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7 views

fractals-programming-python-d-69144

Uploaded by

shubham.sakarapu21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sample: Python - Fractals

Code Listing
#!python3
import tkinter

IMAGE_SIZE = 512 # fractal image size


HALF_SIZE = IMAGE_SIZE / 2

CONV_CRITERIA = 10e-3 # the convergence criteria


MAX_ITER = 20 # the maximum number of iterations
H = 10e-4 # delta z value used to compute the derivative of a function

# Colors for different function roots


colors = ((255, 0, 0), (0, 255, 0), (0, 0, 255),
(255, 255, 0), (255, 0, 255), (0, 255, 255))

# Converts image point coordinates to the complex plane coordinates


def convert_coords(x, y):
x = (x - HALF_SIZE) / HALF_SIZE
y = (y - HALF_SIZE) / HALF_SIZE
return complex(x, y)

# Finds a root of a complex function given a starting point $z,


# an error bound $err and an upper iteration limit $iterCount
def find_root(f, z, err, iterCount):
tmp = z + err + 1 # stores previous $z value
iteration = 0 # stores the number of iterations made

while (abs(tmp - z) > err) and (iteration < iterCount):


# Compute function value at $z point
fz = f(z)
# Compute the numerical derivative of the function at $z point
df_dz = (f(z + complex(H, H)) - fz) / complex(H, H)

# Check if $z point won't converge to any of the roots


if df_dz == 0:
return None

tmp = z # save the previous $z complex number value


z = z - fz / df_dz # perform an iteration
iteration += 1
return (z, iteration)

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# Returns the number of function root


# to which a given $z complex number converges
def get_root_number(z, roots):
minDistance = abs(z - roots[0])
rootNumber = 0

# Find a root which has the minimum distance to $z number


for k in range(1, len(roots)):
tmp = abs(z - roots[k])
if tmp < minDistance:
minDistance = tmp
rootNumber = k

return rootNumber

# Draws a Newton fractal of the specified complex function on a given image


def draw_fractal(fun, roots, image):
for x in range(IMAGE_SIZE):
for y in range(IMAGE_SIZE):
# Find the root using the coordinates of current pixel
# as the starting point for Newton's method
res = find_root(fun, convert_coords(x, y), CONV_CRITERIA, MAX_ITER)
if res == None:
continue # do not color the points that do not converge

# Get the root found and the number of iterations made


z, i = res
# Get the color of the exact root the found root converges to
rootColor = colors[get_root_number(z, roots)]

# Get color depth


depth = (MAX_ITER - i) / MAX_ITER
# Multiply the components of the exact root color by depth
RGB = tuple(int(depth * a) for a in rootColor)

# Set the color of the image pixel at (x, y)


image.put("#{0:02x}{1:02x}{2:02x}".format(*RGB), (x, y))

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# Configures the window to display a fractal in


# Returns an image to draw the fractal on
def configure_window(window, title):
window.title(title) # set window title

# Create a Canvas widget


canvas = tkinter.Canvas(window, width = IMAGE_SIZE, height = IMAGE_SIZE)
# Create a PhotoImage to draw fractal on
img = tkinter.PhotoImage(width = IMAGE_SIZE, height = IMAGE_SIZE)

canvas.create_image((HALF_SIZE, HALF_SIZE), image = img)


canvas.pack() # put canvas widget on the window
return img

# f(z) = z^3 - 1
def f1(z):
return z ** 3 - 1
# f1 complex function roots
f1_roots = (1 + 0j, -(1j ** (1/3)), 1j ** (2/3))

# f(z) = z^3 - 2z + 2
def f2(z):
return z ** 3 - 2 * z + 2
# f2 complex function roots
f2_roots = (-1.76929 + 0j, 0.88465 - 0.58974j, 0.88456 + 0.58974j)

# f(z) = z^5 - 1
def f3(z):
return z ** 5 - 1
# f3 complex function roots
f3_roots = (-1 + 0j, 1j ** (1/5), -(1j ** (2/5)), 1j ** (3/5), -(1j ** (4/5)))

def main():
# Create the toplevel window
window_1 = tkinter.Tk()
img_1 = configure_window(window_1, "f(z) = z^3 - 1")

draw_fractal(f1, f1_roots, img_1) # draw a fractal for f1


img_1.write("fractal_1.gif", "gif") # save the fractal to file

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# Create a window to display the second function fractal


window_2 = tkinter.Toplevel()
img_2 = configure_window(window_2, "f(z) = z^2 - 2z + 2")

draw_fractal(f2, f2_roots, img_2) # draw a fractal for f2


img_2.write("fractal_2.gif", "gif") # save the fractal to file

# Create a window for showing the third function fractal


window_3 = tkinter.Toplevel()
img_3 = configure_window(window_3, "f(z) = z^5 - 1")

draw_fractal(f3, f3_roots, img_3) # draw a fractal for f3


img_3.write("fractal_3.gif", "gif") # save the fractal to file

window_1.mainloop() # run the GUI application loop

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

f(z) = z3 - 1

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f(z) = z3 - 2z + 2

f(z) = z5 - 1

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