CHAPTER VII.
INTRODUCTION TO
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
(LAB)
Objectives
At the end of the chapter the students should be able to:
• Use JASP to conduct the following tests
• Shapiro-Wilk test for normality
• -test for a mean
• -test for a mean
• Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test for a mean
• Interpret the results in APA format
Outline
A. Testing for Normality Using Shapiro-Wilk Test
B. One-Sample -Test for a Mean
C. One-Sample -Test for a Mean
D. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for a Mean
A. Testing for Normality
Using Shapiro-Wilk Test
Shapiro-Wilk Test
• One of the most popular tests for normality assumption
diagnostics which has good properties of power and is
based on correlation within given observations and
associated normal scores.
• Hypotheses
• : The sample data follows a normal distribution.
• : The sample data does not follow a normal
• Decision Rule: If 𝑃-value , Reject . Otherwise, do not
distribution.
reject .
• Thus, if -value > , the data set is normally distributed.
Shapiro-Wilk Test
• Steps in conducting Shapiro-Wilk Test along one-
sample tests using JASP
1. Click “T-Tests” -> “Classical” -> “One-Sample T-Test”
2. Under “Assumption checks”, tick “Normality”
3. If -value > , the data set is normally distributed.
B. One-Sample Test for a
Mean using JASP
One-Sample Test for a Mean
• Steps in conducting Shapiro-Wilk Test along one-
sample tests using JASP
1. Click “T-Tests” -> “Classical” -> “One-Sample T-Test”
2. Under “Tests”, tick “Z Test” and input test value and std.
deviation
Test value in this case is the population parameter and not
the test statistic.
3. Select Appropriate Alternative Hypothesis. (>, <, )
4. Under “Additional Statistics” tick “descriptives”
5. Under “Plots”, tick “Descriptive plots”
Write Up
• In a write up, discuss the following:
• Introduction of the Variable with Sample Size
• Type of Test
• Mean and SD (or Median and IQR) of the samples
• Mean and/or SD (or Median and/or IQR) of the population
• Result (statistically or not statistically significant) and alpha
level
• Test statistic, p value
• z = (test statistic), p = (p value)
• Example: z = -1.581, p = .057
• t(df) = (test statistic), p = (p value)
• Example: t(11) = -0.290, p = .389
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, ten males of ages 25-
34 years old adopted a vegetarian diet for two months. During the
diet, the average daily intake of linoleic acid was 13 grams. The
average daily intake among 25-34 year-old males in the general
population is 15 grams with standard deviation of 4 grams. (Use
“7A – Linoleic Acid” for this problem.)
a. Test the normality of the data set using Shapiro-Wilk Test.
b. Use the P-Value method to test the hypothesis () that the intake
of linoleic acid in this group is lower than that in the general
population. Conduct the test in JASP.
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Shapiro-Wilk Test
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted
a vegetarian diet for two months. During
the diet, the average daily intake of linoleic 1. Click “T-Tests” ->
acid was 13 grams. The average daily
“Classical” -> “One-
Sample T-Test”
intake among 25-34 year-old males in the
general population is 15 grams with 2. Under “Assumption
standard deviation of 4 grams. (Use “Ch7 checks”, tick
Datasets” for this problem.) “Normality”
a. Test the normality of the data set using
Shapiro-Wilk Test.
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Shapiro-Wilk Test
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted
a vegetarian diet for two months. During
the diet, the average daily intake of linoleic
acid was 13 grams. The average daily
intake among 25-34 year-old males in the
general population is 15 grams with
standard deviation of 4 grams. (Use “Ch7
Datasets” for this problem.) The dataset is
a. Test the normality of the data set using normally distributed.
Shapiro-Wilk Test.
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Step 1: State the Null
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted a and Alternative
vegetarian diet for two months. During the Hypothesis
Symboli Statement
diet, the average daily intake of linoleic acid c Form
was 13 grams. The average daily intake The intake of linoleic
(or ) acid is not less than
among 25-34 year-old males in the general 15 g.
population is 15 grams with standard
The intake of linoleic
deviation of 4 grams. (Use “7A – Linoleic acid is less than 15 g.
