Chapter – 10

Vector Algebra
^ ^ ^
5. The value of p for which p (i + j + k ) is a unit
Some Basic Concepts vector is [2020]

MCQ [1 Marks] 1
(a) 0 (b)
3
1. The vectors 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ and
𝑐⃗ = −3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ represents the sides of (c) 1 (d) 3
(a) an equilateral triangle
(b) an obtuse-angled triangle
Addition of Vectors
(c) an isosceles triangle
(d) a right-angled triangle (2024) MCQ

6. ABCD is a rhombus, whose diagonals intersect at E.

VSA [1 Marks] ⎯⎯
→ ⎯⎯
→ ⎯⎯
→ ⎯⎯
→
Then EA + EB + EC + ED equals [2020]
→
2. Find a vector a of magnitude 5 2 , making an → →
(a) 0 (b) AD
 
angle of with x-axis, with y-axis and an acute → →
4 2 (c) 2 BC (d) 2 AD
angle  with z-axis. [Al 2014] Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar

SA I [2 Marks] MCQ

→ 7. The position vectors of points P and Q are 𝑝⃗ and 𝑞⃗

3. Find a vector r equally inclined to the three axes
respectively. The point R divides line segment PQ
and whose magnitude is 3 3 units. [2020] in the ratio 3 : 1 and S is the mid-point of line
Types of Vectors segment PR. The position vector of S is
MCQ
𝑝⃗+3𝑞⃗⃗ 𝑝⃗+3𝑞⃗⃗
→ ^ ^ ^ (a) 4
(b) 8
4. Two vectors a = a1 i + a2 j + a3 k and
5𝑝⃗+3𝑞⃗⃗ 5𝑝⃗+3𝑞⃗⃗
→ ^ ^ ^
(c) 4
(d) 8
(2024)
b = b1 i + b2 j + b3 k are collinear if [2023]

(a) a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 = 0 ^ ^

8. A unit vector along the vector 4 i − 3 k is [2023]
a1 a2 a3
(b) = = 1 ^ ^ 1 ^ ^
b1 b2 b3 (a) (4 i − 3 k ) (b) (4 i − 3 k )
7 5
(c) a1 = b1 , a2 = b2 , a3 = b3
1 ^ ^ 1 ^ ^
(c) (4 i − 3 k ) (d) (4 i − 3 k )
(d) a1 + a2 + a3 = b1 + b2 + b3 7 5

VSA [1 Marks]

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9. The position vector of two points A and B are ⎯⎯
→
18. Write a unit vector in the direction of vector PQ ,
⎯⎯
→ ^ ^ ^ ⎯⎯
→ ^ ^ ^
OA = 2 i − j − k and OB = 2 i − j + 2 k , where P and Q are the points (1, 3, 0) and (4, 5, 6)
respectively. The position vector of a point P which respectively. [Foreign 2014]
divides the line segment joining A and B in the 19. Write a vector in the direction of the vector
ratio 2 : 1 is_________ [2020] ^ ^ ^
i − 2 j + 2 k that has magnitude 9 units.
10. Find the position vector of a point which divides
[Delhi 2014C]
→ →
the join of points with position vectors a − 2 b and
→ →
SA I [2 Marks]
2 a + b externally in the ratio 2 : 1.
20. X and Y are two points with position vectors
[Delhi 2016]
→ → → →

11. Write the position vector of the point which 3 a + b and a − 3 b respectively. Write the position

divides the join of points with position vectors vector of a point Z which divides the line segment
→ → → → XY in the ratio 2 : 1 externally. [Al 2019]
3 a − 2 b and 2 a + 3 b in the ratio 2 : 1.
[Al 2016] LA I [4 Marks]

12. Find the unit vector in the direction of the sum of ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

21. The two vectors j + k and 3 i − j + 4 k represent
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
the vectors 2 i + 3 j − k and 4 i − 3 j + 2 k . the two sides AB and AC, respectively of a ABC .
[Foreign 2015] Find the length of the median through A.
→ ^ ^
13. Find a vector in the direction of a = i − 2 j that has [Delhi 2016, Foreign 2015]
Product of Two Vectors
magnitude 7 units. [Delhi 2015C]
→ → MCQ
14. Write the direction ratios of the vector 3 a + 2 b
→ ^ ^ → → ^ ^ ^ 22. Assertion (A): (𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗)𝑎⃗ is a scalar quantity.
where a = i + j − 2 k and b = 2 i − 4 j + 5 k .
Reason (R) : Dot product of two vectors is a scalar
[Al 2015C]
quantity.
15. Write a unit vector in the direction of the sum of
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^
the vectors a = 2 i + 2 j − 5 k and b = 2 i + j − 7 k . Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the

[Delhi 2014] Assertion (A).

