ifjf'k"V&02

mÙkjk[k.M lfEefyr jkT; voj v/khuLFk lsok ijh{kk

ijh{kk ;kstuk@ikB~;Øe
ijh{kk ;kstuk%& izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk esa Øeokj fuEufyf[kr Lrj lfEefyr gSa ;Fkk&
¼1½ izkjafHkd ijh{kk& dsoy ,d iz”u i= lkekU; v/;;u ,oa lkekU; cqf) ijh{k.k ¼oLrqfu’B izdkj dh½
¼2½ eq[; ijh{kk& fyf[kr ijh{kk ¼fo’k;ijd izdkj dh½A
¼3½ O;fäRo ijh{kk ¼lk{kkRdkj½A
1- izkjafHkd ijh{kk ¼oLrqfu’B izdkj½
vf/kdre le;
fo’k; iz”uksa dh la[;k
vad ¼?k.Vs½
lkekU; v/;;u ,oa lkekU; cqf)
150 02 150
ijh{k.k

uksV%&izkjfEHkd ijh{kk ds izkIrkad eq[; ijh{kk ds vadksa ds lkFk eSfjV fu/kkZj.k gsrq ugha tksMs+
tk;sxa sA

2- eq[; ijh{kk& fyf[kr ijh{kk ¼fo’k;ijd½

iz”u i= fo’k; vf/kdre vad le; ¼?k.Vs½ iz”uksa dh la[;k
izFke Hkk’kk
100 02 06
iz”u i= ¼lkekU; fgUnh½
f}rh;
fuca/k 100 02 02
iz”u i=
r`rh; lkekU;
200 03 20
iz”u&i= v/;;u&izFke
prqFkZ lkekU;
200 03 20
iz”u&i= v/;;u&f}rh;
dqy vad 600

uksV%& Hkk’kk ¼lkekU; fgUnh½ ds iz”u&i= esa U;wure 35 izfr”kr vad izkIr djuk vfuok;Z gSA

3- O;fäRo ijh{kk ¼lk{kkRdkj½ & 75 vadA

26
 Examination Scheme/Syllabus for Uttarakhand Combined
State Lower Subordinate Services Exam

Plan of Examination – There will be following tiers of the examinations –

(1) Preliminary Examination- Only one paper of General Study & General
Aptitude Test (Objective Type)
(2) Main Examination- Written Examination (Descriptive Type)
(3) Personality Test (Interview)

1. Preliminary Examination- (Objective Type)

Subject Maximum Time No. of

Marks (Hours) Questions
General Study & General Aptitude Test 150 02 150

Note : Marks obtained in Preliminary Examination shall not be added with the
marks obtained in Main written Examination for determining the merit.

2. Main Examination – Written Examination (Subjective Type)-

Paper Subject Maximum Time No. of

Marks (Hours) Questions
Paper- I Language (General Hindi) 100 02 06
Paper- II Essay 100 02 02
Paper –III General Study : First Paper 200 03 20
Paper- IV General Study : Second 200 03 20
Paper
Total 600

Note : It is essential to obtain minimum 35% marks in Language (General Hindi).

3. Personality Test (Interview) – 75

27
 mÙkjk[k.M lfEefyr jkT; voj v/khuLFk lsok ijh{kk
izkjfEHkd ijh{kk gsrq ikB~;Øe
lkekU; v/;;u ,oa lkekU; cqf) ijh{k.k ¼oLrqfu"B izdkj½

le;&2 ?kaVs vf/kdre vad&150

[k.M&1 % lkekU; v/;;u

vf/kdre vad&100 dqy iz'u&100

1 lkekU; foKku ,oa daI;wVj ls lacaf/kr vk/kkjHkwr tkudkjh % lkekU; foKku ,oa daI;wVj
lapkyu dh vk/kkjHkwr tkudkjh lEcU/kh iz”u foKku ,oa daI;wVj dh lkekU; le> ,oa nSfud
thou esa buds vuqiz;ksx] izs{k.k ,oa vuqHko ij vk/kkfjr gksx
a s] tks fd ,sls f'kf{kr O;fDr ls
visf{kr gaS ftldk foKku ;k daI;wVj dh fdlh Hkh “kk[kk esa fo”ks’k v/;;u u gksA
2 Hkkjr dk bfrgkl rFkk Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu % Hkkjr dk bfrgkl rFkk Hkkjrh; jk’Vªh;
vkUnksyu ds vUrxZr iz”u( izkphu] e/;dkyhu ,oa vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds jktuSfrd]
lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaLd`frd igyqvksa dh O;kid tkudkjh rFkk Hkkjr ds Lora=rk
vkUnksyu] jk’Vªokn ds fodkl ,oa Lora=rk izkfIr ij vk/kkfjr gksx
a sA
3 Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkk ,oa vFkZO;oLFkk %Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkk ,oa vFkZO;oLFkk ds vUrxZr
iz”u; Hkkjrh; jkT;O;oLFkk] lafo/kku] iapk;rh jkt vkSj lkeqnkf;d fodkl rFkk Hkkjrh;
vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa fu;kstu dh O;kid fo”ks’krkvksa dh le> ij vk/kkfjr gksx
a sA
4 Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy ,oa tukafddh % blds vUrxZr iz”u Hkkjr ds HkkSxksfyd ikjfLFkfrdh;
vkSj lkekftd&vkfFkZd tukafddh; i{kksa dh O;kid le> ij vk/kkfjr gksx a sA
5 le&lkef;d ?kVuk,a %blds vUrxZr iz'u lelkef;d mRrjk[k.M jkT;h; rFkk jk’Vªh;
,oa vUrjkZ’Vªh; egRo dh ?kVukvksa [ksydwn lfgr dh le> ij vk/kkfjr gksx a sA
6 mRrjk[k.M dk bfrgkl % mRrjk[k.M dh ,sfrgkfld i`’BHkwfe% izkphudky ¼vkjEHk ls 1200
bZ0 rd½% e/;dky ¼1200 ls 1815 bZ0 rd½% izHkko”kkyh jktoa”k ,oa mudh miyfC/k;k¡]
xksj[kk vkØe.k ,oa “kklu] fczfV”k “kklu] fVgjh fj;klr ,oa mldh “kklu O;oLFkk] Lora=rk
vkUnksyu esa mRrjk[k.M dh Hkwfedk vkSj blls lEcfU/kr izeq[k foHkwfr;k¡] izeq[k ,sfrgkfld
LFky ,oa Lekjd] mRrjk[k.M jkT; fuekZ.k vkUnksyu] mRrjk[k.M ds yksxksa dk jk’Vªh; ,oa
vUrjkZ’Vªh; {ks=ksa esa; fo”ks’k :i ls l”kL= cyksa esa ;ksxnku; fofHkUu lekt lq/kkj vkUnksyu
28
rFkk vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr] cPpks]a nfyrksa ,oa efgykvksa gsrq mRrjk[k.M “kklu
ds fofHkUu dY;k.kdkjh dk;ZØeA
7 mRrjk[k.M dh laLd`fr %tkfr;ka ,oa tutkfr;ka] /keZ ,oa yksd fo”okl] lkfgR;] yksd
lkfgR;] ijEijk,a ,oa jhfr&fjokt] os”k&Hkw’kk ,oa vkHkw’k.k] esys ,oa R;kSgkj] [kku&iku] dYkk
f”kYi ; u`R;] xk;u ,oa okn~; ;a=] izeq[k i;ZVu&LFky] egRoiw.kZ [ksydwn] izfr;ksfxrk,a ,oa
iqjLdkj]mRrjk[k.M ds izfl) ys[kd ,oa dfo rFkk mudk fgUnh&lkfgR;,oa yksd&lkfgR;
esa ;ksxnku] mRrjk[k.M “kklu }kjk laLd`fr ds fodkl gsrq mBk, x, dneA
8 mRrjk[k.M dk Hkwxksy ,oa tuakfddh% HkkSxksfyd fLFkfrA mRrjk[k.M fgeky; dh izeq[k
fo”ks’krk,aA mRRkjk[k.M esa ufn;ka] ioZr] tyok;q] ou lalk/ku ,oa ckxokuhA izeq[k Qlysa ,oa
Qly pdzA flapkbZ ds lk/kuAd`f’k tksrsaA izkd`frd ,ao ekuo tfur vkink;sa ,oa vkink
izcU/kuA ty ladV vkSj tykxe izcU/kuA nwjLFk {ks=ksa dh leL;k,saA i;kZoj.k ,oa i;kZoj.kh;
vkUnksyuA tSo fofo/krk ,oa bldk laj{k.kA mRrjk[k.M dh tula[;k% oxhZdj.k] /kUkRo]
fyaxkuqikr] lk{kjrk ,oa tula[;k iyk;uA
9 mRrjk[k.M dk vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd o iz'kklfud ifjos'kA
jktuhfrd ,oa iz'kklfud ifjos'k%&mRrjk[k.M esa xfBr ljdkjsa ,oa mudh uhfr;k¡] jkT; dh
fofHkUu izdkj dh lsok,a] izns”k dh jktuSfrd ,oa iz”kklfud O;oLFkk] iapk;rh&jkt]
lkeqnkf;d fodkl rFkk lgdkfjrkA
iz'kklfud O;oLFkk dh ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe&xksj[kk ,oa fczfV”k “kklu dky eaas Hkwfe lEcU/kh
O;oLFkk,¡& ftyk Hkwfe izcU/ku ¼Fkksdnkjh] ou iapk;rs]a flfoy ,oa lks;e ou ds”kj fgUn
¼csuki Hkwfe½ utwy] u;kckn cUnkscLr½A vk/kqfud dky&mRrj izns”k ,oa dqekÅ¡&mRrjk[k.M
tehankjh fouk”k ,oa Hkwfe O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e ykxw gksus ds ckn HkwfEk&lq/kkj] ySaM VSU;ksj esa
ifjoZru] yxku olwyh O;oLFkkA jkTkLo iqfyl&O;oLFkkA
vkfFkZd ifjos'k%& lhekUr tuinksa dk izkphu dky esa frCcr ls O;kikj ,oa O;kikj dh orZeku
fLFkfr] LFkkuh; d`f’k] i”kqikyu] d`f’k tksrksa dh vykHkdj fLFkfr o pdcanh dh vko”;drk]
csxkj rFkk MMokj izFkkA
10 vkfFkZd o izkd`frd lalk/ku%&ekuo lalk/ku]izns”k dh f”k{kk O;oLFkk ,oe~ izeq[k f”k{k.k
laLFkku; ou] ty] tMh&cwVh] d`f’k] i”kq/ku] ty&fo|qr] [kfut] i;ZVu] m|ksx ¼y?kq o
xzkeh.k½ lalk/kuksa ds mi;ksx dh fLFkfrA
mRrjk[k.M esa xjhch o csjkstxkjh] mUewyu o vkfFkZd fodkl dh fn”kk esa pykbZ tk jgh
fofHkUu ;kstuk,¡@vkfFkZd fdz;k;sa ,oa budk jkT; th0 Mh0 ih0 esa ;ksxnku] mRrjk[k.M esa
29
fodkl dh izkFkfedrk;sa o fu;kstu dh uohu j.kuhfr rFkk leL;k,¡A mRrjk[k.M esa foi.ku
dh lqfo/kk,a rFkk d`f’k efUM;ka] mRrjk[k.M ds ctV dh izeq[k fo”ks’krk,¡A

