History revision paper:

Year Event Reason

29 March 1857 Mangal Pandey’s Revolt Mangal Pandey, a sepoy at

Barrackpore, attacked British
officers but was arrested and
hanged.

9 May 1857 Meerut Mutiny 85 sepoys refused to use

Enfield cartridges and were
imprisoned.
10 May 1857 Revolt in Meerut Sepoys broke into jail, freed
prisoners, and marched to
Delhi.
11 May 1857 Capture of Delhi Rebels declared Bahadur
Shah Zafar as the leader.

11 May 1857 Capture of Delhi Rebels declared Bahadur

Shah Zafar as the leader.

June 1857 Revolt spreads Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi,

Gwalior, Bareilly, and other
places joined the uprising.
June 1857 Nana Saheb’s Revolt Expelled the British from
Kanpur and declared himself
Peshwa.
June 1857 Begum Hazrat Mahal’s Revolt Declared her son ruler of
Awadh, led the rebellion in
Lucknow.
June 1857 Rani Lakshmibai’s Revolt Jhansi revolted; she fought
bravely against British forces.

March 1858 Fall of Lucknow British recaptured Lucknow,

rebels retreated.

June 1858 Rani Lakshmibai’s Death She was killed while fighting
the British in Gwalior.

September 1858 British Capture Delhi Bahadur Shah Zafar was

exiled to Rangoon (Burma).

1878 Arms Act & Vernacular Press Indians were banned from
Act owning weapons; press
freedom was restricted.
1885 Formation of Indian National Founded by A.O. Hume in
 Congress (INC) Bombay with 72 delegates.

1905 Partition of Bengal Viceroy Curzon divided

Bengal, leading to the
Swadeshi & Boycott
Movement.
1906 Formation of Muslim League Established in Dacca to
protect Muslim interests.

1907 Surat Split Congress split into

Moderates (Gokhale) and
Extremists (Tilak, Lajpat Rai,
Bipin Pal).
1915 Gandhi Returns to India Gandhi came back from
South Africa and started his
movement in India.
1916 Lucknow Pact Congress and Muslim League
agreed to fight for self-rule
together.
1917 Champaran Satyagraha Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in
Bihar against indigo
plantation system.
1919 Rowlatt Act & Jallianwala British passed the Rowlatt
Bagh Massacre Act, restricting freedoms;
General Dyer’s troops killed
civilians in Amritsar.
1920 Non-Cooperation Movement Gandhi launched the first
mass movement to boycott
British goods and institutions.
1922 Chauri Chaura Incident Protest turned violent; police
station burnt; Gandhi called
off the movement.
1927 Simon Commission Sent by the British without
Indian members; faced
protests.
1929 Purna Swaraj Resolution Lahore Session declared
complete independence as
the goal.
1930 Civil Disobedience Gandhi led the Dandi March
Movement & Salt March to break the salt law.

1931 Gandhi-Irwin Pact Gandhi agreed to call off the

movement in exchange for
British negotiations.
1935 Government of India Act British introduced provincial
autonomy but did not grant
 independence.

1942 Quit India Movement Gandhi’s "Do or Die" call;

British arrested thousands of
leaders.
1946 Cabinet Mission Plan British sent a mission to
discuss India’s independence.

15 August 1947 Indian Independence India became free, but was

partitioned into India and
Pakistan.

1. Important points in revolt:

Aftermath of the revolt:

1. End of East India Company Rule

 The British Parliament passed the Government of India Act (1858).

 The rule of the East India Company was ended, and the British Crown took direct
control of India.

 A Secretary of State for India was appointed to oversee governance.

 The Governor-General of India was now called the Viceroy, acting as the British
Crown’s representative.

2. Assurances to Indian Rulers

 Indian rulers were assured that their territories would not be annexed in the future.

 They were allowed to pass on their kingdoms to their heirs, including adopted sons.

 However, they had to accept the British Queen as their Supreme Ruler, making them
subordinates.

3. Reorganization of the Army

 The ratio of Indian to British soldiers was reduced to 2:1 (earlier it was 5:1).

 The British decided not to recruit soldiers from regions like Awadh, Bihar, and
Central India (which were key centres of the revolt). Instead, more soldiers were
recruited from loyal communities such as Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Pathans.
  European soldiers were increased to strengthen British control.

4. Harsh Treatment of Muslims

 Muslims were considered the main instigators of the revolt.

 Large amounts of Muslim land and property were confiscated.

 The British treated Muslims with hostility and suspicion.

5. Changes in Policies towards Indians

 The British decided to respect Indian religions and social customs to avoid further
resentment.

 Landlords and zamindars were given special protection, ensuring their loyalty to the
British.

2. Chapter national movement:

Important Points from the Chapter "Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947"

1. Early Political Associations (Before 1885)

 Nationalism grew in India due to British economic exploitation and racial

discrimination.

