Activity Sheet M365

Activity 1
M365 Word Assistant - Solved
Climate change describes changes in the state of the atmosphere over time scales
ranging from decades to millions of years. These changes can be caused by
processes inside the Earth, forces from outside (e.g. variations in sunlight intensity)
or, more recently, human activities. Ice ages are prominent examples.
Climate change is any significant long-term change in the weather of a region (or
the whole Earth) over a significant period of time. Climate change is about abnormal
variations to the climate, and the effects of these variations on other parts of the
Earth. Examples include the melting of ice caps at the South Pole and North Pole.
These changes may take tens, hundreds or perhaps millions of years.
Activity 2
M365 Word Assistant - UnSolved
The term hydrocarbon refers to an organic chemical compound that is composed
exclusively of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons are naturally-occurring
and form the basis of crude oil, natural gas, coal, and other important energy
sources. They are highly combustible and produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat
when they are burned. As such, hydrocarbons are highly effective as a source of
fuel.
Key Takeaways
Hydrocarbons are chemical compounds that are utilized as the basis of the vast
majority of global energy production. A variety of complex technologies and
techniques have been developed for extracting hydrocarbons from deep within the
earth. Some of the world's largest companies are hydrocarbon companies, primarily
oil and gas companies. The use of hydrocarbons as an energy source has negatively
impacted the world's climate in a significant way, resulting in climate change.
Because of the serious environmental cost of using hydrocarbons as a primary
source of energy, attempts to move away from them towards alternative energy
sources, such as solar, nuclear, wind, and geothermal power have increased
significantly.
Understanding Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons occur naturally. They originate from plant and animal fossils that
were formed by the forces of temperature and weight over millennia. They are
mostly found deep underground, in porous rock formations, such as sandstone,
limestone, and shale.
Porous rock formations are often found in large bodies of water, so there is an
immense quantity of hydrocarbons trapped deep beneath the oceans. Oil and
natural gas exploration companies use advanced engineering techniques to identify
these potential reservoirs and pull their resources to the surface for human use.
Examples of such technologies include offshore oil platforms, directional drilling,
and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques.
Hydrocarbons are very important for the modern economy. They are responsible for
more than 80% of global energy consumption. This figure may actually understate
the role of hydrocarbons in the economy by a significant margin because they are
used in a wide range of applications aside from their use as a source of energy. For
example, refined petroleum has been used to produce many derivative materials
that play critical roles in the global economy, such as plastics, solvents, and
lubricants.
Activity 3
CoPilot in MS Word
Global Warming
Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have
come to define Earth’s local, regional and global climates. These changes have a
broad range of observed effects that are synonymous with the term.
Changes observed in Earth’s climate since the mid-20th century are driven by
human activities, particularly fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping
greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere, raising Earth’s average surface
temperature. Natural processes, which have been overwhelmed by human
activities, can also contribute to climate change, including internal variability (e.g.,
cyclical ocean patterns like El Niño, La Niña and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation) and
external forcings (e.g., volcanic activity, changes in the Sun’s energy
output, variations in Earth’s orbit).
Scientists use observations from the ground, air, and space, along
with computer models, to monitor and study past, present, and future climate
change. Climate data records provide evidence of climate change key indicators,
such as global land and ocean temperature increases; rising sea levels; ice loss at
Earth’s poles and in mountain glaciers; frequency and severity changes in extreme
weather such as hurricanes, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, floods, and
precipitation; and cloud and vegetation cover changes.
“Climate change” and “global warming” are often used interchangeably but have
distinct meanings. Similarly, the terms "weather" and "climate" are sometimes
confused, though they refer to events with broadly different spatial- and
timescales.
What Is Global Warming?
Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s surface observed since the pre-
industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil
fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s
atmosphere. This term is not interchangeable with the term "climate change."
Since the pre-industrial period, human activities are estimated to have increased
Earth’s global average temperature by about 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees
Fahrenheit), a number that is currently increasing by more than 0.2 degrees Celsius
(0.36 degrees Fahrenheit) per decade. The current warming trend is unequivocally
the result of human activity since the 1950s and is proceeding at an unprecedented
rate over millennia.
Weather vs. Climate
“If you don’t like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes.”
- Mark Twain
Weather refers to atmospheric conditions that occur locally over short periods of
time—from minutes to hours or days. Familiar examples include rain, snow, clouds,
winds, floods, or thunderstorms.
Climate, on the other hand, refers to the long-term (usually at least 30 years)
regional or even global average of temperature, humidity, and rainfall patterns over
seasons, years, or decades.
Find Out More: A Guide to NASA’s Global Climate Change Website
This website provides a high-level overview of some of the known causes, effects
and indications of global climate change:
Evidence. Brief descriptions of some of the key scientific observations that our
planet is undergoing abrupt climate change.
Causes. A concise discussion of the primary climate change causes on our planet.
Effects. A look at some of the likely future effects of climate change, including U.S.
regional effects.
Vital Signs. Graphs and animated time series showing real-time climate change
data, including atmospheric carbon dioxide, global temperature, sea ice extent, and
ice sheet volume.
Earth Minute. This fun video series explains various Earth science topics, including
some climate change topics.