[k.M&2 % lkekU; cqf) ijh{k.k

vf/kdre vad&50 dqy iz'u&50

1 lkekU; cqf)erk % blds vUrxZr iz”u lkekU; cqf)erk ls lacaf/kr tSls “kkfCnd vkSj
xSj&”kkfCnd nksuksa izdkj ds iz”u gksx
a s vkSj blesa lkn`”;ksa] lekurkvksa rFkk varjks]a LFkkfud
dYiuk] leL;k] lek/kku] fo”ys’k.k] fu.kZ; ysuk] n`”; Le`fr] foHksn] voyksdu] laca/k
vo/kkj.kk] vadxf.krh; rdZ] “kkfCnd ,oa fp=kRed oxhZdj.k] vadxf.krh; la[;k J`a[kyk
vkfn lfEefyr gksx
a sA blesa vH;FkhZ dh ;ksX;rk dk lkekU; fopkj vkSj ladsr vkSj muds
laca/k] vadxf.krh; x.kuk rFkk vU; fo”ys’k.kkRed dk;Z vkfn ds iz”u Hkh “kkfey gksx
a sA

30
 Combined Lower Subordinate Services Exam

Syllabus for Preliminary Examination

General Studies and General Aptitude Test (Objective Type)

Time : 2 Hours Maximum Marks : 150

Part -1 : General Studies

Maximum Marks-100 Total Questions-100

1 General Science and Knowledge of Computer Operation:Questions on

General Science and Computer operation will cover general understating and
application of science and Computers including matters of day to day observation
and experience as may be expected from an educated person who has not made a
special study of any scientific or computer discipline.
2 History of India and Indian National Movement:Questions on history of
India and Indian National Movement will be based on broad understanding of
ancient, mediaeval and modern India’s political, social, economic, and cultural
aspects and India’s Freedom movement, growth of nationalism and attainment of
Independence.
3 Indian polity and Economy:Questions on Indian polity and economy will be
based on Indian polity, Constitution, Panchayati raj and Community development,
broad features of Indian economy and planning.
4 Geography and Demography of India:Questions will be based on a broad
understanding of geographical, ecological and socio-economic aspects and
demography of India.
5 Current Events:Questions will be based on important UttarakhandState, National
and International current events including games.
6 History of Uttarakand: Historical background of Uttarakhand: Ancient period
(from earliest to 1200 AD) ; Mediaeval period (from 1200 to 1815 AD): Important
dynasties and their achievements; Gorkha invasion and administration, British rule,
Tehri State and its administration, role of Uttarakhand in the Freedom Movement
of India and related eminent personalities, historical sites and monuments;
movements for the formation of Uttarakhand, contribution of people of
Uttarakhand in National and International fields, especially in Armed forces;
31
 different social reform movements, and different welfare programmes of
Uttarakhand for SC, ST, children, minorities and women.
7 Culture of Uttarakand: Castes and tribes, religious and folk beliefs, literature and
folk literature, traditions and customs, costumes and ornaments; Fairs and
Festiveals, food habits, art and Crafts, dances, songs, musical instruments, major
tourist places, important sports, tournaments and awards, famous authors and poets
of Uttarakhand and their contribution in the field of Hindi literature and folk
literature, State steps taken by Uttarakhand for the development of culture.
8 Geography and Demography of Uttarakhand : Geographical Setup. Salient
features of Uttarakhand Himalaya. Rivers and streams, mountains, climate, forest
resources and horticulture. Major crops and crop rotation. Means of irrigation.
Agricultural holdings. Natural and man-made calamities and Disaster management.
Water crises and watershed management. Problems of remote areas. Environment
and environmental movements. Biodiversity and its preservation. Population of
Uttarakhand: Classification, density, sex ratio, literacy and out-migration.
9 Economic, Political and Administrative Background of Uttarakhand :
Political and Administrative Background- Elected governments in Uttarakhand
and their policies, different services in the State, the political and administrative
systems, Panchayti raj,Community development and Co-operatives.

The historical background of the adminstrative system in Uttarakhand- Land

management system under Gorkhas rule and British rule, district land management
(Thokdari, van panchayat, civil and soyam forest, Kesar-i-hind(benap land)Nazul,
nayabad settlements) Modern period Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand-Kumaun land
reforms, changes in land tenures and collection of land revenue after the
enforcement of Zamidari Abolition Act, revenue police system.

Economic background – Indo-Tibetan trade from border districts, the present

position, local agriculture and animal husbandry, the uneconomic condition of land
holdings and need for consoldation of holdings, Begar and Dadwar systems.

10 Economic and natural resoures : Human resources, Education system of the State
and important educational institutes; forest, water, herbs, agriculture, animals,
hydro electricity, minerals, tourism, industries (Small and Village), the position of
utiliszation of resources.
Various schemes being implemented in Uttrarakhand for the eradication of poverty
and unemployment and for economic development. Economic activities and their
contribution in the State GDP. The priorities of development in Uttarakhand and
new strategies of planning and its problems. Marketing facilities in Uttarakhand and
agriculture mandis. The salient features of the budget of UttarakhandState.

32
 Part -2 : General Aptitude Test

Maximum Marks-50 Total Questions-50

1 General Intelligence : The questions on general intelligence will cover, both,

verbal and non verbal types, including questions on analogies, similarities,
differences, space visualization, problem solving, analysis, judgement, decision
making, visual memory, discrimination, observation, relationship concepts,
arithmetical reasoning, verbal and figure classification and arithmetical number
series. The test will also include questions designed to test the candidate’s abilitiy
to deal with abstract ideas, symbols and their relationships, arithmetical
computations and other analytical functions.

