correct increasing order of acidity of the following alkynes NCERT Page-386
(1) CH3 − C ≡ C − CH3
(2) CH3 − C ≡ CH
(3) CH ≡ CH
(a) 1 < 2 < 3
(b) 2 < 3 < 1
(c) 3 < 2 < 1
(d) 1 < 3 < 2

88. Identify the alkyne in the following sequence of reactions. NCERT Page-379, 383 & 387 / N-309, 313 & 317
H2 Ozonolysis Waker process
Alkyne → A → C2 H4 → B only
Lindlar's catalyst
(a) H3 C − C ≡ C − CH3 (b) H3 C − CH2 − C ≡ CH
(c) H2 C = CH − C ≡ CH (d) HC ≡ C − CH2 − C ≡ CH

89. Which of the following represents the correct order of acidic strength ? NCERT Page-386 / N-316
(i) HC ≡ CH > H2 C = CH2 > CH3 − CH3
(ii) HC ≡ CH > CH3 − CH3 > H2 C = CH2
(iii) CH3 C ≡ CH > HC ≡ CH > CH3 − C ≡ C − CH3
(iv) HC ≡ CH > CH3 − C ≡ CH > CH3 − C ≡ C − CH3
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)

90. Which of the following hydrocarbon will give following three products [X], [Y] and [Z] on heating with KMnO4
[X]

[Y]

[Z] HOOC − (CH2 )3 COOH

91. In which case CO2 is not produced as a by product? NCERT Page-383 / N-313

(d) Both in (a) and (c)

92.

[X] and [Y] are NCERT Page-386 / N-316

(a) Na/LiqNHNH3 , Br − CH2 − CH2 − F
(b) Na/LiqNH3 , Br − CH2 − CH2 − Cl
(c) Na/LiqNHNH3 , Br − CH2 − CH2 − I
(d) Na/LiqNH3 , Br − CH2 − CH2 − CH2 − C

93. Which of the following reactions does not show the acidic nature of ethyne? NCERT Page- N-316
(a) Acetylene reacts with sodamide to form sodium acetylides.
(b) When passed through ammoniacal cuprous chloride solution, a red precipitate is formed.
(c) Acetylene reacts with chlorine in the dark to form di or tetrachlorides.
(d) Acetylene when passed through ammoniacal silver nitrate gives a white precipitate.

94. Which of the following does not represent polymerisation of alkenes and alkynes? NCERT Page-387 / N-317
95. Choose the correct reagents used in the conversion. NCERT Page-387 / N-311 & 317

𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑠
(a) Br2 alc. KOH NaOH Al2 O3
(b) HBr alc. KOH CaC2 KMnO4
(c) HBr alc. KOH NaNH2 red hot iron tube
(d) Br2 alc. KOH NaNH2 red hot iron tube

10.5 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

96. Aromatic compounds burns with sooty flame because NCERT Page- N-322
(a) they have a ring structure of carbon atoms
(b) they have a relatively high percentage of hydrogen
(c) they have a relatively high percentage of carbon
(d) they resist reaction with oxygen of air

97. Which of the following compounds is not aromatic? NCERT Page-391 / N-321

(a) (b)

(C) (d)

98. Select the true statement about benzene amongst the following
NCERT Page- N-320 & 321
(a) Because of unsaturation benzene easily undergoes addition
(b) There are two types of C − C bonds in benzene molecule
(c) There is cyclic delocalisation of 𝜋-electrons in benzene
 (d) Monosubstitution of benzene gives three isomeric products.

99. Benzene can be directly obtained from NCERT Page-388 / N-321 & 322
(a) Acetylene
(b) Phenol
(c) Chlorobenzene
(d) All the above

100. NCERT Page N − 321

The product A is
(a) Benzene
(b) Benzaldehyde
(c) Toluene
(d) Benzoic acid

101. In a reaction of C6 H5 Y, the major product (> 60%) is m-isomer, so the group Y is
(a) −COOH
(b) −NH2
(c) −OH
(d) −Cl

HNO3 Br2
102. C6H6 → A → B. The compound B is NCERT Page-392 / N-322
H2 SO4 FeBr2

(a) (b)

(C) (d)

103. Chlorobenzene is 𝑜, 𝑝-directing in electrophilic substitution reaction. The directing influence is explained by
(a) +M of Ph NCERT PAGE-395/N-325
(b) +I of Cl
(c) +M of Cl
(d) +I of Ph

104. Catalytic hydrogenation of benzene gives NCERT Page-394 / N-324

(a) xylene
(b) cyclohexane
 (c) benzoic acid
(d) toluene

105. The strongest ortho - para and strongest meta - directing groups respectively are NCERT Page-395
(a) −NO2 and −NH2
(d) −NH2 and −NO2
(b) −CONH2 and −NH2
(c) −NH2 and −CONH2

