Community

A community is a group of people who live in the same area,

share common interests, values, or goals, and often have
relationships with each other.
It can be based on location (like a neighborhood) or shared
interests (like an online gaming group).
Focus: People and their connections.
Development
Development means growth, improvement, or progress in
something.
It can happen in many areas—like a person’s skills, a city, an
economy, or a group of people.
Community development means helping groups of people with
common interests grow, improve, and work better together.
Focus: The process of growing or improving.

Short Community development programs in Pakistan:

A) Government-Led Programs
1. Ehsaas Program
2. Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP)
3. Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF)
B) NGO-Led Programs
1. Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP)
2. Edhi Foundation
 3. The Citizens Foundation (TCF)
C) Collaborative Programs
1. Rural Support Programs Network (RSPN)
2. National Rural Support Programme (NRSP)
3. Human Development Foundation (HDF)

S What is public Discourse?

Public discourse is the way people talk about important issues in

public spaces, like debates, the media, or community events. It
allows individuals to share their opinions, discuss different
perspectives, and engage in conversations that help shape
society and decisions in a democracy.

McLuhan said that the way we communicate, like through TV or

the internet, shapes how we think and talk.
Gramsci believed that powerful groups control ideas to keep their
power and influence society's rules.
Both agreed that public discussions are important for democracy,
helping people share ideas, debate, and influence laws and
society.

L How to improve public discourse in Pakistan?

1. Promote Media Literacy: Teach people how to check if
news is true or false.
2. Encourage Open Dialogue: Create safe places where
everyone can share their views respectfully.
 3. Strengthen Freedom of Expression: Protect people’s right
to speak freely, including journalists and activists.
4. Improve Education: Raise literacy levels so more people
can join discussions with good knowledge.
5. Use Digital Platforms Wisely: Use social media for positive
and meaningful conversations.
6. Support Civil Society: Help NGOs and community groups
bring people and leaders together.
7. Encourage Participation: Make sure women, minorities,
and other groups have a voice.
8. Promote Accountability: Hold leaders responsible through
open discussions and media.
9. Enhance Local Media: Support media that covers local
problems and gives voice to small communities.
10.Foster Empathy and Understanding: Teach people to
listen to and respect different opinions.

What is Advocacy?
Advocacy simply means giving public support to an idea, cause,
or proposal. It is the act of speaking, arguing, or working in favor
of something. It is when someone speaks or acts to help others or
stand up for their rights. Simply, advocacy is when someone helps
you share your views, protect your rights, and stand up for
yourself or others.

L Types of Advocacy
Instructed advocacy: In this type of advocacy, the advocate
listens to what the person wants and helps them clearly express
their thoughts and needs. The advocate supports them in
achieving their goals.
Example: Ali needs help at work because of his disability. He tells
the advocate what he wants. The advocate helps him say it
clearly to his boss. Ali decides what he needs, and the advocate
helps him communicate it.
Non-Instructed Advocacy means when a person can’t tell the
advocate what they need (because of illness, injury, or other
reasons), the advocate finds other ways to make sure the
person's rights and choices are respected.
For example, if someone has a brain injury or is temporarily
unconscious, the advocate speaks up for them and makes sure
their decisions are not ignored.
Non-Statutory Advocacy means support for people who need
help but don't qualify for government services. These advocates
step in to assist those who don’t meet the official criteria for help.
For example, someone might not qualify for government aid, but
a non-statutory advocate can still help protect their rights and
offer support.
Self-Advocacy means a person is able to understand their
situation, make decisions about what they want, and take action
to make it happen. They can express their opinions and make
sure others listen to them.
Maya wants to change her work schedule. She understands her
needs, decides what she wants, and talks to her boss to ask for
the change. She speaks up for herself and makes sure her boss
listens to her.

L Important Key Areas of Advocacy in Pakistan

Advocacy in Pakistan works on many important issues. It focuses
on improving education for all children, making healthcare
services better, protecting human rights, creating more jobs and
growing the economy, and making sure elections and political
participation are fair.
Some Other Important Areas of Advocacy in Pakistan:
1. Human Rights
o Gender Equality: Supporting women’s rights, fighting
violence against women, and promoting equal
opportunities in education and jobs.
o Minority Rights: Protecting the rights of religious and
ethnic minorities and making sure they are represented.
2. Education
o Access to Education: Helping all children, especially
girls and rural kids, get primary and secondary
education.
o Quality of Education: Working to improve teaching,
teacher training, and school materials.
3. Health
o Public Health Campaigns: Promoting better health for
mothers and children, vaccination programs, and
fighting diseases.
 o Healthcare Access: Asking for better hospitals, clinics,
and health services, especially in poor areas.
4. Environment
o Climate Change: Spreading awareness and asking for
actions to protect the environment and use resources
wisely.
o Pollution Control: Fighting against air, water, and land
pollution through better rules and public awareness.
5. Governance and Democracy:
o Anti-Corruption: Working to make government actions open
and honest, and reduce corruption in government
institutions.
o Electoral Reforms: Running campaigns to ensure elections
are fair and free, and teaching people about voting.
Conclusion:
Advocacy in Pakistan focuses on solving social, economic, and
political problems by improving education, healthcare, human
rights, economic growth, and fair political participation. These
efforts aim to make Pakistan a fairer and better place for
everyone.

What is Cyber ethics?

Cyber ethics means the rules for using computers and the internet
in a good and respectful way. It teaches us how to behave
properly online, just like we behave nicely in real life.
It tells users to be polite, honest, and responsible when they are
using computers or the internet.
Cyber ethics helps protect people’s moral values, money, and
social behavior. It encourages everyone to use the internet safely
and sensibly.

Short Principles of Cyber Ethics Only Name

1. Privacy: Keeping people's personal information safe.
2. Security: Protecting computers and information from harm.
3. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): Respecting others'
work, like music, videos, or ideas.
4. Accuracy: Sharing true and correct information online.
5. Accountability: Taking responsibility for your actions on the
internet.
6. Access: Giving everyone a fair chance to use technology.
7. Digital Citizenship: Behaving kindly and responsibly online.
8. Transparency: Being clear and open about how information
is used.
9. Freedom of Expression: Allowing people to share their
ideas and opinions online.
10. Ethical Use of Technology: Using technology in a
good and responsible way.
Inclusion in society

Inclusion means making sure everyone, no matter who they are

or where they come from, feels welcome, respected, and able to
take part in all parts of society. It means giving everyone the
same opportunities and making sure their voices are heard.
Inclusion is about breaking down any barriers that stop people
from fully participating and making sure everyone is treated fairly.
It helps create a community where diversity is celebrated, and
everyone feels they belong.