33
 lkekU; fgUnh
vf/kdre 100 vad le;kof/k & 2 ?kaVs
1& o.kZ ,oa 'kCn
Loj ,oa O;atu o.kZ] lfU/k ,oa Hksn] lekl ,oa Hksn] milxZ ,oa izR;;] O;kdjf.kd
dksfV;k¡&¼laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] fØ;k] fØ;k fo'ks"k.k rFkk vO;;½ vad%&10

2& 'kCn jpuk vkSj vFkZ

Ik;kZ;okph 'kCn] foykse vFkok foijhrkFkZd 'kCn] 'kCn&;qXe] ¼leksPpfjrizk; fHkUukFkZd
'kCn½ okD; ;k okD;ka'k ds fy, ,d 'kCn] rRle] rn~Hko] ns'kt] fons'kh] :<+] ;kSfxd
rFkk ;ksx:<+ 'kCn vad%&15

3&okD; jpuk
okD; dh ifjHkk’kk] okD; ds eq[; vo;o] okD; vkSj miokD;] okD; ds Hksn ¼vFkZ ,ao
jpukxr½ okD;karj.k] 'kCn ,oa okD; 'kqf)dj.k] yksdksfDr;k¡ ,oa eqgkojs ¼vFkZ ,oa iz;ksx½
vad%&10

4&vifBr ;k ikBoks/ku
vifBr x|ka'k ij vk/kkfjr Hkk"kkcks/k ,oa O;kdj.k fo"k;d ik¡p iz'u
vad%&5×3=15
5& la{ksi.k
'kh"kZd] lkjka'k ,oa js[kkafdr va'k dh O;k[;k
'kh"kZd&3 vad
lkjka'k&6 vad
js[kkafdr dh O;k[;k&6 vad
vad%&15
6&fgUnh vkys[ku
¼d½ ljdkjh i=] v/kZljdkjh i=] ifji=] vuqLekjd ¼Lej.k i=½ dk;kZy;&vkns'k]
dk;kZy;&Kkiu] vf/klwpuk] fjiksVZ ;k izfrfonsuA
vad%&15

¼[k½ vaxzsth&x|ka'k dk fgUnh vuqokn

fgUnh&x|ka'k dk vaxzsth vuqokn
vad%&10+10= 20

34
 fuca/k
vf/kdre vad% 100 le;% 2 ?kaVs

bl iz”ui= esa nks [k.M ^v^ vkSj ^c^ gksx

a sA çR;sd [k.M lss fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d
fo"k; ij yxHkx 700 'kCnksa dk fuca/k fy[kuk gksxk %

[k.M&v
1- lkfgR; ,oa laLd`frA
2- lkekftd] jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd fo’k;A
3- jk"Vªh;@varjkZ"Vªh; fo"k;A
4- jk"Vªh; fodkl] foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh ls lacaf/kr uhfr;k¡A
5- i;kZoj.k ,oa çk—frd vkink ¼Hkw&L[kyu] tyçy;] lw[kk ,oa Hkwdai vkfn½

[k.M&c
1- mÙkjk[kaM dk ,sfrgkfld] dykRed ,oa lkaL—frd ifj–';A
2- mÙkjk[kaM dh lkekftd ,oa lkaL—frd lajpukA
3- mÙkjk[kaM esa i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ,oa vkink çca/kuA
4- mÙkjk[kaM essa efgykvksa dh vkfFkZd ,oa jktuSfrd Hkwfedk RkFkk efgyk l'kfädj.kA
5- mÙkjk[kaM dk vkfFkZd ,oa HkkSxksfyd ifj–'; ,oa i;ZVuA mÙkjk[kaM esa iyk;u dh
leL;kA

35
 lkekU; v/;;u&izFke iz”u&i=
vf/kdre 200 vad le;kof/k & 03 ?kaVs
Hkkjr dk bfrgkl] dyk] laLd`fr ,oa lekt
fofHkUu dyk vk;ke] izkphu ls vk/kqfud Hkkjr rd& muds egRoiw.kZ rRoA lkfgR;]
fp=dyk] laxhrA

HkfDr vkUnksyu] lwQh er dk Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ij izHkkoA izeq[k O;fDrRoA

lkekftd&/kkfeZd vkUnksyu rFkk mudk Hkkjrh; tu rFkk tuthou ij izHkkoA
Hkkjrh; LFkkiR; dyk & izeq[k Hkou] mudh fo”ks’krk,aA
izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl&egRoiw.kZ 'kkld rFkk mudk ;ksxnkuA

e/;dkyhu Hkkjr&egRoiw.kZ 'kkld] mudh uhfr;k¡] rFkk vk/kqfud Hkkjr esa laØe.k
¼eqfLye 'kklu ds iru ds fofHkUu dkj.k] mFky&iqFky dh fLFkfr rFkk vk/kqfud Hkkjr
esa laØe.k½A
vk/kqfud Hkkjr
• Hkkjr esa fons'kh 'kfDr;ksa ds e/; lRrk la?k"kZ] vaxzstksa dk Hkkjr esa mn;] mudh uhfr;k¡
rFkk mldk Hkkjr rFkk Hkkjrokfl;ksa ij izHkko] izeq[k vaxzst 'kkldA
• vaxzstksa dh vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dk izHkkoA
• /ku dh fudklh ¼Hkkjr ls½A
• jsy rFkk vU; lapkj ek/;eksa dh LFkkiuk] D;k bu lsokvkas us fczfV'k vkfFkZd fgrksa dks
lk/kkA
• f'k{kk dh izxfr] Hkkjrh; f'k{kk uhfr ds izfr vaxsth n`f"Vdks.kA
• vQxkfuLrku] cekZ] frCcr ds izfr vaxzsth uhfrA Hkkjr rFkk fo'o ij bldk izHkkoA
• ns'kh Hkkjrh; 'kkldkssa ds lkFk fczfV'k lEcU/kA
• lgk;d lfU/k] O;ixr dk fl}kUr tSlh uhfr;k¡] vaxsztksa ds mns”; rFkk ckn ds
izHkkoA
LorU=rk vkUnksyu
• Hkkjr esa iquZtkxj.k rFkk bldk jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu ij izHkkoA
• egkRek xka/kh dk jk"Vªh; iVy ij inkZi.kA
• jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu ds fofHkUu vk;ke&vlg;ksx vkUnksyu ls dsfcusV fe'ku rdA
• Hkkjr ds fofHkUu Hkkxks ls vke turk dh HkkxhnjhA

36
 • d`"kd rFkk tutkrh; vkUnksyu ftUgksua s jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu dks xfr nhA
• izeq[k O;fDrRo ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu dks vk/kkj iznku fd;k] mudh fopkj/kkjkA
• foHkktu& ifjfLFkfr;ka rFkk dkj.kA
LorU=rk Ik'pkr Hkkjr ds le{k pqukSfr;k¡
• vkfFkZd pqukSfr;k¡A
• lkekftd rFkk lkaLd`frd izksRlkguksa ls Hkkjr dk fuekZ.kA
• iap&o"khZ; ;kstuk dk ykxw gksuk rFkk dkYkkUrj esa uhfr vk;ksx dh LFkkiukA

mRrjk[k.M dk bfrgkl] dyk] laLd`fr ,oa lekt

mÙkjk[k.M dk bfrgkl % izkxSfrgkfld rFkk vk|&,sfrgkfld i`’BHkwfe ¼ik’kk.k dkyhu

midj.k] fpf=r /kwlj e`n~HkkaM laLd`fr] egkik’kf.kd laLd`fr½] mR[kfur iqjkrkfRod LFky]
mRrjk[k.M ds lkaLd`frd vrhr ds bfrgkl ds L=ksr¼lkfgfR;d] iqjkrkfRod] ekSf[kd]½
izkphu tutkfr;ka rFkk leqnk;] dqf.kUn rFkk ;kS/ks; jktoa”k] dR;wjh] ijekj rFkk pan
jktoa”k dk iz”kklu rFkk lkaLd`frd miyfC/k;ka] mRrjk[k.M ds “kkldksa dk flD[kks]a fnYyh
ds “kkldka]s usiky rFkk fljekSj ds lkFk e/;dky esa lac/a k] xksj[kksa dk vkØe.k rFkk izHkko]
iz”kklu rFkk nkl O;kikjA ;wjksih; ;kf=;ks]a losZ{kdksa rFkk bZlkbZ /keZ izpkjdksa dk vkxeu]
lSU; Nkofu;ksa dh LFkkiuk rFkk lkekftd izHkko] vkSifuosf”kd Hkw rFkk Hkw&jktLo iz”kklu]
okfudh rFkk vkcdkjh uhfrA {ks=h; jktuhfrd laLFkk,a] izsl rFkk i=dkfjrkA vk;Z lekt
rFkk “kq)hdj.k vkUnksyu] yksdfiz; tu&izfrjks/k&dqyh&csxkj] Mksyk&ikydh] xkMh&lMd]
ou vkUnksyuA mRrjk[k.M esa xka/kh dk vkxeu¼1915] 1929bZ0½ rFkk tulaidZA xka/khoknh
vkUnksyuksa dh LFkkuh; rFkk yksdfiz; lgHkkfxrkA bafM;u us”kuy vkehZ¼vkbZ0,u0,0½ rFkk
bldk leFkZu vk/kkj] fVgjh fj;klr% iz”kklu] <a<d] iztkeaMy vkUnksyu rFkk Hkkjrh;
la?k esa foy;] mRrjk[k.M esa i`Fkd jkT; fuekZ.k gsrq la?k’kZA
/kkfeZd thou rFkk iaFk ¼”kSo er] oS’.ko] ckS)] tSu] ukFk] ydqyh”k½] eafnj LFkkiR;& izdkj
rFkk fo”ks’krk,a] ik’kk.k dyk] /kkrq dyk] dk’B dyk] ijaijkxr Kku i)fr rFkk LFkkiR;]
fp=.k dyk] laxhr] u`R; rFkk xhrA tyh;] LFkkiR;&dwi] ukSyk] [kky rFkk ?kjkVA yksd
nsork] tkxj] ikaMo yhykA os”k&Hkw’kk rFkk vkHkw’k.k] esys rFkk R;kSgkj] rhFkZLFky rFkk i;ZVd
dsUnz& dqEHk esyk] pkj&/kke ;k=k] gsedqaM lkfgc] ukudeRrk] dSykl ekuljksoj] fijku
dfy;j] uank jkttkr ;k=k] yksd&ok|] [kku&iku rFkk LFkkuh; O;atu] mRrjk[k.M dh
egku foHkwfr;ka¼vk/;kfRed lar] Lora=rk lsukuh] ys[kd rFkk dykdkj½] x<okyh rFkk
daqekÅ¡uh Hkk’kk] lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr ds laj{k.k ,oa lao/kZu gsrq ljdkj ds iz;klA