Acid” for this problem.) (claim)
b. Use the P-Value method to test the
hypothesis () that the intake of linoleic
acid in this group is lower than that in the
general population. Conduct the test in
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Step 2: Select
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted a Significance Level
vegetarian diet for two months. During the
diet, the average daily intake of linoleic acid
was 13 grams. The average daily intake
among 25-34 year-old males in the general
population is 15 grams with standard
deviation of 4 grams. (Use “7A – Linoleic
Acid” for this problem.)
b. Use the P-Value method to test the
hypothesis () that the intake of linoleic
acid in this group is lower than that in the
general population. Conduct the test in
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Step 3: Choose the
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted a Appropriate Statistical
vegetarian diet for two months. During the Test
diet, the average daily intake of linoleic acid
was 13 grams. The average daily intake
among 25-34 year-old males in the general One-Sample Test for a
population is 15 grams with standard Mean
deviation of 4 grams. (Use “7A – Linoleic (left-tailed)
Acid” for this problem.)
b. Use the P-Value method to test the
hypothesis () that the intake of linoleic
acid in this group is lower than that in the
general population. Conduct the test in
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Step 4: Calculate
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted a Values
vegetarian diet for two months. During the 1. Click “T-Tests” ->
diet, the average daily intake of linoleic acid “Classical” -> “One-
was 13 grams. The average daily intake Sample T-Test”
among 25-34 year-old males in the general 2. Drag Linoleic Acid into
population is 15 grams with standard the “Variables” box.
deviation of 4 grams. (Use “7A – Linoleic
3. Under Tests, tick “Z
Acid” for this problem.) Test” and input the
b. Use the P-Value method to test the Test value 15 and Std.
hypothesis () that the intake of linoleic deviation 4. (Note: Test
acid in this group is lower than that in the value in this case is
general population. Conduct the test in not the test statistic)
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Step 4: Calculate
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted a Values
vegetarian diet for two months. During the 4. Under Alternative
diet, the average daily intake of linoleic acid Hypothesis, tick “<
was 13 grams. The average daily intake Test value”.
among 25-34 year-old males in the general 5. Under Additional
population is 15 grams with standard Statistics and Plots,
deviation of 4 grams. (Use “7A – Linoleic tick the ff,.:
Acid” for this problem.) • Descriptives
b. Use the P-Value method to test the • Descriptives plots 95%
hypothesis () that the intake of linoleic
acid in this group is lower than that in the
general population. Conduct the test in
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Step 4: Calculate
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted a Values
vegetarian diet for two months. During the
diet, the average daily intake of linoleic acid
was 13 grams. The average daily intake
among 25-34 year-old males in the general
population is 15 grams with standard
deviation of 4 grams. (Use “7A – Linoleic
Acid” for this problem.)
b. Use the P-Value method to test the
hypothesis () that the intake of linoleic
acid in this group is lower than that in the
general population. Conduct the test in
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Step 4: Calculate
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted a Values
vegetarian diet for two months. During the
diet, the average daily intake of linoleic acid
was 13 grams. The average daily intake
among 25-34 year-old males in the general
population is 15 grams with standard
deviation of 4 grams. (Use “7A – Linoleic
Acid” for this problem.)
b. Use the P-Value method to test the
hypothesis () that the intake of linoleic
acid in this group is lower than that in the
general population. Conduct the test in
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Step 5: Make a
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted a Decision
vegetarian diet for two months. During the Decision Rule :
diet, the average daily intake of linoleic acid
was 13 grams. The average daily intake If , reject . Otherwise,
among 25-34 year-old males in the general do not reject.
population is 15 grams with standard (If the p is low, the null
deviation of 4 grams. (Use “7A – Linoleic must go.)
Acid” for this problem.)
b. Use the P-Value method to test the
hypothesis () that the intake of linoleic Decision:
acid in this group is lower than that in the Do not reject .
general population. Conduct the test in
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.1.: As part of a dietary program, Step 6: Conclusion
ten males of ages 25-34 years old adopted a
vegetarian diet for two months. During the
diet, the average daily intake of linoleic acid
was 13 grams. The average daily intake
among 25-34 year-old males in the general
There is not enough
population is 15 grams with standard evidence to support the
deviation of 4 grams. (Use “7A – Linoleic claim that the average
Acid” for this problem.) daily intake among 25-
b. Use the P-Value method to test the 34 y.o. males adopting a
hypothesis () that the intake of linoleic vegetarian diet is lower
acid in this group is lower than that in the than 15g of linoleic acid.
general population. Conduct the test in
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Write Up
A sample of ten males ages 25-34 adopted a vegetarian
diet for two months to test whether their linoleic acid is lower
than that of the general population. Based on findings from a
one-sample z-test at = .05, the linoleic acid of the 25-34 y.o.
males adopting a vegetarian diet (M = 13, SD = 4) was not
statistically significantly lower than the males of the same age
group in the general population (M = 15, SD = 4), z = -1.581, p
= .057.