106. For the formation of toluene by Friedal Crafts reaction, reactants used in presence of anhydrous AlCl3 are
(a) C2 H2 and CCl4 NCERT Page-392 / N-322
(b) CH4 and CaCN2
(c) C6 H6 and CH3 Cl
(d) C2 H5 OH and Zn

107. Benzene can be obtained in the reaction NCERT Page-388 / N-321

(a) Ethene + 1, 3-butadiene
(b) Trimerisation of ethyne
(c) Reduction of PhCHO
(d) All of these

108. Benzene reacts with CH3 COCl + AlCl3 to give NCERT Page-392 / N-323
(a) chlorobenzene
(b) toluene
(c) benzyl chloride
(d) acetophenone

109. Benzene on reaction with ozone forms

(a) 2 molecules of aldehyde and 1 molecule of ketone
(b) 2 molecules of ketone and 1 molecule of aldehyde
(c) triozonide
(d) hexaozonide

110. Which of the following structures are aromatic in nature? NCERT PAGE 391/N-321

(a) A,B,C and D

(b) Only A and B
(c) Only 𝐴 and 𝐶
(d) Only B, C and D

111.

The stable carbocation formed in the above reaction is : NCERT Page- N-322
 ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ (d)
(a) CH3 CH2 C H2 (b) CH3 C H2 (c) CH3 C H2 − CH3

112. During the nitration of benzene. In the process of generation of nitronium ion sulphuric acid behaves as
a/an______and nitric acid behave as a/an_________ NCERT Page-392 / N-322
(a) base, acid
(b) acid, base
(c) strong acid, weak acid
(d) weak acid, strong acid

113. Benzene is highly unsaturated but it does not undergo addition reaction because NCERT Page-389 / N-319
(a) 𝜋-electrons of benzene are delocalised.
(b) cyclic structures do not show addition reaction
(c) benzene is a non-reactive compound
(d) All of the above

114. Which one of these is not compatible with arenes?

(a) Greater stability
(b) Delocalisation of 𝜋-electrons
(c) Electrophilic additions
(d) Resonance

115. The carbon-carbon bond length in benzene is NCERT Page-390 / N-321

(a) Same as in C2 H4
(b) In between C2 H6 and C2 H2
(c) In between C2 H4 and C2 H2
(d) In between C2 H6 and C2 H4

116. (i) Chlorobenzene and (ii) benzene hexachloride are obtained from benzene by the reaction of chlorine, in the Presence
of NCERT Page-393 / N-323
(a) (i) Direct sunlight and (ii) anhydrous AlCl3
(b) (i) Sodium hydroxide and (ii) sulphuric acid
(c) (i) Ultraviolet light and (ii) anhydrous FeCl3
(d) (i) Anhydrous AlCl3 and (ii) direct sunlight

117. A group which deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution but which directs the incoming
group principally to the 𝑜-and 𝑝-positions is NCERT/Page- N-325
(a) −NH2
(b) -Cl
(c) −NO2
(d) −C2 H5

118. Benzene can be obtained by heating either benzoic acid with X or phenol with Y. X and Y are respectively.
(a) Zinc dust and soda lime NCERT Page- N-321 & 322
(b) Soda lime and zinc dust
(c) Zinc dust and sodium hydroxide
(d) Soda lime and copper
119. Which of the following chemical system is non aromatic? NCERT Page-391 / N-318
 (a) (b)

(C) (d)

120. Increasing order of rate of Friedel craft reaction in NCERT PAGE-391, 392/N-322, 323

(a) III < II < I

(b) II < III < I
(c) I < III < II
(d) I < II < III

121. Friedel craft acylation can be used to obtain NCERT Page-392 / N-322
(a) (b)

(C) (d)

122. Reaction of SO3 is easier in NCERT Page-395 / N-325

(a) (b)

(C) (d)

123. Arrange the following molecules in the increasing order of 𝜎 to 𝜋 bond ratio. NCERT Page-390 / N-321

(a) (2) < (3) < (4) < (1) (b) (2) < (4) < (3) < (1)
(c) (3) < (2) < (1) < (4) (d) (2) < (3) < (1) < (4)
 10.6 CARCINOGEICITY & TOXICITY
124. Which of the following statements are correct? NCERT Page-395 / N-325
(i) Polynuclear hydrocarbons contain two or more benzene rings fused together.
(ii) Polynuclear hydrocarbons have carcinogenic property.
(iii) Polynuclear hydrocarbons are formed on incomplete combustion of organic materials like tobacco, coal and
petroleum.
(iv) They are also produced in human body due to various biochemical reactions.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii),(iii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii)