37
 Hkkjrh; lafo/kku vkSj jktO;oLFkk ,oa ç'kklfud O;oLFkk
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk fodkl% bfrgkl vkSj lafo/kku lHkk cgl; eq[; fo'ks"krk,as; çLrkouk
vkSj cqfu;knh lajpuk; la'kks/ku çfØ;k,¡ vkSj la'kks/ku vf/kfu;eA
vf/kdkj vkSj drZO;% ukxfjdrk; ekSfyd vf/kdkj; jkT; uhfr ds funsZ'kd fl)kar; ekSfyd
vf/kdkjksa vkSj jkT; uhfr ds funsZ'kd fl)karksa ds chp lac/a k; vkSj ekSfyd drZO;A
la?k vkSj jkT; dk;Zikfydk% jk"Vªifr; ç/kkuea=h vkSj eaf=ifj"kn&'kfä;k¡ vkSj dk;Z;
jkT;iky; eq[;ea=h vkSj eaf=ifj"kn&'kfä;k¡ vkSj dk;ZA
la?k vkSj jkT; fo/kkueaMy% Hkkjrh; laln&'kfä;k¡ vkSj dk;Z; jkT; fo/kkueaMy&'kfä;k¡
vkSj dk;ZA
Hkkjrh; U;k;ikfydk% loksZPp U;k;ky;&lajpuk] 'kfä;k¡ vkSj dk;Z; mPp
U;k;ky;&lajpuk] 'kfä;k¡ vkSj dk;Z; U;kf;d leh{kk; vkSj U;kf;d lfØ;rkA
Hkkjr esa pquko vkSj jktuhfrd ny% jk"Vªh; vkSj jkT; ny; Hkkjr dk pquko vk;ksx;
pqukoh dkuwu; vkn'kZ vkpkj lafgrk; vkSj nycny fojks/kh dkuwu; vkSj pqukoh lq/kkj
mik;A
Hkkjrh; la?kh; lajpuk% dsaæ&jkT; lac/a k& fo/kk;h] foÙkh; vkSj ç'kklfud; iapk;rh jkt
vkSj uxjikfydk laLFkk,¡A
laoS/kkfud fudk; vkSj ç'kklfud fu;a=.k ra= % laoS/kkfud inkf/kdkjh; ç'kklu ij
laoS/kkfud] fo/kk;h vkSj U;kf;d fu;a=.kA
ç'kklfud ç.kkyh vkSj ç'kklfud lq/kkj% uhfr vk;ksx; fofHkUu vf/kdj.k;bZ&xousZal;
yksdiky; lwpuk dk vf/kdkj ¼vkj Vh vkbZ½; f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj ¼vkj Vh bZ½; lkoZtfud
lsokvksa dk vf/kdkj; ukxfjd pkVZj; ea=ky; vkSj foHkkxksa dh Hkwfedk; ç'kklfud lq/kkj
vk;ksx ¼, vkj lh½ dh flQkfj'ksAa
jk"Vªh; ,dhdj.k vkSj pqukSfr;k¡% mxzokn; vkarfjd lqj{kk; varj&jkTkdh; fooknA

mÙkjk[kaM dh jktuhfrd ,oa ç'kklfud O;oLFkk

mÙkjk[kaM dh jktuhfrd vkSj ç'kklfud O;oLFkk% lajpuk vkSj çfØ;k,¡A
mÙkjk[kaM esa fo/kku lHkk% 'kfä;k¡ vkSj dk;ZA
38
mÙkjk[kaM esa U;k;ikfydk% mPp U;k;ky; vkSj fupyh vnkyr ds U;k;k/kh'kksa dh
fu;qfä&,oa 'kfä;k¡ vkSj dk;Z; yksd vnkyr; mÙkjk[k.M yksd lsok vf/kdj.k; yksdk;qä;
vkSj U;kf;d gLr{ksiA
mÙkjk[kaM esa jktuhfrd ny% pquko] usr`Ro] nycny fojks/kh dkuwu] jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh
vkSj tokcnsghA
mÙkjk[kaM esa LFkkuh; Lo'kklu% iapk;rh jkt laLFkk,¡ ¼ih vkj vkbZ½ vkSj 'kgjh LFkkuh;
fudk;; jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx dh HkwfedkA
mÙkjk[kaM esa lkekftd eqís vkSj ledkyhu leL;k,¡% jktuhfrd vkSj usr`Ro ds eqn~n(s
Hkz"Vkpkj dh leL;k( ukxfjd lekt vkSj ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk( 'kjkc fojks/kh vkanksyu]
mÙkjk[kaM esa vYila[;dks]a efgykvksa vkSj detksj oxksZa dh leL;k,¡( tyok;q ifjorZu(
fctyh ifj;kstukvksa ls >hy vkSj ckny QVus dk [krjk( voS/k [kuu( ekuo&i'kq la?k"kZ(
ekuo rLdjh ,oa eknd inkFkZ lsou nks’kA
mÙkjk[kaM esa ç'kklfud lsok,a vkSj fu;a=.k% mÙkjk[kaM lsok dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 2011(
lkekftd vads{k.k( ukxfjd pkVZj( lrdZrk vf/k"Bku mÙkjk[kaMA
mÙkjk[kaM esa lkekftd ;kstuk {ks=% efgyk ,oa cky( LokLF; vkSj dY;k.k( f'k{kk vkSj
dkS”ky( O;olk; vkSj m|ferk( —f"k] xzkeh.k vkSj i;kZoj.k( cSafdax] foÙkh; lsok,a vkSj chek(
vkokl vkSj vkJ;( dkS'ky vkSj jkstxkj( [ksydwn ,oa laL—frA
mÙkjk[kaM esa jk"Vªh; cqfu;knh lsok ;kstuk,a% jk"Vªh; LokLF; fe'ku( mÙkjk[kaM v{k; ÅtkZ
fodkl ,tsl a h ¼;w-js-Mk½( mÙkjk[kaM jkT; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku( egkRek xka/kh jk"Vªh;
xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk( ohj paæ flag x<+okyh i;ZVu Lojkstxkj ;kstuk( jk’Vªh;
m|ferk Roj.k ifj;kstuk¼vkj-bZ-,-ih-½( mÙkjk[kaM dkS'ky fodkl fe'ku] 2013 ¼;wds ,l
Mh ,e½( nhu n;ky mik/;k; x`g vkokl ¼gkse LVs½ ;kstukA
lkekftd lekos'ku ds fy, ljdkj dh igy% mÙkjk[kaM yksd lsok ¼vkfFkZd :i ls
detksj oxksZa ds fy, vkj{k.k½ vf/kfu;e] 2019( mÙkjk[kaM yksd lsok ¼efgykvksa ds fy,
{kSfrt vkj{k.k½ vf/kfu;e] 2022( jkT; vkanksyudkfj;ksa vkSj muds vkfJrksa ds fy,
ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa esa 10 çfr'kr vkj{k.k( vkSj gkf'k;s ij iM+s vkSj vU; lkekftd@vkfFkZd
:i ls detksj oxksZa ls lacfa /kr vf/kfu;e( jkT; leku ukxfjd lafgrkA

