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Lung Imaging and CADx
Edited by
Ayman El-Baz and Jasjit S. Suri
AL GRAWANY
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: El-Baz, Ayman S., editor. | Suri, Jasjit S., editor.
Title: Lung imaging and CADx / [edited by] Ayman El-Baz and Jasjit Suri.
Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018054774 | ISBN 9781138050914 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Lung Neoplasms—diagnostic imaging | Image Interpretation,
Computer-Assisted
Classification: LCC RC280.L8 | NLM WF 658 | DDC 616.99/424075—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018054774
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With love and affection to my mother and father,
whose loving spirit sustains me still
Ayman El-Baz
To my late loving parents, my wife, and loving children
Jasjit S. Suri
AL GRAWANY
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments ix
Preface xi
Contributors xiii
Editors xix
1. Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using
Accurate Lung Air Volume Estimation in Computed Tomographic Imaging 1
Hadi Moghadas-Dastjerdi, Mohammad Reza Ahmadzadeh, and Abbas Samani
2. Early Detection of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Influence on Lung
Cancer Epidemiology 29
Amany F. Elbehairy and Ahmed Sadaka
3. Dual Energy Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Diagnosis
and Characterization 49
Victor Gonzalez-Perez, Estanislao Arana, and David Moratal
4. X-Ray Dark-Field Imaging of Lung Cancer in Mice 75
Deniz A. Bölükbas and Darcy E. Wagner
5. Lung Cancer Screening Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography 97
Alison Wenholz and Ikenna Okereke
6. Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Lung Nodules: Systems for Estimation of Lung
Cancer Probability and False-Positive Reduction of Lung Nodule Detection 107
Mizuho Nishio
7. Automated Lung Cancer Detection From PET/CT Images Using Texture
and Fractal Descriptors 133
K. Punithavathy, Sumathi Poobal, and M. M. Ramya
8. Lung Cancer Risk of a Population Exposed to Airborne Particles:
The Contribution of Different Activities and Microenvironments 167
L. Stabile and G. Buonanno
9. Lung Nodule Classification Based on the Integration of a Higher-Order
Markov-Gibbs Random Field Appearance Model and Geometric Features 203
Ahmed Shaffie, Ahmed Soliman, Ali Mahmoud, Mohammed Ghazal,
Hassan Hajjdiab, Robert Keynton, Guruprasad Giridharan, Adel Elmaghraby,
Jasjit S. Suri, and Ayman El-Baz
vii
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viii Table of Contents
10. Smoking Cessation and Lung Cancer Screening Programs: The Rationale
and Method to Integration 225
Meghan Cahill, Brooke Crawford O’Neill, Kimberly Del Mauro,
Courtney Yeager, and Bradley B. Pua
11. Automatic Lung Segmentation and Interobserver Variability Analysis 243
Joel C. M. Than, Norliza M. Noor, Luca Saba, Omar M. Rijal,
Rosminah M. Kassim, Ashari Yunus, Chuen R. Ng, and Jasjit S. Suri
12. Classification of Diseased Lungs Using a Combination of Riesz and Gabor
Transforms and Machine Learning 275
Luca Saba, Joel C. M. Than, Norliza M. Noor, Omar M. Rijal,
Rosminah M. Kassim, Ashari Yunus, Harman S. Suri, Michele Porcu,
and Jasjit S. Suri
13. An Unsupervised Parametric Mixture Model for Automatic Three-Dimensional
Lung Segmentation 307
Mohammed Ghazal, Samr Ali, Mohanad AlKhodari, and Ayman El-Baz
14. How Deep Learning Is Changing the Landscape of Lung Cancer Diagnosis 329
Sarfaraz Hussein and Ulas Bagci
15. Early Assessment of Radiation-Induced Lung Injury 349
Ahmed Soliman, Fahmi Khalifa, Ahmed Shaffie, Ali Mahmoud, Neal Dunlap,
Brian Wang, Adel Elmaghraby, Georgy Gimel’farb, Robert Keynton,
Mohammed Ghazal, Jasjit S. Suri, and Ayman El-Baz
Index371
Acknowledgments
The completion of this book could not have been possible without the participation
and assistance of so many people whose names may not all be enumerated. Their
contributions are sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledged. However, the
editors would like to express their deep appreciation and indebtedness particularly to
Dr. Ali H. Mahmoud and Ahmed Shaffie for their endless support.
Ayman El-Baz
Jasjit S. Suri
ix
AL GRAWANY
Preface
This book covers the state-of-the-art approaches for automated noninvasive systems
for early lung cancer diagnostics. Lung cancer is the second most common cancer
after prostate cancer in men and after breast cancer in women. Moreover, it is consid-
ered the leading cause of cancer death among both genders in the United States and
worldwide as the number of people who die each year of lung cancer is more than the
people who die of breast and prostate cancers combined. According to the American
Cancer Society, in 2017, 1,688,780 new lung cancer cases were diagnosed, and 600,920
lung cancer deaths are estimated to occur in the United States. This means that lung
cancer claims more lives each year than all other forms of cancer.