Activity 4
Case Study Document: Well Performance Analysis in the Hydrocarbon Sector
1. Introduction
Well Location and Geological Context:
The well, Well-23A , is located in the Permian Basin , a sedimentary basin in
western Texas and southeastern New Mexico known for its rich hydrocarbon
deposits. The geological formation primarily consists of limestone and dolomite,
with a mixture of shale layers. The well was drilled to a depth of 10,000 feet and
targets the Wolfcamp Shale formation, a prolific source of oil and gas.
Operational History:
Well-23A was spudded in January 2015 and began production in June 2015 . The
well has undergone multiple phases of production, including primary production
through natural reservoir pressure and secondary recovery through water flooding
initiated in 2019 . Over the years, the well has experienced fluctuations in
production rates due to changes in reservoir pressure and operational adjustments.
Objectives of the Well Performance Analysis:
- To evaluate the current performance of Well-23A by analyzing production data,
pressure readings, and temperature logs.
- To identify operational challenges impacting well performance and provide data-
driven solutions.
- To ensure compliance with applicable regulatory standards and recommend
actions to maintain or improve well efficiency.
2. Well Performance Data
Production Rates:
| Month | Oil Production (BPD) | Gas Production (MCF) | Water Production
(BPD) |
|---------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------------|
| January 2023 | 500 | 1,200 | 100 |
| February 2023 | 480 | 1,150 | 110 |
| March 2023 | 460 | 1,100 | 120 |
| April 2023 | 450 | 1,050 | 130 |
| May 2023 | 430 | 1,000 | 140 |

# Pressure Readings and Temperature Logs:

| Month | Reservoir Pressure (psi) | Bottom Hole Temperature (°F) |
|---------------|------------------------------|---------------------------------|
| January 2023 | 2,500 | 180 |
| February 2023 | 2,480 | 182 |
| March 2023 | 2,460 | 183 |
| April 2023 | 2,440 | 185 |
| May 2023 | 2,420 | 188 |

# Charts and Graphs:

- Production Rate Over Time:
- Line chart showing the trend of oil, gas, and water production over the last five
months.
- Reservoir Pressure vs. Time:
- Line chart depicting the decline in reservoir pressure over the same period.
- Bottom Hole Temperature vs. Time:
- Line chart illustrating the gradual increase in bottom hole temperature.
3. Operational Challenges
# Equipment Failures:
In March 2023 , Well-23A experienced a failure in the downhole pump, leading to
a temporary drop in production rates. The pump was replaced, and production
resumed, but the incident highlighted the need for more frequent equipment
inspections.
# Production Declines:
The well has shown a consistent decline in production rates, which is typical for
wells in this formation after initial high production periods. The decline is attributed
to decreasing reservoir pressure and increased water cut.
# Environmental Impacts:
In April 2023 , the well reported a minor spill of produced water due to a gasket
failure in the surface equipment. The spill was contained, and remediation efforts
were undertaken immediately.
# AI-Generated Insights:
- Cause of Decline: The AI analysis suggests that the decline in production is
primarily due to reservoir depletion. It recommends considering enhanced recovery
techniques, such as gas injection, to maintain production levels.
- Solution for Equipment Failures: The AI system recommends implementing a
predictive maintenance schedule based on equipment usage data to prevent future
failures.
- Environmental Impact Mitigation: AI suggests improving gasket material quality
and increasing the frequency of surface equipment inspections to prevent future
spills.
4. Compliance Requirements
# Regulatory Standards Applicable:
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Standards: Compliance with regulations
regarding air emissions, water disposal, and spill prevention.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards: Adherence to
workplace safety regulations, particularly for hazardous materials handling.
- State Oil and Gas Commission Regulations: Compliance with state-specific rules
for well operation, reporting, and environmental protection.
# Compliance Documentation Template:
Safety Checks:
- Daily inspection of surface equipment.
- Weekly inspection of downhole equipment.
- Monthly safety drills for spill containment and emergency response.
Environmental Impact Assessments:
- Quarterly assessment of water disposal methods.
- Annual air emissions testing and reporting.
- Bi-annual review of spill prevention and response plans.
Operational Audits:
- Semi-annual audit of production and injection rates.
- Annual review of equipment maintenance logs.
- Regular updates to the compliance documentation based on audit findings.
5. Conclusion and Recommendations
Generate summary and recommendation section for the document using
Copilot
Appendices

- Appendix A: Detailed Production Data

- Appendix B: Compliance Checklists
- Appendix C: AI-Generated Insights and Recommendations