lkekU; foKku] izkS|ksfxdh ,oa i;kZoj.k

lkekU; foKku] izkS|ksfxdh ,oa i;kZoj.k ds vUrxZr foKku] izkS|ksfxdh ,oa i;kZoj.k dh
le> ,oa vuqiz;ksx ftlesa nSfud&thou ds izs{k.k ,oa vuqHko ij ,sls iz”u gksx
a s] ftudh
fdlh Hkh ,sls f”kf{kr O;fDr ls vis{kk dh tk ldrh gS] ftlus foKku] izkS|ksfxdh ,oa
i;kZoj.k dh fdlh Hkh fo”ks’k “kk[kk dk fo”ks’k v/;;u u fd;k gksA
39
fo”oO;kih i;kZoj.kh; eqn~ns ¼tSls ok;q&iznw’k.k] ok;qeaMyh;&iznw’k.k ,oa ty&izn’w k.k½ ,oa
bu ij fu;a=.k gsrq lek/kku] xzhu&gkÅl izHkko ,oa fo”oO;kih m’.krk] lerki&eaMy esa
vkstksu vo{k;] taxyksa dk fuEuhdj.k] ouksUewyu ,oa dkcZu vo”kks’k.kA
tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds fl)kar] euq’; ds LokLF; ,oa [kk|&mRiknu ds {ks= esa thou&Lrj
ds lq/kkj ds fy, tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksxA
laØe.k okyh thou&'kSyh vkSj bldh jksdFkke] euq’; ds fodkl gsrq iks’k.k laca/kh
vko”;drk,a] i”kqvks]a if{k;ksa vkSj ikS/kksa esa gksus okyh fcekfj;k¡ vkSj mudh jksdFkkeA
i‚fyej ¼ck;ksi‚fyej vkSj ck;ks IykfLVd½ vkSj lek/kku] ekSfyd i;kZoj.k jlk;u foKku]
e`nk çnw"k.k vkSj mudk mipkj] thou dh mRifÙk] tSfod fodkl ,oa jklk;fud
fo"k&foKku] gfjr jlk;u ds fl)kar vkSj muds mRikn] vkuqoaf'kd fodkjA
cy] ÅtkZ] izdk”k] fo|qr] pqEcdRo] v)Zpkyd] ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ] [kXkksy HkkSfrdh ,oa nSfud
thou esa buds vuqiz;ksxA
daI;wVj ds ewyHkwr rRo] blds ?kVd vkSj nSfud thou esa blds vuqç;ksx] lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh
ds ewyHkwr rRo] blds vuqç;ksx vkSj bldk nSfud thou ij çHkko] oMZ çkslfs lax] LçsM'khV
vkSj çstsaVs'ku l‚¶Vos;j ds mi;ksx] baVjusV vkSj bZesy ds mi;ksx] lkbcj vijk/k vkSj
lkbcj dkuwu ds ewyHkwr rRo] bZ&xousZal ds ewyHkwr rRo ,oa blds vuqç;ksx] mRRkjk[k.M
esa bZ&xousZal ls lacaf/kr igywA

ekuoh; ewY;] dk;Z laLd`fr ,oa flfoy lsok vfHk:fp

ekuoh; ewY; % izd`fr] izdkj] egRo ,oa fo”ks’krk,s]a ewY; fodflr djus esa ifjokj]
lekt vkSj f”k{kk dh HkwfedkA
dk;Z laLd`fr % vo/kkj.kk] dk;Z laLd`fr ds n`f’Vdks.k] izHkkoh fu’iknu ds fy, dk;Z
laLd`fr] iz”kklu esa dk;Z laLd`fr dh HkwfedkA
vfHko`fRRk % vo/kkj.kk] lajpuk] dk;Z ,oa bldh “kklu esa mi;ksfxrkA

vfHk:fp % vFkZ] lkoZtfud lsokvksa esa vfHk:fp ,oa cqfu;knh ewY;ksa dh Hkwfedk&lR;fu’Bk]
fu’i{krk] oLrqfu’Vrk] lekuHkwfr vkSj leiZ.k
laox
s kRed cqf) % vo/kkj.kk] iz”kklu vkSj “kklu esa bldk vuqiz;ksxA
yksd@flfoy lsok,a % yksd iz”kklu esa ewY; vkSj uSfrdrk&ljdkjh vkSj futh laLFkkuksa
esa fpark, vkSj nqfo/kk,¡] lkoZtfud laxBuksa esa uSfrd eqn~nsA
“kklu esa bZekunkjh % vFkZ] fo”ks’krk,¡] “kklu esa uSfrdrk ,oa uSfrd ewY;ksa dh dehA ljdkj
esa lwpuk dk vknku &iznku vkSj ikjnf”kZrkA

40
Hkkjrh; uSfrd fopkjdksa ,oa nk”kZfudksa dk ;ksxnku % egkRek xk¡/kh] ch0vkj0 vEcsM+dj]
Lokeh foosdkuUn] jfcUnz ukFk VSxksj] ,0ih0ts0 vCnqy dykeA

mi;qZDr fo’k;ksa ij ekeyk laca/kh v/;;u ¼dsl LVMh½

41
 lkekU; v/;;u& f}rh; iz”u&i=
vf/kdre 200 vad le;kof/k & 03 ?kaVs
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh ewy fo'ks"krk,a] jk"Vªh; vk; ,oa izfr O;fDr vk;&vFkZ ,oa :>ku]
{ks=h; la?kVu ,oa lajpukRed ifjorZu] la/kkj.kh; fodkl dh leL;k,a] ekuo fodkl
lwpdkad] lekos'kh o`f)% eqnns rFkk uhfrxr igy] efgykvksa dk vkfFkZd l”kfDrdj.kA

Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fu;kstu% mnns';] j.kuhfr] miyfC/;k¡ ,oa lhek,a] uhfr vk;ksx dk
vkSfpR;] mnns'; ,oa dk;Z] {ks=h; vlekurk] fu/kZurk] vkfFkZd vlekurk] eqnzkLQhfr ,oa
csjkstxkjh% vFkZ] dkj.k] izHkko ,oa uhfrxr igyA

d`f’k mRiknu] mRikndrk ,oa dherksa dk #>ku] O;kolkf;drk ,oa fofo/khdj.k] lkaLFkkfud
o izkS|ksfxdh; ifjorZu] d`f"k ewY;] uhfr] xzkeh.k lk[k % eqnns] izxfr ,oa uhfrxr igy]
[kk| lqj{kk% vFkZ] eqnns] izxfr] uhfrxr igy d`f"k lfClMh&eqnns] leL;ka,] izHkko ,oa
uhfrxr igy] Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd mRiknu%% #>ku] la;kstu] vkS|ksfxd uhfr rFkk vkfFkZd
izxfr ij bldk izHkko] MSME dh Hkwfedk] fofu;ksx % pqukSfr;ka ,oa uhfrA

Hkkjr esa dj lajpuk] oLrq ,oa lsok dj ¼th,lVh½ vo/kkj.kk] fo”ks’krk,a] izxfr ,oa lhek,a]
jktdks’kh; la?kokn] jktdks’kh; uhfr rFkk lq/kkj] orZeku dsUnzh; ctV dh eq[; fo”ks’krk,a]
dkyk/ku& vFkZ] eqn~ns] eki] uhfrxr igy] Hkkjr ds fons”kh O;kikj dh fn'kk] #>kku rFkk
la;kstu( Hkkjr ds fons'kh O;kikj esa uhfrxr lq/kkj] Hkkjr dk Hkqxrku larqyu] izn”kZu rFkk
uhfr;k¡] Hkkjr rFkk vkfFkZd vUrjkZ"Vªh; laLFkk,a] laxBu ,oa lewg] lkoZtfud+ _.k&eqnns
o izcU/ku] Hkkjr ds foRrh; {ks= esas lq/kkj] fMftVy Hkqxrku% eqnns] iz.kkyh] izHkko] uhfrxr
igy] foRrh; lekos'ku] Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dh ekSfnzd uhfrA

Hkkjr dh fo’kn tukafddh; fo'ks"krk,a] iyk;u ,oa vkfFkZd fodkl] uxjhdj.k ls tqM+s
fo"k;] Hkkjr esa v/k%lajpuk {ks=% izxfr ds pkyd] ,oa uhfrxr igyA

mRrjk[k.M dh vFkZO;oLFkk
mRrjk[k.M dh vFkZO;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krka,] jkT; ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ,oa izfr O;fDr vk;]
lajpukRed ifjoZru] izkd`frd ,oa ekuo lalk/ku] tuLka[;k ,oa tukafddh] ou lEink]
ÅtkZ] d`f"k ,oa Ik'kq lEinkA ty lalk/ku o ÅtkZ fodkl] izkd`frd vkink,a] tMh+&cwVh
rFkk [kfutA

42
O;kikj] okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx% vUrjkZT;h; O;kikj] fofuekZ.k] Hkkjh] ea>ksys] y?kq rFkk dqVhj
m|ksxksa dk fodklA ifjogu% lM+da]s jsyos] foekuiRru ;kstuk,a ,oa pqukSfr;k¡A

lkoZtfud foRr% ctV] jktdks"kh; uhfr ,oa lq/kkj] dj ,oa djk/kku] lkoZtfud vk; ,oa
foRrh; ?kkVk] lkoZtfud O;; ,oa _.kA

ekuo fodkl% ekuo fodkl lwpdkad] f'k{kk O;oLFkk ,oa lk{kjrk] fu/kZurk ,oa fu/kZurk
mUewyu dk;ZØe] csjkstxkjh ,oa jkstxkj ;kstuk,a@dk;ZØe] LokLF; ,oa LoPNrk] ias'ku
,oa chek] lekt dY;k.k ,oa ljdkjh ;kstuk,a] foLFkkiu rFkk iyk;u] efgykvksa dk
vkfFkZd l'kfDrdj.kA

d`f"k ,oa xzkE; fodkl% eq[; Qlys]a Qy mRiknu] Ik'kqikyu] d`f"k tksr ,oa Hkwlq/kkj] d`"kd
dY;k.k] iapk;rhjkt] lkeqnkf;d fodkl rFkk lgdkjh vkanksyu] izkS|ksfxdh ifjoZru] d`f"k
foi.ku] U;wure leFkZu ewY;] ,oa xzkE; fodkl ;kstuk,aA

cSafdx ,oa foRRk% ledkyhu ifjn`';] cSafdx dk fodkl] cSafdax dk jkT; thMhih esa
;ksxnku] lekos'kh foRRk] xzkeh.k lk[k% pqukSfr;k¡ ,oa uhfr;k¡A