16. Find the value of ‘p’ for which the vectors (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the
3 i + 2 j + 9 k and i − 2 j + 3 k are parallel.
Assertion (A).
[Al 2014]
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
17. Find a vector in the direction of vector
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
^ ^ ^
2 i − 3 j + 6 k which has magnitude 21 units. (2024)

[Foreign 2014] 23. For any two vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗. which of the
following statements is always true?

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 𝜋 𝜋
(a) 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ ≥ |𝑎⃗| |𝑏⃗⃗| (b) 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = |𝑎⃗| |𝑏⃗⃗| (a)
6
(b)
3

(c) 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ ≤ |𝑎⃗| |𝑏⃗⃗| (d) 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ < |𝑎⃗| |𝑏⃗⃗| (2024)
5𝜋 11𝜋
(c) 6
(d) 6
(2024)

24. Let a be any vector such that |𝑎⃗ | = a. The value of

2
|𝑎⃗ × 𝑖̂|2 + |𝑎⃗ × 𝑗̂|2 + |𝑎⃗ × 𝑘̂ | is: (2024) → →
29. If  is the angle between two vectors a and b ,
(a) 𝑎2 (b) 2𝑎2 (c) 3𝑎2 (d) 0
→ →
then a . b  0 only when [2023]

25. The unit vector perpendicular to both vectors 𝑖̂ +  

(a) 0    (b) 0   
𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂ is : 2 2

(a) 2𝑗̂ (b) 𝑗̂ (c) 0     (d) 0    

^ ^ ^
̂ ̂
30. The magnitude of the vector 6 i − 2 j + 3 k is
𝑖̂−𝑘 𝑖̂+𝑘
(c) (d) (2024)
√2 √2
[2023]

26. Assertion (A); Fortwo non-zero vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ (a) 1 (b) 5
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑎⃗.
, 𝑎. (c) 7 (d) 12
Reason (R): For two non-zero vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ → ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^
, 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑎⃗.. 31. If the projection of a = i − 2 j + 3 k on b = 2 i +  k
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
is zero, then the value of  is [2020]
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the
Assertion (A). (a) 0 (b) 1
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the −2 −3
(c) (d)
Assertion (A). 3 2
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false. ^ ^ ^
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. (2024) 32. If i , j , k are unit vectors along three mutually

perpendicular directions, then [2020]

27. Assertion (A): The vectors:
^ ^ ^ ^
𝑎⃗ = 6𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 10𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 6𝑘̂ , 𝑐⃗ = 4𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + (a) i . j = 1 (b) i j = 1
2𝑘̂
represent the sides of a right angled triangle. ^ ^ ^ ^
(c) i . k = 0 (d) i  k = 0
Reason (R): Three non-zero vectors of which none of
two are collinear forms a triangle if their resultant is
zero vector or sum of any two vectors is equal to the VSA [1 Marks]
third.
→
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and 33. Find the magnitude of vector a given by
the Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the
→ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Assertion (A).
a = (i + 3 j − 2 k )  ( − i + 3 k ) . [2021C]
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the → ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^

Assertion (A). (2024) 34. If a = 2 i − j + 2 k and b = 5 i − 3 j − 4 k then find

(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false. → →
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. projection of vector a on vector b
the ratio → →
.
projection of vector b on vector a
28. If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are two vectors such that |𝑎⃗| = 1, |𝑏⃗⃗| =
[2020C]
2 and 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = √3, then the angle between 2 𝑎⃗ and

-𝑏⃗⃗ is:
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35. The area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are → →
45. If a and b are unit vectors, then what is the angle
^ ^
2 i and −3 k is ______ square units. [2020] → → → →
between a and b so that 2 a − b is a unit
^ ^ ^
36. The value of  for which the vectors 2 i −  j + k vector? [Delhi 2015C]
^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^
and i + 2 j − k are orthogonal is ______. [2020] 46. Find the projection of the vector a = 2 i + 3 j + 2 k
→ → ^ ^ ^
37. Find the magnitude of each of the vectors a and on the vector b = 2 i + 2 j + k . [Al 2015C]
→ ^ ^ ^
b , having the same magnitude such that the angle 47. Find the projection of vector i + 3 j + 7 k on the
9 ^ ^ ^
between them is 600 and their scalar product is . vector 2 i − 3 j + 6 k . [Delhi 2014]
2
→ → → → 2 → →
[2018] 48. If a and b are such that, | a |= 3 | b |= and a b
3
38. Write the number of vectors of unit length
→ ^ ^ ^
is a unit vector, then write the angle between
perpendicular to both the vectors a = 2 i + j + 2 k → →