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that the average time for a
drug to take effect is 15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents, the average time was 18
minutes. Using , test the claim of a pediatrician that the average
time for a drug to take effect is equal to 15 minutes. (Use “7B –
Drug Effect Time” for this problem)
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that the average time for a
drug to take effect is 15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents, the average time was 18
minutes. Using , test the claim of a pediatrician that the average
time for a drug to take effect is equal to 15 minutes. (Use “7B –
Drug Effect Time” for this problem)
Test for Normality Assumption:
• Click “T-Tests” -> “Classical” -> “One Sample T-Test”
• Under “Assumption checks” tick “Normality”
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that the average time for a
drug to take effect is 15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents, the average time was 18
minutes. Using , test the claim of a pediatrician that the average
time for a drug to take effect is equal to 15 minutes. (Use “7B –
Drug Effect Time” for this problem)
Test for Normality Assumption:
• Decision Rule: If p > , the data set is normally-distributed
• Conclusion:
The dataset is normally distributed (W =0.976, p = .423)
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that Step 1: State the Null
the average time for a drug to take effect is and Alternative
15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8 Hypothesis
Symboli Statement
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents, c Form
the average time was 18 minutes. Using , The average time for
the drug to take
test the claim of a pediatrician that the effect is 15 minutes.
average time for a drug to take effect is (claim)
equal to 15 minutes. The average time for
the drug to take
effect is not 15
minutes.
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that Step 2: Select
the average time for a drug to take effect is Significance Level
15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents,
the average time was 18 minutes. Using ,
test the claim of a pediatrician that the
average time for a drug to take effect is
equal to 15 minutes.
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that Step 3: Choose the
the average time for a drug to take effect is Appropriate Statistical
15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8 Test
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents,
the average time was 18 minutes. Using ,
One-Sample Test for a
test the claim of a pediatrician that the
Mean
average time for a drug to take effect is
equal to 15 minutes. (two-tailed)
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that Step 4: Calculate
the average time for a drug to take effect is Values
15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8 1. Click “T-Tests” ->
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents, “Classical” -> “One-
the average time was 18 minutes. Using , Sample T-Test”
test the claim of a pediatrician that the 2. Put the Effect Time
average time for a drug to take effect is (min) inside
equal to 15 minutes. “Variables”
3. Under Tests, tick “Z
Test” and input the
Test value 15 and Std.
deviation 8. (Note: Test
value in this case is
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that Step 4: Calculate
the average time for a drug to take effect is Values
15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8 4. Under Alternative
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents, Hypothesis, tick “ Test
the average time was 18 minutes. Using , value”.
test the claim of a pediatrician that the 5. Under Additional
average time for a drug to take effect is Statistics and Plots,
equal to 15 minutes. tick the ff,.:
• Descriptives
• Descriptives plots 99%
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that Step 4: Calculate
the average time for a drug to take effect is Values
15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents,
the average time was 18 minutes. Using ,
test the claim of a pediatrician that the
average time for a drug to take effect is
equal to 15 minutes.
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that Step 4: Calculate
the average time for a drug to take effect is Values
15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents,
the average time was 18 minutes. Using ,
test the claim of a pediatrician that the
average time for a drug to take effect is
equal to 15 minutes.
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that Step 5: Make a
the average time for a drug to take effect is Decision
15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8 Decision Rule :
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents,
the average time was 18 minutes. Using ,
If , reject . Otherwise,
do not reject.
test the claim of a pediatrician that the
average time for a drug to take effect is (If the p is low, the null
equal to 15 minutes. must go.)
Decision:
Reject .
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.2.: A pediatrician claimed that Step 6: Conclusion
the average time for a drug to take effect is
15 minutes with a standard deviation of 8
minutes. In a sample of 49 respondents,
the average time was 18 minutes. Using ,
test the claim of a pediatrician that the There is enough
average time for a drug to take effect is evidence to reject the
equal to 15 minutes. claim that the average
time for a drug to take
effect is 15 minutes.
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Write Up:
A drug was administered to 49 respondents to test
whether the average time for the drug to take effect is 15
minutes. A one-sample z test was conducted and shows that at
1% level of significance, the effect time of the drug (M = 18.00,
SD = 8.01) is significantly different from 15 minutes, z = 2.625,
p = .009.
C. One-Sample Test for a
Mean using JASP
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times of sleep for randomly
selected adult subjects, and those times (hours) are listed below. A
common recommendation is that adults should sleep between 7
hours and 9 hours each night. Use the P value method with a 0.05
significance level to test the claim that the mean amount of sleep
for adults is less than 7 hours.
