Introduction to Health Research Methods A Practical Guide
3rd Edition
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
Data
Names: Jacobsen, Kathryn H., author.
Title: Introduction to health research methods /
Kathryn Jacobsen.
Description: Third edition. | Burlington, MA : Jones &
Bartlett Learning, [2021] | Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019047577 | ISBN
9781284197631 (paperback)
Subjects: MESH: Biomedical Research–methods |
Research Design
Classification: LCC R852 | NLM W 20.5 | DDC
610.72/4–dc23
LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2019047577
6048
Printed in the United States of America
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Condensed Table of
Contents
Preface
About the Author
New to This Edition
CHAPTER 1 The Health Research Process
STEP 1 Identifying a Study
Question
CHAPTER 2 Selecting a Research Question
CHAPTER 3 Reviewing the Literature
CHAPTER 4 Defining Specific Aims
CHAPTER 5 Professional Development
CHAPTER 6 Coauthoring
STEP 2 Selecting a Study Approach
CHAPTER 7 Overview of Study Designs
CHAPTER 8 Case Series
CHAPTER 9 Cross-Sectional Studies
CHAPTER 10 Case–Control Studies
CHAPTER 11 Cohort Studies
CHAPTER 12 Experimental Studies
CHAPTER 13 Qualitative Studies
CHAPTER 14 Correlational Studies
CHAPTER 15 Synthesis Research
STEP 3 Designing the Study and
Collecting Data
CHAPTER 16 Research Protocols
CHAPTER 17 Ethical Considerations
CHAPTER 18 Ethical Review and Approval
CHAPTER 19 Population Sampling
CHAPTER 20 Sample Size and Power
CHAPTER 21 Questionnaire Development
CHAPTER 22 Collecting Quantitative Data
CHAPTER 23 Collecting Qualitative Data
CHAPTER 24 Additional Assessments
CHAPTER 25 Secondary Analyses
CHAPTER 26 Systematic Reviews and
Meta-analyses
CHAPTER 27 Writing Grant Proposals
STEP 4 Analyzing Data
CHAPTER 28 Data Management
CHAPTER 29 Descriptive Statistics
CHAPTER 30 Comparative Statistics
CHAPTER 31 Regression Analysis
CHAPTER 32 Qualitative Analysis
CHAPTER 33 Additional Analysis Tools
STEP 5 Reporting Findings
CHAPTER 34 Posters and Presentations
CHAPTER 35 Article Structure
CHAPTER 36 Citing
CHAPTER 37 Critically Revising
CHAPTER 38 Writing Success Strategies
CHAPTER 39 Reasons to Publish
CHAPTER 40 Selecting Target Journals
CHAPTER 41 Manuscript Submission
CHAPTER 42 Peer Review and Publication
Glossary
Index
© DmitriyRazinkov/Shutterstock
Contents
Preface
About the Author
New to This Edition
CHAPTER 1 The Health Research Process
1.1 Clinical and Population Health Research1
1.2 The Research Process
1.3 Text Overview
STEP 1 Identifying a Study Question
CHAPTER 2 Selecting a Research Question
2.1 Practical Research
2.2 Brainstorming and Concept Mapping
2.3 Keywords
2.4 Exposures, Diseases, and Populations
(EDPs)
2.5 PICOT
2.6 From Inquiry to Research
2.7 Testable Questions
2.8 Framing for Generalizability
CHAPTER 3 Reviewing the Literature
3.1 Informal Sources
3.2 Statistical Reports
3.3 Abstract Databases
3.4 Full-Text Articles
3.5 Critical Reading
3.6 Annotated Bibliographies
3.7 What Makes Research Original?
CHAPTER 4 Defining Specific Aims
4.1 Refining the Study Question
4.2 One Study Goal
4.3 Several Specific Aims
4.4 Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks
4.5 Feasibility
CHAPTER 5 Professional Development
5.1 Research Teams
5.2 Finding Research Mentors
5.3 The Mentor–Mentee Relationship
5.4 Professional Development
5.5 Social Media and Impact Metrics
5.6 Responsible Conduct of Research
CHAPTER 6 Coauthoring
6.1 Coauthorship
6.2 Authorship Criteria
6.3 Authorship Order
6.4 Decisions About Authorship
STEP 2 Selecting a Study Approach
CHAPTER 7 Overview of Study Designs
7.1 Types of Study Approaches
7.2 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Studies
7.3 Observational and Experimental Studies
7.4 Exposure, Disease, or Population?
7.5 Study Duration
CHAPTER 8 Case Series
8.1 Overview
8.2 Case Definitions
8.3 Data Collection
8.4 Ethical Considerations
8.5 Analysis
CHAPTER 9 Cross-Sectional Studies
9.1 Overview
9.2 Representative Populations
9.3 KAP Surveys
9.4 Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys
9.5 Prevalence
CHAPTER 10 Case–Control Studies
10.1 Overview
10.2 Finding Cases and Controls
10.3 Matching
10.4 Minimizing Bias
10.5 Odds Ratios
10.6 Matched Case–Control Studies
CHAPTER 11 Cohort Studies
11.1 Overview
11.2 Prospective Cohort Studies
11.3 Retrospective Cohort Studies
11.4 Longitudinal Cohort Studies
11.5 Data Collection
11.6 Ratios, Rates, and Risk
11.7 Incidence Rates
11.8 Incidence Rate Ratios
11.9 Attributable Risk
11.10 Person–Time Analysis
CHAPTER 12 Experimental Studies
12.1 Overview
12.2 Describing the Intervention
12.3 Defining Outcomes
12.4 Selecting Controls
12.5 Blinding
12.6 Randomization
12.7 Ethical Considerations
12.8 Efficacy
12.9 Screening and Diagnostic Tests
CHAPTER 13 Qualitative Studies
13.1 Overview
13.2 Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology
13.3 Theoretical Paradigms
13.4 Qualitative Methodologies
13.5 Mixed Methods Research
CHAPTER 14 Correlational Studies
14.1 Overview
14.2 Aggregate Data
14.3 Avoiding the Ecological Fallacy
14.4 Correlation
14.5 Age Standardization
CHAPTER 15 Synthesis Research
15.1 Overview
15.2 Selecting a Topic
15.3 Library Access
15.4 Narrative Reviews
15.5 Systematic Reviews
15.6 Meta-analysis
15.7 Meta-synthesis
STEP 3 Designing the Study and
Collecting Data
CHAPTER 16 Research Protocols
16.1 Overview of Research Plans by Study
Approach
16.2 Writing a Research Protocol
16.3 Rigor and Reproducibility
16.4 Research Timelines
16.5 Roles and Responsibilities
16.6 Preparing for Data Collection
CHAPTER 17 Ethical Considerations
17.1 Foundations of Research Ethics
17.2 Respect, Beneficence, and Justice
17.3 Incentives and Coercion