Exercise 2 : NCERT Exemplar & NEET

NCERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS

1. Arrange the following in decreasing order of their boiling points. NCERT Page-371 / N-302
1. 𝑛-butane 2. 2-methylbutane 3. n-pentane 4. 2,2-dimethylpropane
(a) 1 > 2 > 3 > 4
(b) 2 > 3 > 4 > 1
(c) 4 > 3 > 2 > 1
(d) 3 > 2 > 4 > 1
2. Arrange the halogens F2 , Cl2 , Br2 , I2 , in order of their increasing reactivity with alkanes. NCERT Page-373 / N-303
(a) I2 < Br2 < Cl2 < F2 (b) Br2 < Cl2 < F2 < I2
(c) F2 < Cl2 < Br2 < I2 (d) Br2 < I2 < Cl2 < F2
3. The increasing order of reduction of alkyl halides with zinc and dilute HCl is NCERT Page-370 / N-300
(a) R − Cl < R − I < R − Br (b) R − Cl < R − Br < R − I
(c) R − I < R − Br < R − Cl (d) R − Br < R − I < R − Cl
4. The correct IUPAC name of the following alkane is NCERT Page-367 / N-297

(a) 3, 6-diethyl-2-methyloctane (b) 5-isopropyl-3-ethyloctane

(c) 3-ethyl-5-isopropyloctane (d) 3-isopropyl-6-ethyloctane
5. The addition of HBr to 1-butene gives a mixture of products A, B and C. NCERT Page-381 / N-311
(C) CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − CH2 − Br

The mixture consists of

 (a) A and B as major and C as minor products (b) B as major, A and C as minor products
(c) B as minor, A and C as major products (d) A and B as minor and C as major products

6. Which of the following will not show geometrical isomerism? NCERT Page-377 / N-308
(a) (b)

(C) (d)

7. Arrange the following hydrogen halides in order of their decreasing reactivity with propene. NCERT Page-381
(a) HCl > HBr > HI
(b) HBr > HI > HCl
(c) HI > HBr > HCl
(d) HCl > HI > HBr

8. Arrange the following carbanions in order of their decreasing stability.

A. H3 C − C ≡ C −
B. H − C ≡ C −
C. H3 C − C̅H2
(a) A > B > C
(b) B > A > C
(c) C > B > A
(d) C > A > B

9. Arrange the following alkyl halides in decreasing order of the rate of 𝛽-elimination reaction with alcoholic KOH.

A.
B. CH3 − CH2 − Br NCERT Page-380 / N-310
C. CH3 − CH2 − CH2 − Br
(a) A > B > C
(b) C > B > A
(c) B > C > A
(d) A > C > B

10. Which of the following reactions of methane is incomplete combustion? NCERT Page-374 / N-304
Cu/523 K/100 atm
(a) 2CH4 + O2 → 2CH3 OH
Mo2 O3
(b) CH4 + O2 → HCHO + H2 O
(c) CH4 + O2 ⟶ C(𝑠) + 2H2 O(𝑙)
(d) CH4 + 2O2 ⟶ CO2 (g) + 2H2 O(𝑙)
 NEET
11. Consider the following compounds/species

The number of compounds/species which obey Huckel's rule is____ NCERT-399/N-321

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 5

12. Compound X on reaction with O3 followed by Zn/H2 O gives formaldehyde and 2-methyl propanal as products.
The compound X is: NCERT Page-383/N-313 [NEET
(a) 2-Methylbut-1-ene (b) 3-Methylbut-2-ene
(c) Pent-2-ene (d) 3-Methylbut-1-ene

13. Which compound amongst the following is not an aromatic compound? NCERT Page-391 / N-321] NEER
(a) (b)

(C) (d)

NaOH,+?
14. CH3 CH2 COO− Na+ → CH3 CH3 + Na2 CO3 . Consider the above reaction and identify the missing
Heat
reagent/chemical. NCERT Page-371 / N-301 I [NEET
(a) DIBAL-H (b) B2 H6 (c) Red Phosphorus (d) CaO

15. An alkene on ozonolysis gives methanal as one of the product. Its structure is NCERT Page-383/N-313 NEET
 (a) (b)

(C) (d)

16. The most suitable reagent for the following conversion, is: NCERT Page-379 / N-304 | NEET

(a) Na/ liquid NH3

(b) H2 , Pd/C, quinoline
(c) Zn/HCl
(d) Hg 2+ /H + , H2 O

17. Hydrocarbon (𝐴) reacts with bromine by substitution to . form an alkyl bromide which by Wurtz reaction is
converted to gaseous hydrocarbon containing less than four carbon atoms. (A) is NCERT Page-371 / N-301 I NEET
(a) CH ≡ CH
(b) CH2 = CH2
(c) CH4
(d) CH3 − CH3