Ik;ZVu ,oa rhFkkZVu% Ik;ZVu o rhFkkZVu dk vkfFkZd fodkl esa ;ksxnku] /kkfeZd Ik;ZVu dk
vkfFkZd egRo] Ik;ZVu fodkl dh ;kstuk,aA

Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy ,oa tukafddh

blds vUrxZr iz'u Hkkjr ds HkkSxksfyd ,oa tukafddh; i{kksa dh O;kid le> ij vk/kkfjr
gksx
a sA fuEufyf[kr 'khZ"kdksa ij iz'u iwNs tk;saxs %&

• Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd fo'ks"krk,aA

• HkkSfedh; ra= ,oa lajpukA
• mPpkop] viokg ,oa ufn;ksa dks vkil esa tkssM+ukA
• tyok;qfod xq.k& ,y&fuuks] yk&fuuk] nf{k.kh nksyu] if'peh fo{kksHk] tyok;q
ifjorZu ds ifj.kkeA
• e`nk {kj.k ,oa ouksUewyuA
• ou] ou mRikn] oU; tho vH;kj.;] jk"Vªh; m|ku] tSo fofo/krk gkV&LikVA
• Ik;kZoj.kh; leL;k,a ,oa ikfjfLFkfrd eqn~nAs
• Hkkjr dh vUrZjk"Vªh; lhek,a ,oa mlls lacfa /kr Hkw&jktuSfrd eqn~nAs
• Hkkjrh; d`f"k dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a] d`f"k vk/kkfjr fØ;k&dyki] Hkwfe lq/kkj] catj Hkwfe
dh leL;k,a ,oa mudk iquxZzg.kA
• [knku ,oa [kfut] ÅtkZ lalk/ku] ÅtkZ ladV] ÅtkZ fodYi dh [kkstA
43
• Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd fodklA
• izeq[k ifjogu xfy;kjs] ukxfjd mM~M;u ,oa ty ifjogu dh leL;k,a vkSj
lEHkkouk,aA
• Hkkkjr ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa izknsf'kd vlekurk,aA
• Hkkjr esa izkd`frd vkink,a ,oa izkd`frd pje ?kVuk,aA
• HkkSfrd ,oa tukafddh; fo'ks"krkvksa ds vk/kkj ij {ks=h; psruk ,oa jk"Vªh; ,drk]
dsanz&jkT; laca/k dk HkkSxkSfyd vk/kkjA
• Hkkjr esa tula[;k o`f) ,oa forj.k] tukafddh; xq.k] fuHkZjrk vuqikr] izoklu ¼var%
izknsf'kd] izns'kkarj ,oa vUrZjk"Vªh;½A

mRRkjk[k.M dk Hkwxksy] tukafddh ,oa vkink izc/a ku

• HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr ,oa mRRkjk[k.M dk Hkw&jktuSfrd egRoA
• mRRkjk[k.M fgeky; dh mRifRRk] mRRkjk[k.M fgeky; ds HkkSfrd foHkkx vkSj fofHkUUk
HkkSfrd foHkkxksa esa ekuo clko ds fy;s mRRkjnk;h dkjdA
• izeq[k ufn;k¡ ,oa mudk HkkSxksfyd] vkfFkZd] lkaLd`frd i;kZoj.kh; vkSj /kkfeZd egRoA
• izeq[k ioZr ,oa mudk HkkSxksfyd] vkfFkZd] lkaLd`frd] Ik;kZoj.kh;] vkSj /kkfeZd egRoA
• tyok;q ,oa tyok;q fofo/krk ds dkj.k ,oa izHkkoA
• ou&lalk/ku ,oa ou&izdkjksa dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] ou fofo/krk ,oa HkkSfrd
cukoV] Å¡pkbZ dfVcU/k ,oa tyok;q n”kk,sa] ou lalk/ku ,oa vkfFkZd fodkl]
ou&lalk/kuksa dk laj{k.kA
• m|kfudh fodkl ,oa mRRkjnk;h HkkSxksfyd dkjd rFkk tyok;qfod fofo/krk] m|kfudh
dh pqukSfr;k¡A
• izeq[k Qlysa ,oa Qly fofo/krk ds fy;s mRRkjnk;h HkkSxksfyd dkjd vkSj tyok;qfod
ifjorZu”khyrk] Qly pØ ds dkj.k ,oa izHkkoA
• flapkbZ ds lk/ku ,oa muds fodkl dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] flapkbZ dh izeq[k
ifj;kstuk,a] flapkbZ ;kstuk,a] y?kq flapkbZA
• d`f’k tksr ds izdkj ,oa dkj.kA
• izkd`frd ,oa ekuo&tfur vkink,a vkSj vkink izcU/ku izdkj] dkj.k vkSj mudk ekuo
thou ij izHkko] izkd`frd ,oa ekuo&tfur vkinkvksa esa vkink&izcU/ku dh Hkwfedk
izkd`frd ,oa ekuotfur vkinkvksa dk ekuo thou vkSj Ik;kZoj.k ij izHkko] vkink
ds izHkko ds U;wuhdj.k ds fy, mRRkjk[k.M ljdkj ds iz;klA

44
• tyladV ,oa tykxe izcU/ku&tyladV ds fy;s mRRkjnk;h dkjd] tyladV dk
ekuo thou ij izHkko] tyladV ds U;wuhdj.k gsrq tykxe izcU/ku dh Hkwfedk]
tykxe izcU/ku dk egRo] tykxe izcU/ku dh pqukSfr;k¡A
• nwjLFk {ks=ksa dh leL;kvksa ds izdkj ,oa dkj.k& Ik;kZoj.kh; pqukSfr;k¡] vkfFkZd pqukSfr;k¡]
LokLF; lEcE/kh pqukSfr;k¡ vkSj vk/kkjHkwr lsokvksa rd igq¡p] nwjLFk {ks=ksa dh leL;kvksa
dks nwj djus ds fy;s mRRkjk[k.M ljdkj ds iz;klA
• Ik;kZoj.k ,oa Ik;kZoj.kh; vkUnksyu % izeq[k Ik;kZoj.kh; vkUnksyu] dkj.k ,oa mRRkjk[k.M
ds fodkl esa izHkko] fpidks vkUnksyu] jkT; ds fy;s la?k’kZA
• tSo fofo/krk ,oa bldk laj{k.k&tSofofo/krk ds izdkj] mRRkjk[k.M dh tSo fofo/krk
dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] mRRkjk[k.M fgeky; ,d tSo&fofo/krk gkWV&LikWV ds
:Ik es]a tSofofo/krk dk egRo] tSofofo/krk ds [krjs@tSofofo/krk dh pqukSfr;k¡]
mRRkjk[k.M esa tSofofo/krk ds laj{k.k ds fy;s izeq[k igyA
• mRRkjk[k.M dh tula[;k& forj.k esa fofo/krk] ?kuRo] fyax vuqikr ,oa lk{kjrk dh
fofo/krk ,oa bldks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdA tula[;k izokl ,oa blds dkj.k rFkk
ckg~;&izokl dk izHkkoA

lkaf[;dh; fo”ys’k.k] vkys[k ,oa js[kkfp=A

dsUnzh; izo`fRRk dh ekiks]a izlj.k dh ekiksa] vkys[kksa ,oa fp=ksa }kjk vk¡dM+ksa dk lkaf[;dh;
fo”ys’k.k rFkk muls lEcfU/kr vo/kkj.kkvksa ds vuqiz;ksxA

lelkekf;d ?kVukØeA
vUrjZjk’Vªh; ,oa jk’Vªh; egRo dh lelkekf;d ?kVuk,a [ksy&dwn ds lkFk tks fuEufyf[kr
ls lEcfU/kr gksa %
¼1½ oSf”od
¼2½ ,f”k;k
¼3½ Hkkjr
¼4½ mRRkjk[k.M

45
 Essay

Maximum marks: 100 Time: 2 Hours

In this paper there will be two section ‘A’ and ‘B’. From each section, an essay of
around 700 words will have to be written on any one of the following subjects:

Section-A

1. Literature and Culture.

2. Social, Political and Economic topic.

3. National/International related topic.

4. Policies related to National development, Science and Technology.

5. Environmental and Natural Disaster

(Land Slide, Deluge, Drought and Earthquakes etc.)