Fortunately, early detection of lung cancer increases the chances of patients’ sur-
vival. Current noninvasive lung imaging includes positron emission tomography
(PET), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Today’s
computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems can analyze images from these different
modalities for detecting lung cancer and determining its aggressiveness. Generally,
the CAD systems analyze the images in three steps: (1) segmentation, (2) description
or feature extraction, and (3) classification of the status. These steps are discussed in
the book.
In summary, the book aims at advancing scientific research within the broad field
of early detection of lung cancer. It focuses on major trends and challenges in this
area, identifies new techniques, and presents their use in biomedical image analysis.
Ayman El-Baz
Jasjit S. Suri
xi
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Contributors
Mohammad Reza Ahmadzadeh Deniz A. Bölükbas
Department of Electrical and Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration
Computer Engineering Department of Experimental
Isfahan University of Technology Medical Sciences
Isfahan, Iran and
Wallenberg Center for Molecular
Samr Ali Medicine and Stem Cell Centre
Department of Electrical and Lund University
Computer Engineering Lund, Sweden
Abu Dhabi University
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates G. Buonanno
Department of Civil and
Mohanad AlKhodari Mechanical Engineering
Department of Electrical and University of Cassino and
Computer Engineering Southern Lazio
Abu Dhabi University Cassino, Italy
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and
Queensland University of Technology
Estanislao Arana Brisbane, Australia
Department of Radiology
Valencia Oncology Institute Foundation Meghan Cahill
Valencia, Spain Department of Radiology
New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill
Ulas Bagci Cornell Medical College
Center for Research in Computer New York, New York, USA
Vision (CRCV)
University of Central Florida Kimberly Del Mauro
Orlando, Florida, USA Department of Radiology
New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill
Cornell Medical College
New York, New York, USA
xiii
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xiv Contributors
Neal Dunlap Guruprasad Giridharan
Department of Radiation Oncology BioImaging Laboratory
University of Louisville Department of Bioengineering
Louisville, Kentucky, USA University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky, USA
Ayman El-Baz
BioImaging Laboratory Victor Gonzalez-Perez
Department of Bioengineering Department of Medical Physics
University of Louisville Valencia Oncology Institute Foundation
Louisville, Kentucky, USA Valencia, Spain
Amany F. Elbehairy Hassan Hajjdiab
Department of Chest Diseases Department of Electrical and
Faculty of Medicine Computer Engineering
Alexandria University Abu Dhabi University
Alexandria, Egypt Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
and
National Heart and Lung Institute Sarfaraz Hussein
Imperial College Center for Advanced Machine Learning
London, United Kingdom (CAML) at Symantec Corporation
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Adel Elmaghraby
Department of Computer Engineering Rosminah M. Kassim
and Computer Science Department of Diagnostic Imaging
University of Louisville Kuala Lumpur Hospital
Louisville, Kentucky, USA Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Mohammed Ghazal Robert Keynton
Department of Electrical and Department of Bioengineering
Computer Engineering University of Louisville
Abu Dhabi University Louisville, Kentucky, USA
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
and Fahmi Khalifa
BioImaging Laboratory BioImaging Laboratory
Department of Bioengineering Department of Bioengineering
University of Louisville University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky, USA Louisville, Kentucky, USA
Georgy Gimel’farb Ali Mahmoud
Department of Computer Engineering BioImaging Laboratory
and Computer Science Department of Bioengineering
University of Auckland University of Louisville
Auckland, New Zealand Louisville, Kentucky, USA
Contributors xv
Hadi Moghadas-Dastjerdi Brooke Crawford O’Neill
Department of Electrical and Department of Radiology
Computer Engineering New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill
Isfahan University of Technology Cornell Medical College
Isfahan, Iran New York, New York, USA
David Moratal Sumathi Poobal
Center for Biomaterials and Department of Electronics and
Tissue Engineering Communication Engineering
Universitat Politècnica de València KCG College of Technology
Valencia, Spain Karapakkam, Chennai
Tamil Nadu, India
Chuen R. Ng
UTM Razak School of Engineering and Michele Porcu
Advanced Technology Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Cagliari
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Polo di Monserrato
Università di Cagliari
Mizuho Nishio Cagliari, Italy
Department of Diagnostic Imaging
and Nuclear Medicine Bradley B. Pua
Kyoto University Graduate School Department of Radiology
of Medicine New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill
Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan Cornell Medical College
and New York, New York, USA
Preemptive Medicine and Lifestyle-
related Disease Research Center K. Punithavathy
Kyoto University Hospital Department of Electronics and
Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan Communication Engineering
Hindustan Institute of Technology
Norliza M. Noor & Science
Department of Engineering Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
UTM Razak School of Engineering
and Advanced Technology M. M. Ramya
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Centre for Automation & Robotics
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Hindustan Institute of Technology
& Science
Ikenna Okereke Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
University of Texas Medical Branch Omar M. Rijal
Galveston, Texas, USA Institute of Mathematical Sciences
Faculty of Science
University of Malaya
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
AL GRAWANY