18. Predict the correct intermediate and product in the following reaction: NCERT/Page-387 / N-317 | NEETI 2017, S
H2 O,H2 SO4
H3 C − C ≡ CH → Intermediate → product
HgSO4 (A) (B)

19. With respect to the conformers of ethane, which of the following statements is true? NCERT-375/N-305
(a) Bond angle changes but bond length remains same
(b) Both bond angle and bond length change
(c) Both bond angles and bond length remains same
(d) Bond angle remains same but bond length changes
 20. The correct statement regarding the comparison of staggered and eclipsed conformation of ethane, is
a) The staggered conformation of ethane is less stable than eclipsed conformation; because staggered conformation
has torsional strain NCERT Page- N-305 NEET
b) The eclipsed conformation of ethane is more stable than staggered conformation, because eclipsed conformation
has no torsional strain
c) The eclipsed conformation of ethane is more stable than staggered conformation even though the eclipsed
conformation has torsional strain.
d) The staggered conformation of ethane is more stable than eclipsed conformation, because staggered conformation
has no torsional strain.
(i) NaNH2 (i) NaNH2
liq. NH3 liq. NH3
21. In the reaction, H − C ≡ CH > X > Y
(ii) CH3 CH2 Br (ii) CH3 CH2 Br
X and Y are [NCERT Page-386 / N-316 / NEEII 2016, S
(a) X = 1-Butyne; Y = 3-Hexyne (b) X = 2-Butyne; Y = 3-Hexyne
(c) 𝑋 = 2-Butyne; 𝑌 = 2-Hexyne (d) X = 1-Butyne; Y = 2-Hexyne

(a) (b)

(C) (d)

ANSWER KEYS

Exercise 1: NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs

1 (c) 14 (c) 27 (d) 40 (d) 53 (b) 66 (b) 79 (c) 92 (c) 105 (d) 118 (b)
2 (d) 15 (a) 28 (d) 41 (b) 54 (c) 67 (c) 80 (d) 93 (c) 106 (c) 119 (a)
3 (c) 16 (b) 29 (a) 42 (b) 55 (b) 68 (c) 81 (b) 94 (d) 107 (b) 120 (d)
4 (d) 17 (c) 30 (a) 43 (c) 56 (a) 69 (d) 82 (b) 95 (d) 108 (d) 121 (d)
5 (c) 18 (c) 31 (d) 44 (c) 57 (a) 70 (a) 83 (b) 96 (c) 109 (c) 122 (a)
6 (c) 19 (d) 32 (b) 45 (c) 58 (d) 71 (b) 84 (b) 97 (c) 110 (b) 123 (c)
7 (a) 20 (d) 33 (c) 46 (d) 59 (c) 72 (b) 85 (a) 98 (c) 111 (c) 124 (d)
8 (c) 21 (c) 34 (c) 47 (c) 60 (d) 73 (b) 86 (a) 99 (d) 112 (b)
9 (a) 22 (a) 35 (c) 48 (a) 61 (a) 74 (a) 87 (a) 100 (a) 113 (a)
10 (c) 23 (c) 36 (d) 49 (d) 62 (d) 75 (c) 88 (a) 101 (a) 114 (c)
11 (b) 24 (a) 37 (c) 50 (b) 63 (b) 76 (d) 89 (c) 102 (a) 115 (d)
12 (a) 25 (c) 38 (b) 51 (a) 64 (c) 77 (c) 90 (c) 103 (c) 116 (a)
13 (d) 26 (a) 39 (b) 52 (b) 65 (c) 78 (a) 91 (b) 104 (b) 117 (b)

NCERT EXEMPLAR & NEET

1 (d) 4 (a) 7 (c) 10 (c) 13 (c) 16 (b) 19 (c)
2 (a) 5 (a) 8 (b) 11 (a) 14 (d) 17 (c) 20 (d)
3 (b) 6 (d) 9 (d) 12 (d) 15 (b) 18 (c) 21 (a)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE-1
1. (c) Hydrocarbons
2. (d) Saturated
3. (c) Aromatic compounds : These compounds burn with smoke. e.g., Benzene.
4. (d) All of these
5. (c) Pentane (C5 H12 ) exists as three chain isomers

6. (c) According to alphabetical order.