Section-B

1. Historical, Artistic and Cultural Scenario of Uttarakhand.

2. Social and Cultural structure of Uttarakhand.

3.Environmental protection and Disaster management in Uttarakhand.

4. Role of women in Economy and Polity of Uttarakhand and Women

Empowerment.

5. Economic and Geographical scenario of Uttarakhand and its Tourism.

Migration problem of Uttarakhand.

46
 General Studies – First Paper

Maximum Marks : 200 Time : 3 Hrs

HISTORY, ART, CULTURE AND SOCIETY OF INDIA

Various Art forms, from Ancient to Modern period- their important elements.
Literature, Painting, Music.
Bhakti Movement, Sufism, its impact on Indian culture. Main personalities.
Social-religious Movements and their impact on people and their life.

Indian Architecture – Main monuments, their chief characteristics.

Ancient Indian history-important rulers and their contribution.

Medieval India-Important rulers, their policies, and transition to modern India

(various reasons for the decline of Muslim rule, situation of turmoil and transition
to modern India)

Modern India-
• Power struggle between foreign powers in India, rise of the British in India, their
policies and its impact on India and the Indians, major British rulers.
• Impact of British economic policies.
• Drain of Wealth (From India)
• Establishment of railways and other means of communication, did these
services serve British economic interests.
• Progress of education, English approach towards Indian education policy.
• British policy towards Afghanistan, Burma, Tibet. Its impact on India and the
world.
• British relations with native Indian rulers.
• Policies like Subsidiary Alliance, Doctrine of Lapse, Objectives of the British
and their later effects.
-Freedom movement
• Renaissance in India and its impact on the national movement.
• Mahatma Gandhi's debut on the national stage.
• Various dimensions of the national movement – from Non-cooperation
movement to Cabinet mission.
• Participation of Masses from different parts of India.
• Farmers and tribal movements which gave impetus to the national movement.
47
• The ideology of the prominent personalities who provided the base to the
national movement.
• Partition- Condition and Causes.
-Challenges before India after Independence
• Economic challenges.
• Building the nation through social and cultural initiative.
• Implementation of Five-year plan and later establishment of NITI Aayog.

History, Arts, Culture and Society of Uttarakhand

History of Uttarakhand : Pre historic and Proto- historic background ( stone age
tools, The Painted Grey Ware culture, Megalithic cultures), Excavated
Archaeological sites, Sources for the history of Cultural Pasts of Utttarkhand
(Literary, Archaeological, Oral), Ancient Tribals and Communities, Kunindas
and Yaudheyas dynasty, Administration and Cultural contributions of Katyuri,
Parmar and Chand dynasty. Relations of the rulers of Uttarakhand with Sikhs,
Rulers of Delhi, Nepal and Sirmor in Medieval times, Invasion of Gorkhas and
its impact, Administration and Slave trade, Advent of European travelers,
surveyors and missionaries, Establishment of Army Cantonments and its social
impact, Colonial land and land revenue administration, Forestry, Excise Policy,
Regional Political Organizations, Press and Journalism, Arya Samaj and
Shuddhikaran movement, Popular People’s protest- Coolie Begar, Dola-Palki,
Gadi-Sadak, Forest Agitations, Arrival of Gandhi in Uttarakhand (1915, 1929)
and Mass mobilization, Local responses to the Gandhian movements and
popular participation, Indian National Army and its support base, Tehri Riyasat;
Administration, Dhandhak, Prajamandal movement and merger into Indian
Union, Struggles for the formation of separate state in Uttarakhand.

Religious life and Cults (Shaivism, Vaishanvism, Buddhism, Jainism, Nath

Cult, Lakulish), Temple Architecture- Types and Features, Rock Art, Metallic
Art, Wooden Art, Tradtional Knowledge System and architecture, Paintings,
Music, Dance and Songs, Hydraulic Architecture- Kup, Naula, Khal, Gharat,
Folk deity, Jagar, Pandav Lila, Dress, Costumes and Ornaments, Fairs and
Festivals, Pilgrimage and Tourist spots-Hemkund Sahib, Nanak Matta, Kailash
Mansarovar, Piran Kaliyar, Kumbh Fair, Char Dham Yatra, Nanda Raj Jat
Yatra, Folk musical instruments, Food habits and local cuisines, Important
personalities of Uttarakhand (Spiritual Saints, Freedom fighters, Authors,
Artists), Garhwali and Kumauni language and literature, Government measures
of conservation of Language and Culture.
48
 INDIAN CONSTITUTION, POLITICAL SYSTEM AND
ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

Evolution of Indian Constitution: History and Constituent Assembly

Debates; Salient features; Preamble and Basic Structures; Amendment
Procedures and Amendment Acts.

Rights and Duties: Citizenship; Fundamental Rights; Directive Principles of

State Policy; Relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive
Principles of State Policy; and Fundamental Duties.

Union and State Executive: President; Prime Minister and Council of

Ministers- Power and Functions; Governor; Chief Minister and Council of
Ministers- Power and Functions.

Union and State Legislatures: Indian Parliament-Powers and Functions;

State Legislatures-Powers and Functions.

Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court-Composition, Powers and Functions; High

Courts- Composition, Powers and Functions; Judicial Review; and Judicial
Activism.

Elections and Political Parties in India: National and State Parties; Election
Commission of India; Electoral laws; Model Code of Conduct; Anti-
Defection Laws; and Electoral Reform Measures.

Indian Federal Structure: Central-State Relations- Legislative, Financial

and Administrative; Panchayati Raj and Municipal Institutions.

Constitutional Bodies and Administrative Control Mechanisms:

Constitutional Functionaries; Constitutional, Legislative and Judicial Control
over Administration.

Administrative System and Administrative Reforms: NITI Aayog;

Different Tribunals; E-Governance; Lokpal; Right to Information (RTI);
Right to Education (RTE); Right to Public Services; Citizen Charters; Role of
Ministries and Departments; Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC)
Recommendations.

National Integration and Challenges: Insurgency; Internal Security; Inter-

State Disputes.

49
 POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OF
UTTARAKHAND
Political and Administrative System of Uttarakhand: Structure and
Processes.
Legislative Assembly in Uttarakhand: Powers and Functions.
Judiciary in Uttarakhand: Appointment of High Court and Lower Court
Judges; Powers and Functions; Lok Adalat; Lokayukta; Uttarakhand Public
Services Tribunal and Judicial Interventions.
Political Parties in Uttarakhand: Elections, Leadership, Anti-Defection Law,
Political Participation and Accountability.
Local Self-Government in Uttarakhand: Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)
and Urban Local Bodies; Role of State Election Commission.
Social Issues and Contemporary Problems in Uttarakhand: Political and
Leadership Issues; Problem of Corruption; Role of Civil Society & Media; Anti-
Alcohol Movement, Problems of Minorities’; Women and Weaker Sections in
Uttarakhand; Climate Change; Power Projects and threat of Lake and Cloud
Burst; Illegal Mining; Human-Animal Conflict; Human Trafficking and Drug
Abuse Menace.
Administrative Services and Control in Uttarakhand: The Uttarakhand Right
to Service Act, 2011; Social Audit; Citizen Charter; Vigilance Establishment
Uttarakhand.
Social Schemes/Programmes in Uttarakhand: Women and Child; Health and
Wellness; Education and Learning; Business and Entrepreneurship; Agriculture,
Rural and Environment; Banking, Financial Services and Insurance; Housing
and Shelter; Skills and Employment; Sports and Culture.
National Basic Services Schemes/Programmes in Uttarakhand: National
Health Mission; Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency
(UREDA); Uttarakhand State Rural Livelihoods Mission; Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme; Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali
Paryatan Swarozgar Yojana; Rural Enterprise Acceleration Project (REAP);
Uttarakhand Skill Development Mission, 2013 (UKSDM); Deen Dayal
Upadhyay Grah Aawas (Home Stay) Scheme.

Government Initiatives for Social Inclusion: The Uttarakhand Public Services

(Reservation for Economically Weaker Sections) Act, 2019; The Uttarakhand
Public Services (Horizontal Reservation for Women) Act, 2022; 10%
Reservation in government jobs for statehood activists and their dependents and
Acts related to marginalized and other socially/economically weaker sections;
State Uniform Civil Code.

50
 General Science, Technology and Environment
Questions on General Science, Technology and Environment shall be such
that they shall cover general understanding and application of Science,
Technology and Environment including matters of day-to-day observation
and experience, as may be expected from an educated person who has not
made a special study of any particular branch of science, technology and
environment.

Worldwide environmental issues (like air pollution, atmospheric pollution and

water pollution) and solutions for control on them, green house effect and global
warming, ozone depletion in stratosphere, forest degradation, deforestation and
carbon absorption.

Principles of biotechnology, Use of biotechnology for improvement of living

standards in the field of human health and food production.

Infectious life style of human beings and its prevention. Nutritional

requirements for human growth, Diseases of animals, birds and plants and their
prevention.