→ ^ ^
a and b . [Delhi 2014]
and b = j + k . [Al 2016] → → → → 2
→ → → → → → →
49. If vector a and b are such that, | a |= 3, | b |=
3
39. If a , b , c are unit vectors such that a + b + c = 0 ,
→ →
→ → → → → → and a  b is a unit vector, then write the angle
then write the value of a . b + b . c + c . a .
→ →
[NCERT, Foreign 2016] between a and b . [Delhi 2014]
→ → → → →
→ → → →
40. If | a b |2 + | a . b |2 = 400 and | a |= 5 then write 50. If a and b are perpendicular vectors, | a + b |= 13
→
→ →
the value of | b | . [Foreign 2016] and | a |= 5 , find the value of | b | . [Al 2014]
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^
41. If a = 7 i + j − 4 k and b = 2 i + 6 j + 3 k , then find
^ ^ ^
51. Write the projection of the vector i + j + k along
→ →
^
the projection of a and b . [Delhi 2015] the vector j . [Foreign 2014]
^ ^ ^
42. If a, b and c are mutually perpendicular unit 52. Write the value of
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
i ( j k ) + j (k + i ) + k  (i + j ) .
^ ^ ^
vectors, then find the value of | 2 a + b+ c | .

[Al 2015] [Foreign 2014]

→ ^ ^ ^
43. Write a unit vector perpendicular to both the 53. Write the projection of the vector a = 2 i − j + k on
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^
vectors a = i + j + k and b = i + j . → ^ ^ ^
the vector b = i + 2 j + 2 k . [Delhi 2014C]
[Al 2015] → →
54. If a and b are unit vectors, then find the angle
44. Find the area of a parallelogram whose adjacent
→ →
 → →

between a and b , given that  3 a − b  is a unit
^ ^
sides are represented by the vectors 2 i − 3 k and  
^ ^
4 j+ 2 k . [Foreign 2015] vector. [Delhi 2014C]

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55. Write the value of cosine of the angle which the → →
63. a and b are two unit vectors such that
→ ^ ^ ^
→ → → → →
vector a = i + j + k makes with y-axis. | 2 a + 3 b |=| 3 a − 2 b | . Find the angle between a
→
[Delhi 2014C]
and b . [Term II, 2021 – 22]
→ → → → → → → → →
56. If | a |= 8, | b |= 3 and | a b |= 12 , find the angle 64. If | a b |2 + | a . b |2 = 400 and | b |= 5 , then find
→ → →
between a and b . [Al 2014C] the value of | a | . [Term II, 2021 – 22]
→ ^ ^ ^ → → → → ^ ^
57. Find the angle between x-axis and the vector 65. If a = i + j + k , a . b = 1 and a b = j − k , then
^ ^ ^ →
i+ j+ k . [Al 2014C] find | b |. [Term II, 2021 – 22]
→ → →
66. If a , b and c are unit vectors such that
SA I [2 Marks] → → → → → → →
a + b + c = 0 , then find the value of a . b . c = 0 ,
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^ → → → → → → →
58. If a = 4 i − j + k and b = 2 i − 2 j + k , then find a then find the value of a . b + b . c + c . a = 0 , then
→ → → → → →
→ →
unit vector along the vector a b . [2023] find the value of a . b + b . c + c . a .
[Term II, 2021 – 22C]
→ →
→ → → → →
59. If the vectors a and b are such that 67. If a and b are two vectors such that | a + b |=| b | ,
→ → 2 → → → → →
| a |= 3, | b |= and a b is a unit vector, then find then prove that ( a + 2 b ) is perpendicular to a .
3
[Term II, 2021 – 22]
→ →
the angle between a and b . [2023] 68. If the sides AB and BC of a parallelogram ABCD are
⎯⎯
→ ^ ^ ^
60. Find the area of a parallelogram whose adjacent represented as vectors AB = 2 i + 4 j − 5 k and
→ ^ ^ ^ ⎯⎯
→ ^ ^ ^
sides are determined by the vectors a = i − j + 3 k BC = i + 2 j + 3 k , then find the unit vector
→ ^ ^ ^ diagonal AC. [2021C]
and b = 2 i − 7 j + k . [2023] 69. Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the
→ → → ^ ^ ^
→ → vectors a and b where a = 5 i + 6 j − 2 k and
61. Write the projection of the vector  b + c  on the
  → ^ ^ ^
→ → ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^ b = 7 i+ 6 j+ 2 k . [2020]
vector a where, a = 2 i − 2 j + k , b = i + 2 j − 2 k → → → →
70. Show that | a || b + | b | a is perpendicular to
→ ^ ^ ^
and c = 2 i − j + 4 k . [Term II, 2021 – 22] → → → → →
| a || b − | b | a , for any two non – zero vectors a
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^ →
62. If a = i + j − 2 k and b = − i + 2 j + 2 k and and b . [2020C]
→ →
→ ^ ^ ^
c = − i + 2 j − k are three vectors, then find a 71. Show that for any two non – zero vectors a and b
→ → → → → →
→ → , | a + b |=| a − b | iff a and b are perpendicular
vector perpendicular to both the vectors ( a + b )
vectors. [2020]
→ → ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
and ( b − c ) [Term II, 2021 – 22C] 72. Show that the vectors 2 i − j + k ,3 i + 7 j + k and
^ ^ ^
5 i + 6 j + 2 k form the sides of a right – angled
triangle. [2020]