7. (a)
8. (c) Staggered form given in option (c) has the dihedral angle of 180∘ .
9. (a) When alkyl halide is treated with sodium metal in presence of ether, alkane is obtained, this reaction is called as
Wurtz reaction.
dry ether
R − X + 2Na + X − R′ → R − R′ + 2NaBr
CH3 −CH3 +2NaBr
CH3 − Br + 2Na + Br − CH3 →
10. (c) Methane cannot be prepared by Wurtz reaction, Kolbe's method and reduction with H2 . Since CH4 has one carbon
atom, so pure methane can be producd by decarboxylation of CH3 COONa.
11. (b) Sodium salts of carboxylic acids on heating with soda lime (mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide) give
alkanes containing one carbon atom less than the carboxylic acid. This process of elimination of carbon dioxide from a
carboxylic acid is known as decarboxylation
CaO
CH3 COO− Na+ + NaOH → CH4 +
Sodiumethanoate Δ Methane Na2 CO3
h𝜈
12. (a) Cl2 → 2Cl∘ (free radical)
Chain initiation
13. (d)
14. (c)
15. (a) Complete combustion of all organic compounds leads to formation of CO2 + H2 O.
16. (b) During cracking higher hydrocarbons (liquid) are converted to lower gaseous hydrocarbons.
17. (c) n-Alkanes on heating with anhydrous aluminium chloride and hydrogen chloride gas isomerise to branched chain
alkanes.
18. (c) A conformation is defined as the relative arrangement of atoms or groups around a central atom, obtained by the
free rotation of one part of the molecule with respect to rest of the molecule. For a complete rotation of 360∘ , one part
may rotate through any degree say 0.1∘ , 0.5∘ , 1∘ etc. giving rise to infinite number of relative arrangements of group
(atom) around a central atom, keeping other part fixed.
19. (d) Spatial arrangements of atoms which can be converted around a C − C single bond are called conformations or
conformers or rotamers.
20. (d) Iso pentane (C5 H12 )
C5 H12 + 8O2 ⟶ 5CO2 + 6H2 O
21. (c)

(Tertiary alcohol)

22. (a) It is obtained only in (a)

23. (c)
(CH3 COO)2 Mn NaOH
→ CH3 COOH → CH4
CaO,Δ
For second reaction see NCERT, hydrocarbon.
24. (a) For (b), (c) and (d) we have to take mixture of alkyl halides and hence many side products will also form along with
main products.
25. (c) The reaction is complete oxidation or combustion of alkanes.
26. (a) (i) Hydrogenation
(ii) Kolbe's electrolytic method
(iii) dehydrogenation, aromatization
Na, ether Br2 Na
27. (d) (i) CH3 Br → CH3 CH3 → CH3 CH2 Br → CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
ℎ𝑣 ether
NaOH NaOH Br2
(ii) CH3 COOH → CH3 COONa → CH4 → CH3 Br
CaO ℎ𝑣
28. (d) Double bond is stronger than single bond.
29. (a) Lowest number should be given to the functional group.
30. (a) Since 𝐛 (from bromo) comes earlier in alphabetical order than 𝐜 (from chloro), the correct name should be
2,3dibromo-1, 4-dichlorobutene-2 and not 1,4-dichloro-2, 3-dibromobutene-2.
31. (d) Alkenes having double bonds with two different groups on each end of the double bond show geometrical
isomerism. A2 b2 c2 , A2 b2 cd, A2 bcde.
32. (b) The two isomers differ in the position of the double bond so they are called position isomers.
33. (c) C5 H10 has 1∘ degree of unsaturation since the isomers are acyclic, all of these are alkenes. For writing the isomers,
first introduce the double bond at different possible positions, and then consider the possibility of branching in the
alkyl group.
34. (c) The condition for geometrical isomerism is
 CH2 = C(Cl)CH3 does not follow above mention condition.
35. (c) Catalytic hydrogenation of ethyne in the presence of hydrogen gas fours ethene.
36. (d)

conc. H2 SO4
37. (c) C2 H5 OH → C2 H4 + H2 O
KMnO4
Note: If ethyl alcohol is taken in excess and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 433 − 443 K diethyl ether is
formed.
conc. H2 SO4
2C2 H5 OH → C2 H5 OC2 H5 + H2 O
(excess) 433−443 K
38. (b)

39. (b)

40. (d) Since given alkene on ozonolysis gives 2 moles of propanone, hence alkene should have a double bond between two
equivalent C atoms i.e. the formula should be

41. (b)
42. (b) In case of an unsymmetrical alkene formation of major product is decided on the basis of Markovnikov's rule.

Of the two possibilities 2∘ carbocation is more stable so the product of the reaction expected was predominantly one
formed by 2∘ carbocation.
But due to rearrangement of 2∘ carbocation to 3∘ , in this case the major product formed is 2-bromo-2-methylbutane
i.e. option (b) is correct answer.
Please note that all carbocations do not rearrange.)

