*GRAPHS USING MATPLOTLIB*

#there are two parameters for specifying points in the diagram i.e. x-axis and y-axis.
#here in the diagram the line appears bcz it is the by default function.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #now the pyplot package can be refered as plt

*VERTICAL BAR CHART*

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Data for the bar chart
categories = ['Category 1', 'Category 2', 'Category 3', 'Category 4']
values = [25, 40, 15, 30]

# Create the bar chart

plt.bar(categories, values, color='lightblue')

# Add labels and title

plt.xlabel('Categories')#plt.xlabel is used to add a label to the x-axis of a plot
plt.ylabel('Values')#plt.ylabel is used to add a label to the y-axis of a plot
plt.title('Example Vertical Bar Chart')#plt.title is used to provide the title of the bar chart

# Display the chart

plt.show()#plt.show is used to display the created plot

*BAR CHART*

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

subjects=['Hindi','English','Maths','Sanskrit']
marks=[42,45,35,25]
plt.bar(subjects,marks,color='lightblue',width=0.5,edgecolor='black')#plt.bar is used to create bar plots.
#width is used for determining the width of the bars.
#edgecolor is used for give the outline of the edges
#color is used to provide the color of the bars
plt.xlabel('marks')#plt.xlabel is used to add a label to the x-axis of a plot
#plt.ylabel is used to add a label to the y-axis of a plot
#plt.title is used to provide the title of the bar chart
plt.ylabel('subjects')
plt.title('marks of the students')
plt.show()
*HORIZONTAL BAR CHART*

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Fruits=['Apples','Bananas','Litchi','Mango','Pineapple']
Sales=[350,450,300,500,200]
plt.barh(Fruits,Sales,color='white',height=0.5,edgecolor='black')#plt.barh is used to make a horizontal bar plot.
plt.xlabel('Fruits')#plt.xlabel is used to add a label to the x-axis of a plot
#plt.ylabel is used to add a label to the y-axis of a plot
#plt.title is used to provide the title of the bar chart
plt.ylabel('Sales')
plt.title('Sales of the Fruits')
plt.show()

*MULTIPLE BAR CHART*

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

w=0.2 #it is used to provide the width of the bars.
fig=plt.subplots(figsize=(10,6))#plt.subplots is used to easily plot multiple graphs in a single figure.
#figsize provides the size of the figures
IT=[12,30,10,8,22]
CSE=[25,35,45,50,55]
ECE=[10,12,15,20,30]
import numpy as np
br1=np.arange(len(IT))#np.arange is used to create arrays with evenly spaced values within a given interval.
#len() returns the number of items in an object.
br2=[x+w for x in br1]
br3=[x+w for x in br2]
plt.bar(br1,IT,width=w,color='lightblue')#plt.bar is used to create bars.
plt.bar(br2,CSE,width=w,color='yellow')
plt.bar(br3,ECE,width=w,color='lightgreen')
plt.xticks([r+w for r in range(len(IT))],['2015','2016','2017','2018','2019'])#plt.xticks is used to get or set the x
plt.show()

*PIE CHART USING FIGSIZE,SHADOW,WEDGEPROPS,AUTOPCT,TEXTPROPS AND EXPLODE*

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np
gender=['Males','Females']
data=[75,25]
fig=plt.figure(figsize=(4,4))
plt.pie(data,labels=gender,colors=['pink','lightblue'],shadow=True,wedgeprops={'linewidth':1,'edgecolor':'black'},aut
explode=(0.2,0.4),textprops={'fontfamily':'serif','fontsize':12})
#plt.pie is used to create pie charts.
#shadow is used to create a fancy pie chart ready for presentations.
#wedgeprops is used to customize the appearance of each wedge (or slice) within the chart.
#autopct allows us to display the percent value using string formatting
#tells us about the wedges i.e. those lines which define the other lines
#what should be the format for what values should be written inside the chart-autopct, we took 1.1 bcz we want only 1
#explode is used to make parts of a pie chart stand out without changing the underlying data.
#textprops is used for defining the chracteristics of text.
plt.show()

#MORE EXAMPLES
Cars=['Audi','BMW','Ford','Tesla','Jaguar','Mercedes']
Sold=[23,17,35,29,12,41]
fig=plt.figure(figsize=(4,4))
plt.pie(Sold,labels=Cars,colors=['lightblue','pink','white','yellow','lightgreen','orange'],wedgeprops={'linewidth'
explode=(0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1),textprops={'fontfamily':'serif','fontsize':12})
plt.show()
*SCATTER PLOTS*

x=[2,3,4,5,6]
y=[4,6,8,10,12]
y2=[-2,-3,-4,-5,-6]
plt.scatter(x,y,color='orange',marker="*",label='data1')#plt.scatter is used to create scatter plots.
plt.scatter(x,y2,color='blue',marker="o",label='data2')
plt.legend()#plt.legend gives meaning to a visualization, assign meaning to the various plot elements.
plt.xlabel("x")#plt.xlabel is used to add a label to the x-axis of a plot
plt.ylabel("y")#plt.ylabel is used to add a label to the y-axis of a plot
plt.title("Numbers")#plt.title is used to add a title to the charts/plots
plt.show()#plt.show is used to display the created charts/plots