 Several political associations were formed in the 1870s-1880s:

o Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

o Indian Association

o Madras Mahajan Sabha

o Bombay Presidency Association

 These associations were mostly led by English-educated professionals (lawyers,

journalists, etc.).

 They demanded representation for Indians in administration and wanted India’s

resources for Indians.

2. Formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) - 1885

  The need for an all-India political organization was strongly felt after the Ilbert Bill
controversy (1883).

 Indian National Congress (INC) was founded in December 1885 in Bombay by 72

delegates.

 Key leaders:

o Dadabhai Naoroji

o Pherozeshah Mehta

o Badruddin Tyabji

o W.C. Bonnerji

o Surendranath Banerji

o A.O. Hume (a retired British officer who helped form the INC).

3. Early Congress & Moderates (1885-1905)

 The early phase of INC (1885-1905) is called the Moderate phase.

 Moderate leaders believed in petitions, meetings, and discussions to achieve self-

governance.

 Main demands of Moderates:

o Greater Indian representation in government.

o Indianisation of administration.

o Reduction in military expenditure and land revenue.

o Protection of Indian industries from British competition.

 Key Moderate Leaders:

o Dadabhai Naoroji (Economic Drain Theory)

o Gopal Krishna Gokhale

o Surendranath Banerji

4. Rise of Extremists (Radicals) (1905-1919)

 Moderates were criticized for being too soft on the British.

  Extremists like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai
demanded immediate Swaraj (self-rule).

 Partition of Bengal (1905) by Lord Curzon led to:

o Swadeshi Movement (boycott of British goods, use of Indian products).

o Rise of nationalistic newspapers like Kesari and Bande Mataram.

 INC split in 1907 (Surat Split) into Moderates and Extremists.

5. Entry of Mahatma Gandhi (1915)

 Gandhi returned from South Africa in 1915 and soon became a mass leader.

 Early movements led by Gandhi:

o Champaran Satyagraha (1917) - Peasant struggle against indigo planters in

Bihar.

o Kheda Satyagraha (1918) - Relief for farmers from high taxes in Gujarat.

o Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) - Wage hike for mill workers.

6. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre & Non-Cooperation Movement (1919-1922)

 Rowlatt Act (1919) restricted freedom of speech.

 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13 April 1919):

o General Dyer ordered troops to fire on unarmed civilians in Amritsar.

o Thousands killed, leading to nationwide anger.

 Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922):

o Boycott of British goods, schools, and offices.

o Chauri Chaura Incident (1922): Protest turned violent, police station burned.

o Gandhi called off the movement, as he was against violence.

7. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) & Salt March

 Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was declared in 1929 at the Lahore session.

 Dandi March (March 12-April 6, 1930):

o Gandhi broke the salt law by making salt at Dandi.

 o Mass protests followed all over India.

o British arrested over 90,000 people.

8. Quit India Movement (1942)

 Launched on 8 August 1942, with Gandhi’s slogan "Do or Die".

 British immediately arrested Gandhi, Nehru, Patel, and other leaders.

 Movement saw violent protests and strikes across India.

 British repression was severe – machine guns used, over 1000 killed

TEST PAPER: REVISION ON HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY

(Revolt of 1857, National Movement, Industries, Village Palampur)

🕒 Time: 1.5 Hours

📊 Maximum Marks: 50

Section A: Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark each)

(Answer in one sentence or word.)

1. Who was the last Mughal Emperor of India?

2. Name the act that ended the rule of the East India Company.

3. What was the main reason for the Partition of Bengal in 1905?

4. Which movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 to break the salt law?

5. What does HYV stand for in modern farming methods?

6. Name any one agro-based industry.

7. What does ‘Swaraj’ mean?

8. Which industry is called the "backbone of modern industry"?

9. What is the major occupation in the village Palampur?

10. In which year was the Indian National Congress founded?

(10 × 1 = 10 marks)
Section B: Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

(Answer in 2-3 sentences.)

11. Why did the sepoys refuse to use the Enfield cartridges?

12. Mention two reasons why the Revolt of 1857 failed.

13. What were the major effects of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?

14. How did the Swadeshi Movement promote Indian industries?

15. What are the two types of physical capital used in production?

16. Give two reasons why industries are located near raw material sources.

17. Name any two leaders of the Quit India Movement (1942).

18. How did the British divide Indians through the "Divide and Rule" policy?

(8 × 2 = 16 marks)

Section C: Long Answer Questions (4 marks each)

(Answer in 5-6 sentences.)

19. Explain the role of Rani Lakshmibai and Nana Saheb in the Revolt of 1857.

20. What were the major outcomes of the Government of India Act (1858)?

21. Describe the Dandi March and its significance in India’s freedom struggle.

22. What were the main factors affecting the location of industries?

23. Explain the impact of the Green Revolution on farming in Palampur.

24. Differentiate between Small Scale and Large Scale Industries with examples.

(6 × 4 = 24 marks)

Bonus Question (Optional - 2 marks)

💡 Write a slogan that could have been used during the Quit India Movement (1942).