Practical - 1

Here are five popular Database Management Systems (DBMS) and a comparison based on
various factors:
1. MySQL
 Type: Relational DBMS (RDBMS)
 Platform: Cross-platform (Windows, Linux, macOS)
 License: Open Source (GPL)
 Use Cases: Web applications, small to medium-sized businesses
 Key Features:
o ACID-compliant

o Supports SQL (Structured Query Language)

o Horizontal scaling (with replication and sharding)

o Good performance with read-heavy applications

2. PostgreSQL
 Type: Relational DBMS (RDBMS)
 Platform: Cross-platform
 License: Open Source (PostgreSQL License)
 Use Cases: Enterprise-level applications, complex queries
 Key Features:
o Advanced SQL compliance

o ACID-compliant

o Support for JSON, XML, and other non-relational data types

o Strong support for concurrent transactions (MVCC)

o Extensible (allows custom data types, operators, etc.)

3. Oracle Database
 Type: Relational DBMS (RDBMS)
 Platform: Cross-platform
 License: Commercial (paid licenses)
 Use Cases: Large enterprises, critical business applications
  Key Features:
o High availability with Oracle RAC (Real Application Clusters)

o Advanced security features

o Support for multi-tenant databases (used in cloud services)

o Very high scalability and performance for OLTP and OLAP

4. Microsoft SQL Server

 Type: Relational DBMS (RDBMS)
 Platform: Primarily Windows (also Linux support)
 License: Commercial (various licensing models)
 Use Cases: Large enterprises, business intelligence
 Key Features:
o Strong integration with Microsoft products (e.g., .NET, Azure)

o High availability (Always On availability groups)

o Built-in business intelligence tools (SSIS, SSRS, SSAS)

o In-memory database features (e.g., In-Memory OLTP)

5. MongoDB
 Type: NoSQL (Document-based)
 Platform: Cross-platform
 License: Open Source (Server Side Public License)
 Use Cases: Big Data, real-time analytics, unstructured data
 Key Features:
o NoSQL document database (stores data in BSON format, similar to JSON)

o Horizontal scaling with sharding

o Flexible schema (ideal for rapidly changing data)

o High write performance

o Distributed architecture
Comparison of the 5 DBMS based on key factors:

Microsoft SQL
Feature MySQL PostgreSQL Oracle DB MongoDB
Server

NoSQL
Type Relational Relational Relational Relational (Document-
based)

Open Source Open Source Open Source

Licensing Commercial Commercial
(GPL) (PostgreSQL) (SSPL)

Full SQL Advanced SQL Advanced SQL Limited SQL

SQL Support Full SQL support
support support support support

Tables and Tables, Views, Tables, Views, Tables, Views, Collections and
Data Model
Rows Functions Procedures Functions Documents

Horizontal Vertical and Horizontal

High scalability Vertical and
Scalability scaling (with Horizontal scaling
with RAC Horizontal scaling
replication) scaling (Sharding)

ACID Limited ACID

Yes Yes Yes Yes
Compliance compliance

High
High
Good for read- Good for performance, High write
Performance performance,
heavy apps complex queries OLTP and performance
OLAP
OLAP

Web apps, Large Business

Enterprise apps, Big Data, real-
Best For small enterprises, intelligence,
complex data time analytics
businesses critical systems enterprise apps

Business
Oracle RAC, Flexible schema,
Advanced Replication, Extensibility, Intelligence tools,
multi-tenant distributed
Features clustering JSON support in-memory
databases architecture
processing
Advantages of DBMS over File Based Management System

A Database Management System (DBMS) offers several advantages over File-Based

Management Systems:
 Reduced Redundancy: Centralized data storage prevents duplication.
 Data Integrity: Enforces data consistency through integrity constraints.
 Security: Provides access control and authentication.
 Data Independence: Allows changes to data structure without affecting
applications.
 Concurrent Access: Supports simultaneous user access without conflicts.
 Efficient Querying: Uses SQL for faster and more complex data retrieval.
 Backup & Recovery: Automated backup and restoration mechanisms.
 Transaction Management: Ensures consistency with ACID properties
(Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability).
 Scalability: Handles large datasets efficiently.
 Centralized Control: Simplifies management and monitoring of data.
 Practical- 2
Aim - Steps to install MySQL
Step 1: Visit the Official MySQL Website
Open your preferred web browser and navigate to the official MySQL website. Now, Simple
click on first download button.

Step 2: Go to the Downloads Section

On the MySQL homepage, click on the” No thanks, just start my download” link to
proceed MySQL downloading.
Step 3: Run the Installer
After MySQL downloading MySQL.exe file, go to your Downloads folder, find the file, and
double-click to run the installer.

Step 4: Choose Setup Type

The installer will instruct you to choose the setup type. For most users, the “Developer
Default” is suitable. Click “Next” to proceed.
Step 5: Check Requirements
You might be prompted to install necessary MySQL software, typically Visual Code. The
installer can auto-resolve some issues, but not in this case.

Step 6: MySQL Downloading

Now that you’re in the download section, click “Execute” to start downloading the
components you selected. Wait a few minutes until all items show tick marks, indicating
completion, before moving forward.
Step 7: MySQL Installation
Now the downloaded components will be installed. Click “Execute” to start the installation
process. MySQL will be installed on your Windows system. Then click Next to proceed

Step 8: Navigate to Few Configurations Pages

Proceed to “Product Configuration” > “Type and Networking” > “Authentication
Method” Pages by clicking the “Next” button.
Step 9: Create MySQL Accounts
Create a password for the MySQL root user. Ensure it’s strong and memorable. Click “Next”
to proceed.

Step 10: Connect To Server

Enter the root password, click Check. If it says “Connection succeed,” you’ve successfully
connected to the server.
Step 11: Complete Installation
Once the installation is complete, click “Finish.” Congratulations! MySQL is now installed
on your Windows system.

Step 12: Verify Installation

To ensure a successful installation of MySQL, open the MySQL Command Line Client or
MySQL Workbench, both available in your Start Menu. Log in using the root user credentials
you set during installation.

MySQL Workbench Is Ready to Use

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system that is based on SQL
queries. MySQL is used for data operations like querying, filtering, sorting, grouping,
modifying, and joining the tables present in the database.