43. (c) Alkenes combine with hydrogen under pressure and in presence of a catalyst ( Ni, Pt or Pd ) and form alkanes.
H2 /Pd
Butene − 1 → Butane
44. (c)

45. (c)
 46. (d) Completing the sequence of given reactions,

2CH3 CHO + H2 O + ZnO

47. (c)

48. (a) The addition of HBr to symmetrical alkenes is not affected by the presence or absence of peroxide.
49. (d) KMnO4 oxidised alkene to ketone

50. (b) When unsymmetrical unsaturated hydrocarbon reacts with unsymmetrical reagent, then negative part of reagents
attacks that carbon which has less H-atom. [Markovnikov's rule]

51. (a)

1, 2-Dibromoethane
52. (b)

ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
53. (b) Stability of an alkene depends upon the heat of hydrogenation of an alkene. The heat of hydration is the standard
enthalpy change in hydrogenation of on alkene. The lower the heat of hydrogenation of an alkene higher will be the
stability.
54. (c) In compounds

first has more dipole moment than second.

Therefore its boiling point will be higher. Melting point depends on symmetry therefore I has higher melting point
than II. Steric crowding in II is more than I therefore I is more stable than II.
55. (b) cis-trans isomerism occur due to restricted rotation around C = C bond.
56. (a) When 3, 3 dimethyl 2-butanol is heated with H2 SO4 the major product obtained is 2,3 dimethyl 2-butene.
57. (a)

Except ethyl alcohol, no other primary alcohol can be prepared by this method as the addition of H2 SO4 follows
Markovnikov's rule. Generally secondary and tertiary alcohols are obtained.
58. (d)

59. (c)
60. (d) Nature of halogen atom and the alkyl group both determine rate of the reaction.
61. (a) Observe stability of C + ion.
62. (d)

63. (b) Markovnikov addition of HBr.

64. (c)
65. (c) When both double and triple bonds are present, then triple bond is considered as the principal group.
C3 H3 − CH = CH − C ≡ C
5 3 2
66. (b) Three alkynes are possible for the formula C5 H8.
(i) CH3 CH2 CH2 C ≡ CH
(ii) CH3 CH2 C ≡ CCH3
(iii)

67. (c) On heating an ethylene chloride ( 1,1 dichloro ethane) with alcoholic potash followed by sodamide alkyne is
obtained
alc. KOH NaNH2
R − CH2 − CCl2 − R → R − CH = CCl − R → R−C≡C−R
68. (c) CaC2 + 2H2 O ⟶ HC ≡ CH + Ca(OH)2
Calcium Acetylene
carbide
69. (d) Among isomeric alkanes, the straight chain isomer has higher boiling point than the branched chain isomer. The
greater the branching of the chain, the lower is the boiling point. Further due to the presence of 𝜋 electrons, these
molecules are slightly polar and hence have higher boiling points than the corrosponding alkanes.
70. (a) Terminal alkyenes give a white precipitate easily on reaction with ammonical silver nitrate solution.
71. (b)

[CH2 = CHOH] ⟶ CH3 CHO

unstable
72. (b)

1, 1-Dichloroethane
73. (b) Alkynes having terminal −C ≡ H react with Na in liquid ammonia to yield H2 gas.
Na in 1
CH3 CH2 C ≡ CH → CH3 CH2 C ≡ C − Na+ + H2 (𝑔)
liquid NH3 2
74. (a) Acetylene reacts with the other three as:

75. (c) Cyclic polymerization Br2 /CCl4

76. (d) Used for unsaturation test.
77. (c)
78. (a)

Mesitylene or 1,3, 5-trimethyl benzene

79. (c) Alkyl lithium act as a base.

80. (d) Addition -

Ni′
CH ≡ CH + 3H2 → CH3 − CH3
Substitution -
1
CH ≡ CH + Na ⟶ CH ≡ C − Na+ + H2
2
Polymerization-

81. (b)

82. (b) Halogenation, Addition of hydrogen halides, Addition of water, Addition of water.
83. (b) Thin film of polyacetylene can be used as electrodes in batteries. These films are good conductors, lighter and
cheaper than the metal conductors.
84. (b) For statement (ii), alkynes on reduction with Pd/C form cis-alkenes. For statement (iv), propyne on reduction with
Pd/C forms propene. Propene does not show geometrical isomerism. Only those compounds show geometrical
isomerism which have two different atoms or groups attached to each carbon atom.

