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Notes Organizer Structure of The Atom and Isotopes

The document provides guided notes on the structure of the atom, detailing the components of atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, as well as the concept of isotopes. It explains how the atomic number identifies elements and how isotopes differ in neutron count while maintaining the same chemical behavior. Additionally, it covers the calculation of average atomic mass based on the natural abundance of isotopes.

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4 views4 pages

Notes Organizer Structure of The Atom and Isotopes

The document provides guided notes on the structure of the atom, detailing the components of atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, as well as the concept of isotopes. It explains how the atomic number identifies elements and how isotopes differ in neutron count while maintaining the same chemical behavior. Additionally, it covers the calculation of average atomic mass based on the natural abundance of isotopes.

Uploaded by

immanuelaugustin206
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Guided Notes and Practice: Structure of the Atom

Atoms are spherically shaped with a tiny, dense, _______________________ nucleus,


containing ____________ and _____________.
Most of an atom consists of fast-moving ____________, traveling through ___________
______________ surrounding the nucleus. The electrons occupy different __________
_________, similar to the rungs on a ladder.

Particle Symbol Location Electrical Relative Mass (mass Actual


Charge of proton =1) Mass (g)

How do atoms differ from one another?


 The number of __________ in an atom identifies it as an atom of a particular
element.
 The number of protons is called the __________ __________.
 Elements are arranged on the Periodic Table by ___________ ___________
____________.
 On the Periodic Table, each different element is shown in a box. The box is
organized this way:
19
K
Potassium
39.098

 All atoms are electrically neutral. Therefore:

Atomic Number = # Protons = # Electrons

Using this information, complete the following table:

Element Atomic Number # Protons # Electrons


Nitrogen 7
22
12
Iron

Guided Notes and Practice: Isotopes

All atoms of a particular element have the same number of _______________ and
______________ but the number of __________________ may vary.

For example, there are 3 different types of carbon. All 3 types contain ______ protons
and ______ electrons. One type of carbon atom has ____ neutrons, another has _____
neutrons and a third has _____ neutrons. Atoms with the same number of protons but
different number of neutrons are called ______________.
Isotopes differ in _________ but have the same chemical behavior. To identify the
various isotopes of an element, a number is added after the element’s name. This
number is called the _________ ___________ and represents the ________ of the
______________ and _______________ in the nucleus.

Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number

A carbon atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is called: carbon – 12

The isotope with 6 protons and 7 neutrons is: __________________


The isotope with 6 protons and 8 neutrons is: __________________

A shortened notation is often used, which includes the chemical symbol, atomic number
and mass number:

Symbol for carbon-13 : Symbol for carbon-14 :

Use this information to fill in the following chart:


Element Atomic # Mass # # protons # neutrons isotope Symbol
17 35
Aluminum 14
Carbon-14

In each element block on the Periodic Table the ______________ __________


_______ is not shown as a whole number. Consider that the mass of a single atom is
very small (carbon-12 has a mass of 1.992646547 x 10-23 g) Small numbers are difficult
to use in calculations, so a relative scale based on carbon-12 is used instead. Carbon-
12 is considered to have a mass of ________________ or 12 amu. The actual mass of
a proton or neutron is very nearly 1 amu.

Sub-atomic particle Actual mass (amu)

proton 1.0073
neutron 1.0087
electron 0.0005486

On the Periodic Table, the atomic mass for carbon is 12.01 g, not 12.00. Most atomic
masses are not whole numbers because the mass listed is the weighted average of all
the naturally occurring ______________.

When calculating the atomic mass, one has to take into consideration the ___________
______ of each isotope and the ___________ _______________ of each isotope in
nature.
For example, the atomic mass of oxygen is 15.999 amu. Oxygen exists naturally as a
mixture of 3 isotopes of oxygen. Of the mixture, 99.759% consists of oxygen-16 with a
mass of 15.995 amu, 0.037% is oxygen-17 with a mass of 16.995, and 0.204% is
oxygen-18 with a mass of 17.999.

Isotope Isotope Percent Average Atomic Mass Calculation


Name mass abundance
(amu)
Oxygen- 15.995 99.759%
16
Oxygen- 16.995 0.037%
17
Oxygen- 17.999 0.204%
18

Calculate the average atomic mass for chlorine, given that chlorine-35 has a natural
abundance of 75.770 % and chlorine-37 has a natural abundance of 24.230 % (Since
you are only given the mass numbers here, you must use those for your isotope mass).

Independent Practice
Neutral Atoms
Element Atomic Number # Protons # Electrons
Lithium 3

27

53

79

Iron

Isotopes
Element Atomic Mass # # protons # isotope Symbol
# neutrons
12 26

Xenon 126

Nitrogen-
16
46 56

Calculate the Average Atomic Mass. SHOW YOUR WORK. For problems with
just mass numbers, round to the nearest thousandth for each mass x
percent calculation.

1. 80% I-127, 17% I-126, 3% I-128

2. 50% Au-197, 50% Au-198

3. 95.002% Sulfur-32 with a mass of 31.972, 0.76% of Sulfur-33 with a mass of 32.971 amu,
4.22% of Sulfur-34 with a mass of 33.967 amu, and 0.014% of Sulfur- 36 with a mass of 35.967.

4. 15% Fe-55, 85% Fe-56

5. 99.985% of hydrogen-1 with a mass of 1.0078 amu, 0.015% of hydrogen-2 with a mass of
2.0141, and a negligible percentage of hydrogen-3 with a mass of 3.0160.

6. 99.63% N-14 with a mass of 14.003 amu, 0.37% N-15 with a mass of 15.000 amu

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