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73. If the sum of two vectors is a unit vector, prove the diagonal vectors, find the area of the
that the magnitude of their difference is 3. parallelogram also. [Term II, 2021 – 22]
→ → →
[Delhi 2019] 84. If a , b and c are mutually perpendicular vectors
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^
74. Let a = i + 2 j − 3 k and b = 3 i − j + 2 k be two of equal magnitude, then prove that the vector
→ → → → →
→ → → →
(2 a + b + 2 c ) is equally inclined to both a and c .
vectors. Show that the vectors ( a + b ) and ( a − b )
→ → → →
are perpendicular to each other. Also, find the angle between a and (2 a + b + 2 c ) .
[Al 2019] [Term II, 2021 – 22]
→ →
→ → → → → → →
75. Find a vector perpendicular to both a and b 85. If | a |= 3 , | b |= 5 , | c |= 4 and a + b + c = 0 , then
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^
→ → → → → →
where a = 4 i − j + 8 k and b = − j + k . [2019C]
find the value of ( a . b + b . c + c . a ) .
→ → → → ^ ^ ^
76. If | a |= 2, | b |= 7 and a b = 3 i + 2 j + 6 k , find [Term II, 2021 – 22]
→ →
→ →
the angle between a and b . [2019] 86. If a and b are two vectors of equal magnitude and
→ →  is the angle between them, then prove that
77. For any two vectors, a and b , prove that → →
→ → a+ b  
→ → → →
= cot −1   . [Term II, 2021-22]
( a b )2 = a b − ( a . b )2 .
2 2
[2019] → →
2
a− b
^ ^ ^
78. If  is the angle between two vectors i − 2 j + 3 k
^ ^ ^
LA I [4 Marks]
and 3 i − 2 j + k , find sin  . [2018]
87. Case Study : An instructor at the astronomical
SA II [3 Marks]
centre shows three among the brightest stars in a
79. The position vectors of vertices of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 are particular constellation. Assume that the telescope
𝐴(2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ), 𝐵(𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶(3𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ −
is located at O (0,0, 0) and the three stars have their
4𝑘̂ ). Find ail the angles of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶. (2024)
locations at the points D, A and V having positions

80. Find the projection of vector (𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗) on vector 𝑎⃗. vectors 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘, 7𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ +
Where 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 11𝑘̂ respectively.
𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂. (2024)

→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^
81. If a = i + j + k and b = i + 2 j + 3 k , then find a
→ → → →
unit vector perpendicular to both a + b and a − b
[2023]
→ → →
82. Three vectors a , b and c satisfy the condition
→ → →
a + c + c = 0 . Evaluate the quantity
→ → → → → → → →
 = a . b + b . c + c . a , if | a |= 3 , | b |= 4 and
→
| c |= 2 . [2023] Based on the above information, answer the following
83. The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are questions:
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
represented by 2 i − 4 j − 5 k and 2 i + 2 j + 3 k . (i) How far is the star V from star A?
Find the unit vectors parallel to its diagonals. Using ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗.
(ii) Find a unit vector in the direction of 𝐷𝐴

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(iii) Find the measure of ∠𝑉𝐷𝐴.
OR
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ on vector
(iii) What is the projection of vector 𝐷𝑉
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐴? (2024)

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