*GRAPH OF SIN X*

x=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,100)#linspace() allows you to specify the total number of points you want in the array
y=np.sin(x)#np.sin(x) helps to find sine value of the angle in degree and radian
plt.plot(x,y,label='sinx',color='red')#plt.plot is used for creating line plots
plt.xlabel('x')#plt.xlabel is used to add a label to the x-axis of the plot
plt.ylabel('y')#plt.ylabel is used to add a label to the y-axis of the plot
plt.title('graph of sinx')#plt.title is used to give the title of the plot
plt.legend ()#plt.legend gives meaning to a visualization, assign meaning to the various plot elements
plt.show()#plt.show is used t display the created plots/charts
*GRAPH OF COS X*

x=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,100)#linspace() allows you to specify the total number of points you want in the array
y=np.cos(x)#np.cos(x) helps to compute the cosine of an angle x given in radians.
plt.plot(x,y,label='cosx',color='blue')#plt.plot is used for creating line plots
#label is used for labelling the graph.
#plt.xlabel is used to add a label to the x-axis of the plot
#plt.ylabel is used to add a label to the y-axis of the plot
#plt.title is used to give the title of the plot
#plt.legend gives meaning to a visualization, assign meaning to the various plot elements
#plt.show is used t display the created plots/charts
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('graph of cosx')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

*GRAPH OF X*X

x=np.linspace(0,20,100)#linspace() allows you to specify the total number of points you want in the array
y=x*x
plt.plot(x,y,label='x*x',color='green')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('graph of x*x')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
#plt.plot is used for creating line plots
#label is used for labelling the graph.
#plt.xlabel is used to add a label to the x-axis of the plot
#plt.ylabel is used to add a label to the y-axis of the plot
#plt.title is used to give the title of the plot
#plt.legend gives meaning to a visualization, assign meaning to the various plot elements
#plt.show is used t display the created plots/charts

*GRAPH OF TAN X*

x=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,100)#linspace() allows you to specify the total number of points you want in the array
y=np.tan(x)#np.tan(x) helps user to calculate trigonometric tangent for all x(being the array elements)
plt.plot(x,y,label='tanx',color='orange')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('graph of tanx')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
#plt.plot is used for creating line plots
#label is used for labelling the graph.
#plt.xlabel is used to add a label to the x-axis of the plot
#plt.ylabel is used to add a label to the y-axis of the plot
#plt.title is used to give the title of the plot
#plt.legend gives meaning to a visualization, assign meaning to the various plot elements
#plt.show is used t display the created plots/charts

*VERTICAL BOX PLOT*

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sample data
data = [7, 15, 13, 18, 21, 15, 12, 16, 14, 19]
# Create figure and axis for box plot
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))#provides the size of the figure
# Create box plot with customizations
box = plt.boxplot(data, patch_artist=True, widths=0.3)#plt.boxplot is used to create box plots
#PATCH_ARTIST fills the boxplot with colors, we can set different colors to different boxes
#width provides the width of the boxes
# Customize the colors and edges
box['boxes'][0].set_facecolor('lightblue') #it gives the facecolor lightblue
box['boxes'][0].set_edgecolor('black') # set.edglecolor gives black edge for the box
box['medians'][0].set_color('darkblue') # set_color gives dark blue median line
# Add title and labels
plt.title("Custom Box Plot", fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel("Values", fontsize=12)
# Show plot
plt.tight_layout()#it ensure that your plots are clear and easy to interpret
plt.show()#it displays that has been created

*HORIZONTAL BOX PLOT*

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sample data
data = [8, 16, 12, 19, 22, 17, 13, 14, 11, 20]

# Create figure
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))

# Create horizontal box plot with custom styling

box = plt.boxplot(data, patch_artist=True, vert=False, widths=0.5)#vert=false is used to draw horizontal plot
#plt.boxplot is used to create box plots
#PATCH_ARTIST fills the boxplot with colors, we can set different colors to different boxes
#width provides the width of the boxes
# Customize the colors and edges

# Style the box

box['boxes'][0].set_facecolor('pink') #it gives the face color pink
# set.edglecolor gives black edge for the box
# set_color gives dark blue median line
box['boxes'][0].set_edgecolor('black')
box['medians'][0].set_color('darkblue')

# Set title and axis labels

plt.title("Horizontal Box Plot", fontsize=14)
plt.xlabel("Values", fontsize=12)

# Show the plot

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
#it ensure that your plots are clear and easy to interpret
#it displays that has been created

*MUTIPLE BOX PLOT*

# Importing libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sample data
data_dict = {
'Group A': [23, 45, 56, 67, 34, 89, 45],
'Group B': [34, 56, 78, 12, 45, 67, 89],
'Group C': [13, 24, 35, 46, 57, 68, 79]
}

# Creating the boxplot with color,boxprops,medianprops,whiskerprops

plt.boxplot(data_dict.values(), labels=data_dict.keys(),patch_artist=True,
boxprops=dict(facecolor='lightblue', color='darkblue'),
medianprops=dict(color='red'),
whiskerprops=dict(color='green'))
plt.title("Customized Boxplots")
plt.xlabel("Groups")
plt.ylabel("Value Range")
plt.show()
#boxprops:Allows you to customize the appearance of the central box
#whiskerprops:Controls the appearance of the whiskers (lines extending from the box),
#enabling you to change their color,linewidth, linestyle, and other properties
#medianprops:Controls the appearance of the median line within the box, enabling you to adjust its color, linewidth,
#patch_artist:A boolean argument that determines whether the boxplot's box should be filled with a color (True) or
#if it should only show the outline (False)
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