Categorized list of the Linux commands (minimal debian)

1. Package Management

2. User and Group Management

3. File and Directory Management

File and Directory Management Commands

System Information & Monitoring Commands

File and Directory Creation Commands

File Manipulation Commands

4. Process Management

5. Shell Built-in Commands

6. File Permissions & Ownership

7. Archiving and Compression

8. Networking & Host Information

9. Disk and Partition Management

10. System Information

11. Logging & Debugging

12. Text Processing

Text Processing Commands

File Content Manipulation Commands

13. Boot and Init Management

14. Conditional Statements & Loops

15. Security & Authentication

1. Package Management

apt
apt-cache
apt-cdrom
apt-config
apt-get
apt-key
apt-mark
dpkg
dpkg-deb
dpkg-divert
dpkg-fsys-usrunmess
dpkg-maintscript-helper
dpkg-preconfigure
dpkg-query
dpkg-realpath
dpkg-reconfigure
dpkg-split
dpkg-statoverride
dpkg-trigger
2. User and Group Management

add-shell
addgroup
adduser
delgroup
deluser
groupadd
groupdel
groupmems
groupmod
groups
grpck
grpconv
grpunconv
gpasswd
newgrp
newusers
passwd
pwck
pwconv
pwhistory_helper
pwunconv
useradd
userdel
usermod
users

3. File and Directory Management

Here’s a brief explanation of each command you listed:

File and Directory Management Commands

basename – Extracts the file name from a given path.

cat – Concatenates and displays the content of files.

cd – Changes the current directory.

cp – Copies files and directories.

dirname – Extracts the directory path from a given file path.

dir – Lists directory contents (similar to ls ).

ls – Lists files and directories.

System Information & Monitoring Commands

lsipc – Displays information about IPC (Inter-Process Communication) resources.

lsirq – Shows IRQ (Interrupt Request) assignments.

lslogins – Shows user account information, such as last login time.

lsmem – Displays memory block details.

lsns – Lists namespaces currently in use on the system.

File and Directory Creation Commands

mkdir – Creates a new directory.

mkfifo – Creates a named pipe (FIFO special file).

mktemp – Creates a temporary file or directory.

File Manipulation Commands

mv – Moves or renames files and directories.

pathchk – Checks if a file path is valid and portable.

pwd – Prints the current working directory.

readlink – Displays the target of a symbolic link.

realpath – Resolves and displays the absolute path of a file.

rename.ul – Renames multiple files at once (deprecated in some distros).

rm – Removes files or directories.

rmdir – Removes empty directories.

stat – Displays detailed information about a file.

touch – Creates empty files or updates timestamps of existing files.

truncate – Shrinks or extends a file to a specific size.

unlink – Deletes a file (similar to rm but only works on single files).

vdir – Lists directory contents in a detailed format (similar to ls -l ).

Would you like more details or examples for any of these? 😊

4. Process Management

bg
disown
exec
nice
nohup
renice
setsid
timeout
times
trap
wait

5. Shell Built-in Commands

!
.
:
alias
 builtin
caller
command
declare
dirs
enable
eval
exec
exit
hash
help
history
let
local
logout
mapfile
popd
pushd
readonly
return
set
shift
shopt
source
times
type
typeset
ulimit
unalias
unset

6. File Permissions & Ownership

chage
chcon
chfn
chgpasswd
chgrp
chmod
chown
chmem

7. Archiving and Compression

gzip
 gunzip
gzexe
uncompress

8. Networking & Host Information

dnsdomainname
domainname
hostname
hostid
nisdomainname

9. Disk and Partition Management

blkdiscard
blkid
blkzone
blockdev
df
du
lsblk
mount
mountpoint
resizepart
umount

10. System Information

arch
getconf
getent
id
lslogins
namei
numfmt
uname
uptime

11. Logging & Debugging

dmesg
logger
script
scriptlive
scriptreplay
12. Text Processing

Text Processing Commands

awk – A powerful text-processing tool for pattern scanning and processing. It can extract and manipulate text from structured data.

cut – Extracts specific columns or fields from lines of text. Often used for processing structured text like CSV files.

diff – Compares two files line by line and shows differences.

diff3 – Compares three files and outputs differences. Useful in version control and merging.

egrep – A variant of grep that supports extended regular expressions (same as grep -E ).
fgrep – A variant of grep that searches for fixed strings instead of regular expressions (same as grep -F ).
grep – Searches for specific patterns in a file or input using regular expressions.

File Content Manipulation Commands

head – Displays the first few lines of a file (default is 10 lines).

paste – Merges lines from multiple files into columns.

sed – A stream editor that performs text transformations, such as search and replace, on input text.

sort – Sorts lines in a file alphabetically, numerically, or based on other criteria.

tr – Translates or deletes characters in text. Often used for replacing or removing specific characters.

uniq – Filters out duplicate lines in a sorted file, showing only unique entries.

wc – Counts words, lines, characters, and bytes in a file.

13. Boot and Init Management

initctl
insserv
invoke-rc.d
service
update-alternatives
update-passwd
update-rc.d

14. Conditional Statements & Loops

case
do
done
elif
else
esac
fi
for
if
in
select
then
until
 while

15. Security & Authentication

pam-auth-update
pam_getenv
pam_namespace_helper
pam_timestamp_check
unix_chkpwd
unix_update