Polymers (biopolymers and bio plastics) and solution. Fundamental

environmental chemistry, Soil pollution and their treatment. Origin of life,
Biological evolution and chemical toxicology, Principles of green chemistry
and their products, Genetic disorder.

General idea of Force, Energy, Light, Electricity, Magnetism, Semiconductor,

Nuclear Energy, Astrophysics and their uses in daily life.

Basics of computers, it’s components and it’s applications in daily life. Basics
of information technology, it’s applications and it’s impact on daily life. Uses
of word-processing, spreadsheet and presentation software. Uses of internet and
email, Cyber crime and basics of cyber laws, Basics of e-Governance and it’s
applications, e-Governance related aspects in Uttarakhand.

51
 Human Values, Work Culture and Civil Service Aptitude
Human Values: Nature and Types, Importance and Characteristics
Role of Family, Society and Education in inculcating Human Values.

Work Culture: Concept, Approaches to Work Culture; Work Culture for

Effective Performance, Role of Work Culture in Administration.

Attitude: Concept, Structure and Functions and its Application in Governance.

Aptitude: Meaning, Role of Aptitude and Foundational Values in Public

Services- Integrity, Impartiality, Objectivity, Empathy and Dedication.

Emotional Intelligence: Concept and Application in Administration and

Governance.

Public/Civil services: Values and Ethics in Public Administration Concerns

and Dilemmas in Government and Private Institutions, Ethical Issues in Public
Organisations.

Probity in Governance: Meaning, Features, Deficit in Ethical and Moral Values

in Governance. Information Sharing and Transparency in Government.

Contribution of Indian Moral Thinkers and Philosophers: Mahatma Gandhi,

B.R. Ambedkar, Swami Vivekanand, Rabindra Nath Tagore, and APJ Abdul
Kalam.

Case Studies on Above Topics.

52
 General Studies – Second Paper
Maximum Marks : 200 Time : 3 Hrs

INDIAN ECONOMY
Basic Features of Indian economy, National income and per capita income:
Meaning & trends, Sectoral composition and structural changes, Problems
of sustainable development. Human Development index. Inclusive growth:
issues and policy initiatives, Economic empowerment of women.

Economic Planning in India: Objectives, strategy, achievements &

limitations, Rational, objectives and functions of NITI Aayog. Regional
imbalances, Poverty, Economic Inequality, Inflation and unemployment:
Meaning, causes, effects & Policy initiatives.

Trends of agricultural production, productivity and prices,

commercialization and diversification, Institutional and technological
Changes, Agricultural Price Policy, Rural credit: Issues, Progress & Policy
initiatives, Food security: Meaning, Issues, Progress & Policy initiatives,
Farm subsidy: Issues, Problems, effects & Policy Initiatives, Industrial
Production in India: Trends & composition, Industrial Policy and its effects
on growth, Role of MSMEs, Disinvestment: Challenges and Policy.

Tax Structure in India, Goods and Service Tax (GST) : Concept, features,
progress & limitation, Fiscal federalism, Fiscal Policy and reforms, Main
features of Current Union Budget, Black economy : Meaning, Issues,
Estimates & Policy initiatives, Trend, Direction and composition of India’s
foreign trade, Reforms in India’s external sector, India’s BOP Performance
and Policy, India and Economic International institutions, organizations and
groups, Public Debt : Issues & Management, Financial sector reforms in
India, Digital Payments: Issues, Methods, Effects & Policy initiatives,
Inclusive finance, Monetary Policy of RBI.

Broad demographic features of India, Migration and economic development,

Issues related to urbanization, Infrastructure sector in India: Growth drivers
and Policy initiatives.

53
 ECONOMY OF UTTARAKHAND

Features of Uttarakhand Economy, State GDP and Per Capita Income,

Structural Changes, Natural and Human Resources, Population and
Demography, Forest, Energy, Agriculture and Animal wealth. Water
Resources and Energy Development, Natural Disasters, Herbs and Minerals.

Trade, Commerce and Industry: Inter-state trade, Manufacturing, Heavy,

Medium, Small Scale and Cottage Industries development. Transport –
Roads, Railways, Airports: Programmes and Challenges.

Public Finance: Budget, Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Reforms, Taxes and
Taxation, Public Income and Financial Deficit, Public Expenditure and Debt.

Human Development: Human Development Index, Literacy and Education

System, Poverty and Poverty Alleviation Programmes, Unemployment and
Employment Schemes/Programs, Health and Sanitation, Pension and
Insurance, Social Welfare and Government Schemes, Displacenment and
Migration, Economic Empowerment of Women.

Agriculture and Rural Development: Major Crops, Fruit Production, Animal

Husbandry, Agricultural Holdings and Land Reforms, Farmer Welfare,
Panchayati Raj, Community Development and Cooperative Movement,
Technological Changes, Agricultural Marketing, Minimum Support Price,
Rural Development Schemes.

Banking and Finance: Present Scenario, Development of Banking and Its

Contribution to State GDP, Inclusive Finance, Rural Credit – Challenges and
Policy.

Tourism and Pilgrimage: Contribution of Tourism and Pilgrimage in

Economic Development, Eonomic Importance of Religious Tourism,
Tourism Development Programmes and Plans.

54
 Geography of India and Demography
It will include question on broad understanding of Indian Geography and
Demography. Questions will be asked on the following topics:
• Physical features of India.
• Geological System and Structure.
• Relief, Drainage and Interlinking of Rivers.
• Climate phenomena: El-Nino, La-Nina, Southern Oscillation, Western
Disturbances, Consequences of Climate Change.
• Soils degradation and Deforestation.
• Forest, Forest products, Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Biodiversity
Hot-Spot.
• Environmental problems and Ecological Issues in India.
• International boundaries of India and related Geopolitical Issues.
• Salient features of Indian Agriculture, Agro-based activates, Land Reforms,
Problems of Wasteland and their reclamation.
• Mines and Minerals, Energy resources, Energy crisis and search for
alternatives.
• Industrial development in India.
• Major Transport Corridors, Problems and prospects of Civil Aviation and
Water Transport.
• Regional disparities in Economic Development of India.
• Natural Hazards and Disasters in India.
• Regional consciousness and Nation integration of India on the basis of
Physical and Demographic characteristics, Geographical basis of Center-
State relations.
• Distribution and growth of population in India, Demographic
characteristics, Dependency Ratio, Migration (Interregional, Interstate and
International).

GEOGRAPHY OF UTTARAKHAND, DEMOGRAPHY AND

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Geographical set up and geo-political significance of Uttarakhand.
• Origin of Uttarakhand Himalaya, physiographic divisions of Uttarakhand
and geographical conditions responsible for the inhabitation in different
physiographic divisions.
• Major rivers, their origin and significance-geographical, economic,
cultural, environmental and religious.

55
• Major mountains and their significance- geographical, economic, cultural,
environmental and religious.
• Climate including causes and effects of climatic diversity.
• Forest resources and the factors affecting different forest types, forest
diversity and physiography; altitudinal zones and climatic conditions, forest
resources and economic development, conservation of forest resources.
• Development of horticulture and responsible geographical factors and
climatic variability, Challenges to horticulture.
• Major crops and geographical factors and climatic conditions responsible
for crop diversity. Causes and effects of crop rotation.
• Means of irrigation and geographical factors affecting their development.
Major projects of irrigation, irrigation schemes, Minor Irrigation.
• Agricultural holdings - types and their causes.
• Natural and man-made calamities and disaster management- types, causes
and their impact on human life. Role of disaster management in natural and
man-made calamities, Impact of natural and man-made calamities on
human life and environment. Efforts of Uttarakhand Government to
mitigate the impact of disasters.
• Water crisis and watershed management - factors responsible for water
crisis, impact of water crisis on human life. Role of watershed management
in mitigating water crisis, significance of watershed management,
challenges to watershed management.
• Problems of remote areas : types and causes - environmental challenges,
economic challenges, health challenges and access to basic services.
Efforts of Uttarakhand Government to overcome the problems of remote
areas.
• Environment and Environmental Movements-major environmental
movements, their causes and impact upon the development of Uttarakhand,
Chipko Movement, Struggle for statehood.
• Biodiversity and its preservation - types of biodiversity, factors affecting
biodiversity of Uttarakhand, Uttarakhand Himalaya as a Biodiversity Hot-
Spot of Himalaya, relevance of biodiversity, threats to
biodiversity/challenges to biodiversity, Major initiatives for conservation
efforts in Uttarakhand.
• Population of Uttarakhand - diversity in distribution, density, sex-ratio,
literacy and factors affecting them. Migration and its causes and impact of
out-migration.

56
 Statistical analysis, graph and diagram
Statistical analysis of data through measures of central tendency, measures
of dispersion, graphs and diagrams along with corresponding concepts of
their application.

Current events
Current events of international and national importance alongwith games
and sports related to the following:

(1) Global
(2) Asia
(3) India
(4) Uttarakhand

57