MIGRATION

Learning obectives
Learners will learn the conditions of
migration
Learners will know the reasons of
migration
Learners will learn about immigration
and emigration
Keywords

Migration
Pull factor
Push factor
Immigrant
Emigrant
Net migration
What is migration?
Any movement across the space or between locations.In
geography most commonly applied to population
movement.It can be used to apply for daily and seasonal
movements but most usefully applied to movements
lasting longer than a year.

(This movement must have some conditions –mentioned

in the next slide)
Conditions of migration
1.Geographical location must be changed.
2.It can be within the country or outside the
country
3.The movement must last long at least for
one year.
4.It can be temporary or permanent
movement
5. It can be due to pull or push factor.
6.It can be voluntary or forced movement.
Fun facts!
Can you guess the pictures ?
Lets see what does the picute describe
 Factors affecting migration

Push factors – things that cause persons to leave their

residences. Pull factors – things that cause persons to come into
new areas.
• Availability of jobs.
• Technological advancements
• Availability of recreational
facilities
• High wages
• Political stability
• Low crime rate
• Proper infrastructure – roads,
telephone/internet, housing,
electricity etc.
• War
• Crime and violence
• Poor educational opportunities
• Limited or no jobs
• Lack of basic infrastructure –
housing, water, light, roads etc.
• Low wages/salaries.
• Limited or no recreational
facilities.
• Lack of technologies.
What can be the other term of these
terms?
Find out four comparisons between
immigration and emigration
These coins have two sides,
heads and tails. Together they
make up the whole coin. So is it
with MIGRATION.
There are two sides:
EMIGRATION and
IMMIGRATION. Together they
make up migration.
• Net Migration - Refers to the difference between
the number of immigrants and emigrants in a
country in a particular year.
Calculating net migration
• Activity:

• It was reported that about 10,000

persons emigrated from Bangladesh to
settle in Canada during the course of
last year. During that same year, the
country of Bangladesh accommodated
5,200 persons who came to settle.
Calculate the net migration.
Which country has the highest immigrants?

Although the United States is outside the top 10, it still has
by far the most immigrants of any other country (51 million
vs. 16 million in second-place Germany).
Feedback questions:
❑ Give three possible benefits to the country
that receives the immigrant.
❑ What are the problems any immigrant
might face when he or she arrives in a
new country?
❑ Define the following keywords. Try to give
one example for each with your
explanation.
• Immigration
• Emigration
 Learning objectives

Learners will learn about

• The types of migration
• Internal and international migration
Keywords
Rural-urban migration
Internal migration
International migration
Voluntary migration
Forced migration
Refugee,
Asylum Seeker
Internal Migration
Internal migration means to move within the
country temporarily or permanently. It can
be of different types but here we will focus
only on three types.
1. Rural-urban Migration
2. Seasonal Migration
3. Planned Migration
When people leave rural areas (country-sides) to go
to urban areas (towns and cities), we call that
rural to urban migration.
Seasonal and Planned migration
 International migration
International migration can be divided into two
types- voluntary and forced migration.
Voluntary migration is the free movement of migrants looking for
an improved quality of life and personal freedom.
• To be with friends and relatives
• Better climate
• To earn a higher salary.
Forced migration: When the migrant has no personal choice but
has to move due to natural disaster or to economic or social
imposition.
• Religious /political persecution
• Lack of food due to famine
• Natural disaster such as: flood, drought
 Refugee
A refugee is a displaced person who has been forced to cross
national boundaries and who cannot return home safely. A
person who has been forced to leave their country because of
escape war, persecution , violence or natural disaster.
Two-thirds of all refugees
worldwide come from just
five countries:
Syria, Afghanistan, South
Sudan, Myanmar and Somalia.
 Asylum seekers
An asylum seeker is a person who flees their home country,
enters another country and applies for asylum whose claim has
not yet been finally decided on by the country in which he or
she has submitted it. An asylum seeker is seeking international
protection.
Example: The asylum seekers of Syria, Myanmar
Feedback questions
Define the following keywords. Try to give
one example for each type of migration
with your explanation.
• Forced
• Voluntary
• Internal
• International
Keywords
Migrant
Economic Migrant
Brain Drain
Remittance
 Economic Migrant
Migrant is a person who moves from one place to another, especially in
order to find work or better living conditions.
An economic migrant is someone who emigrated from one region to
another, including crossing international borders, seeking an improved
standard of living, because the conditions or job opportunities in the
migrant's own region are insufficient.
Economic migrants include those who come with the required visas and
documentation as well as those whose status is undocumented.
 What is remittance?
When migrants send home part of their earnings in the form
of either cash or goods to support their families, these
transfers are known as migrant remittances.

“Remittance is the transfer of money by the foreign workers

to their home countries.”

Remittance has a significant role to maintain balance of

payment and to enrich foreign currency reserve. It also has a
great contribution in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the
country.
What does the following pictures describe?
Can you relate these pictures with
occupations ?
 Brain drain
Brain drain is a problem described as the
large scale migration of highly educated,
skilled and talented people of less
economically advanced countries
to highly rich and developed countries
of the world.
As a result, the following problems are
faced by the countries of origin:
• Doctors, Engineers, scientists & students leave for the
industrialized world.
• The country loses the best brains it needs for its trade and
industrial development.
• Loss of tax revenues by the home country
Mention two points for:
*Challenges a country might face due to
the rush of refugees.

*Write one positive and negative outcome

of economic migrants.

*Is brain drain a problem for Less

Economically Advanced Countries? Justify
your answer.
Positive conseuences of migration on
the receiving country
⮚ New skills are introduced into the
labour force
⮚ Creation of a multicultural society
⮚ Readily avilable labour force
Negative consequences of migration
on the receiving country
⮚ Greater pressure on the resources of the
country
⮚ Greater pressure on the social services of
the country
⮚ Social resentment towards the newly
arrived
⮚ Changes in the country’s age and gender
structure.