85. (a)
(i) HC ≡ C − CH2 − CH2 − CH2 − CH3 Hex-1-yne
(ii) CH3 − C ≡ C − CH2 − CH2 − CH3 Hex-2-yne

(iii)
(iv) HC ≡ C − CH(CH3 ) − CH2 − CH3
 3- Methylpent -1-yne
(v)

4- Methylpent -1-yne
(vi)

4- Methylpent -1-yne
(vii)

3,3-Dimethylbut-1-yne
86. (a) The acidity of acetylene or 1-alkyne can be explained on the basis of molecular orbital concept according to which
formation of C − H bond in acetylene involves 𝑠𝑝 hybridised carbon atom. Now since 𝑠 electrons are closer to the
nucleus than 𝑝 electrons, the electrons present in a bond having more 𝑠 character will be correspondingly more closer
to the nucleus.
Thus owing to high 𝑠 character of the C − H bond in alkynes (𝑠 = 50%), the electrons constituting this bond are
more strongly held by the carbon nucleus i.e., the acetylenic carbon atom or the 𝑠𝑝 orbital acts as more
electronegative species than the 𝑠𝑝2 and 𝑠𝑝3 with the result the hydrogen present on such a carbon atom (≡ C − H)
can be easily removed as a proton.
87. (a) Only terminal alkynes show acidic nature. Ethyne is more acidic than propyne. But-2-yne is not acidic as it does
not contain any hydrogen attached to 𝑠𝑝 hybridised carbon.
88. (a)

89. (c) Due to the maximum percentage of 𝑠 character (50%), the 𝑠𝑝 hybridised orbitals of carbon atoms in ethyne
molecules have highest electronegativity; hence, these attract the shared electron pair of the C − H bond of ethyne to a
greater extent than that of the 𝑠𝑝2 hybridised orbitals of carbon in ethene and the 𝑠𝑝3 hybridised orbital of carbon in
ethane. Thus in ethyne, hydrogen atoms can be liberated as protons more easily as compared to ethene and ethane.
90. (c)
91. (b)

92. (c)

93. (c) It is an addition reaction, so it does not show the acidic nature of ethyne.
high temp.
94. (d) 𝑛CH2 = CH2 → − (CH2 − CH2 ) −𝑛
pressure, catalyst
A linear polyethene polymer is formed when ethene polymerises.
95. (d)
96. (c) They have a relatively high percentage of carbon.
97. (c) Due to the steric repulsion between the two hydrogen atom this molecule can not achieve planarity, hence
compound is not aromatic.
98. (c) Benzene does not show addition reactions like other unsaturated hydrocarbons. However, it show substitution
reactions. Due to resonance all the C − C bonds have the same nature, which is possible because of the cyclic
delocalisation of 𝜋-electrons in benzene. Monosubstitution will give only a single product.
99. (d) Benzene can be obtained by all the compounds given.

100. (a) This is an example of decarboxylation reaction.

101. (a) Y = −COOH because it is meta directing group while −NH2 , −OH and −Cl are 𝑜 and 𝑝 directing groups.
102. (a)

103. (c) Cl exhibits −𝐼 effect and +𝑀 effect.

104. (b)
105. (d) The resonance and inductive effect of the existing group in benzene ring decides the next incoming group's
position.
106. (c)

107. (b)

108. (d)

109. (c)

110. (b) Planar compound have (4n + 2)𝜋e− are aromatic and planar compound have (4𝑛)𝜋e− are anti aromatic.
A, B aromatic, C, D is nonaromatic
⊕
111. (c) CH3 − C H − CH3 is formed in the above reaction

112. (b)
 In the process of generation of nitronium ion, sulphuric acid serves as an acid and nitric acid as a base.
113. (a) 𝜋-Electrons of benzene rings are delocalised throughout the molecule. This makes the molecule very stable.
The stability resists breaking of double bonds for addition.
114. (c) In arenes, 𝜋 electrons are delocalised, hence arenes do not undergo addition reactions easily. Aromatic
compounds (arenes) are highly stable and show resonance. eg. benzene is the simplest example.
115. (d) In benzene due to delocalisation of 𝜋 - electrons, all the C − C bond lengths are equal as each C − C bond has
some double bond character and thus the bond length is between single and double bond, i.e., between C2 H6 and C2 H4.

116. (a)

Benzene hexachloride (BHC)

117. (b) −Cl group is 𝑜−, 𝑝-directing due to +R effect; however it is deactivating due to strong −I effect of Cl (difference
from other 𝑜-, 𝑝-directing groups which are activating). The net result is that chlorobenzene undergoes 𝑜, 𝑝-
substitution, but with difficulty.
118. (b)
C6 H5 COOH + NaOH → C6 H5 COONa + H2 O
(X)
distill
C6 H5 OH + Zn → C6 H6 + ZnO
(Y)
119. (a) Huckel rule is not obeyed. It has only four electrons. Further it does not have continous conjugation.
120. (d) Rate of F.C.R. will be highest in (III) because both the ortho positions of benzene nucleus are connected with +
R group. Rate of F.C.R. will be least in (I) because both the ortho positions of benzene ring are substituted by −𝑅
groups.
121. (d) NO2 and SO3 H are meta directing groups so (a), (b) and (c) are wrong but isopropyl group is o/p directing
hence, (d) is correct.
122. (a) As it has least deactivated benzene nucleus.
123. (c) 3 < 2 < 1 < 4
(1) 12𝜎, 3𝜋 ⇒ 4
(2) 19𝜎, 5𝜋 ⇒ 19/5 = 3.8
(3) 26𝜎, 7𝜋 ⇒ 26/7 = 3.71
(4) 25𝜎, 6𝜋 ⇒ 25/6 = 4.166
124. (d) Polynuclear hydrocarbons are not produced in human body by any biochemical reaction However, when they
enter into human body, they undergo various biochemical reactions which finally damage DNA and cause cancer.

EXERCISE - 2
1. (d) We know that, as the number of carbon atom increases, boiling point increases while for the same alkane, boiling
point decreases with branching.
2. (a) Reactivity of halogens decreases with decrease in electronegativity which decreases down the group.
Hence the order of reactivity of alkanes with halogens is
F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 .
Also with I2 , the reaction is too slow that it requires a catalyst.
3. (b) The reactivity of halogens with alkanes follows the order: F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 . Further, the reactivity of reduction
of alkyl halides with Zn & dilute HCl increases as the strength of C − X(X = F, Cl, Br, I) bond decreases. Hence,
reduction of alkyl halide with Zn and dilute HCl follows the order :
R − I > R − Br > R − Cl
4. (a)
5. (a) 1-butene is an unsymmetrical alkene and will follow Markovnikov's rule to give major product.

6. (d) In option (d), a carbon with double bond has two same functional groups (CH3 ) attached to it. The rotation around
carbon will not produce a new compound. Hence, geometrical isomerism is not possible.
7. (c) Lesser the bond energy of hydrogen halide more will be its reactivity. Hence, the order of reactivity of given
compounds with propene will be HI > HBr > HCl.
8. (b) +I-effect decreases the stability of carbanion. Since, −CH3 group shows +I-effect, therefore, it intensifies the
negative charge and hence destabilises the carbanion (A) relative to (B).
Also, 𝑠𝑝 hybridised carbanion is more stabilised than 𝑠𝑝3 .
CH ≡ C > CH3 − C ≡ C − > CH3 − C̅H2
Hence, the order of decreasing stability will be: B > A > C
9. (d) Alkyl halides on heating with alcoholic KOH eliminates halogen from 𝛼-carbon atom and hydrogen is eliminated
from 𝛽-carbon atom to form an alkene.
More the number of 𝛽-substituents (alkyl groups) more stable alkene will be formed on 𝛽-elimination, more will be
the reactivity. Thus the correct order is A > C > B
10. (c) During incomplete combustion of alkanes with insufficient amount of air carbon black is formed which is used in
the manufacture of ink, printer ink, black pigments and as filters.
Incomplete
CH4 (𝑔) + O2 (𝑔) → C(𝑠) + 2H2 O(𝑙)
combustion
11. (a) Criteria for Huckel's rule:
• Planarity
• Complete delocalisation of 𝜋 electrons
• Presence of (4𝑛 + 2)𝜋 electrons in ring where 𝑛 is an integer (n = 0,1,2, … )
The compounds which follow Huckel's rule are option (i), (ii), (iv), (vii).
12. (d)

13. (c) The molecule is not conjugated, hence it is not an aromatic compound.
14. (d)
NaOH+CaO
CH3 CH2 COO− Na+ → CH3 CH3 + Na2 CO3
Heat

15. (b)

16. (b) Alkynes can be reduced to cis-alkenes with the use of Lindlar's catalyst.
17.

18. (c) Hydration of alkynes give ketones.

19. (c) There is no change in bond angles and bond lengths in the conformations of ethane.
20. (d) In staggered conformation any two hydrogen atoms on adjacent carbon atoms are as far apart as possible there by
minimising repulsion between the electron clouds of 𝜎 bonds of two non-bonded H-atomic (torsional strain)
NaNH2 + H3 C−CH2 −Br
(a) HC ≡ CH → HC ≡ C̅Na →
liq. NH3

H3 C−CH2 −Br
→ H3 C − CH2 − C ≡ C − CH2 − CH3
3-Hexyne ( 𝒀 )