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7 7 10 7 8
(Use “7C – Hours of Sleep” for this problem)
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times of sleep for randomly
selected adult subjects, and those times (hours) are listed below. A
common recommendation is that adults should sleep between 7
hours and 9 hours each night. Use the P value method with a 0.05
significance level to test the claim that the mean amount of sleep
for adults is less than 7 hours.
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7 7 10 7 8
(Use “7C – Hours of Sleep” for this problem)
Test for Normality Assumption:
• Click “T-Tests” -> “Classical” -> “One Sample T-Test”
• Under “Assumption checks” tick “Normality”
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times of sleep for randomly
selected adult subjects, and those times (hours) are listed below. A
common recommendation is that adults should sleep between 7
hours and 9 hours each night. Use the P value method with a 0.05
significance level to test the claim that the mean amount of sleep
for adults is less than 7 hours.
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7 7 10 7 8
(Use “7C – Hours of Sleep” for this problem)
Test for Normality Assumption:
• Conclusion:
The data set is normally distributed (W = 0.908, p = .199)
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times Step 1: State the Null
of sleep for randomly selected adult and Alternative
subjects, and those times (hours) are listed Hypothesis
Symboli Statement
below. A common recommendation is that c Form
adults should sleep between 7 hours and 9 The mean amount of
sleep for adults is not
hours each night. Use the P value method less than 7 hrs.
with a 0.05 significance level to test the The mean amount of
claim that the mean amount of sleep for sleep for adults is
less than 7 hrs.
adults is less than 7 hours. (claim)
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7
7 10 7 8
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times Step 2: Select
of sleep for randomly selected adult Significance Level
subjects, and those times (hours) are listed
below. A common recommendation is that
adults should sleep between 7 hours and 9
hours each night. Use the P value method
with a 0.05 significance level to test the
claim that the mean amount of sleep for
adults is less than 7 hours.
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7
7 10 7 8
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times Step 3: Choose the
of sleep for randomly selected adult Appropriate Statistical
subjects, and those times (hours) are listed Test
below. A common recommendation is that
adults should sleep between 7 hours and 9
One-Sample Test for a
hours each night. Use the P value method
Mean
with a 0.05 significance level to test the
claim that the mean amount of sleep for (left-tailed)
adults is less than 7 hours.
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7
7 10 7 8
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times Step 4: Calculate
of sleep for randomly selected adult Values
subjects, and those times (hours) are listed 1. Click “T-Tests” ->
below. A common recommendation is that “Classical” -> “One-
adults should sleep between 7 hours and 9 Sample T-Test”
hours each night. Use the P value method 2. Drag Hours of Sleep
with a 0.05 significance level to test the into the “Variables”
claim that the mean amount of sleep for box
adults is less than 7 hours. 3. Under Tests, tick
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7 “Student” and input
7 10 7 8 the Test value 7. (Note:
Test value in this case
is not the test statistic)
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times Step 4: Calculate
of sleep for randomly selected adult Values
subjects, and those times (hours) are listed 4. Under Alternative
below. A common recommendation is that Hypothesis, tick “<
adults should sleep between 7 hours and 9 Test value”.
hours each night. Use the P value method 5. Under Additional
with a 0.05 significance level to test the Statistics and Plots,
claim that the mean amount of sleep for tick the ff,.:
adults is less than 7 hours. • Descriptives
• Descriptives plots 95%
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7
7 10 7 8
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times Step 4: Calculate
of sleep for randomly selected adult Values
subjects, and those times (hours) are listed
below. A common recommendation is that
adults should sleep between 7 hours and 9
hours each night. Use the P value method
with a 0.05 significance level to test the
claim that the mean amount of sleep for
adults is less than 7 hours.
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7
7 10 7 8
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times Step 4: Calculate
of sleep for randomly selected adult Values
subjects, and those times (hours) are listed
below. A common recommendation is that
adults should sleep between 7 hours and 9
hours each night. Use the P value method
with a 0.05 significance level to test the
claim that the mean amount of sleep for
adults is less than 7 hours.
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7
7 10 7 8
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times Step 5: Make a
of sleep for randomly selected adult Decision
subjects, and those times (hours) are listed Decision Rule :
below. A common recommendation is that
adults should sleep between 7 hours and 9
If , reject . Otherwise,
do not reject.
hours each night. Use the P value method
with a 0.05 significance level to test the (If the p is low, the null
claim that the mean amount of sleep for must go.)
adults is less than 7 hours.
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7
Decision:
7 10 7 8
Do not reject .
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Example 2.3.: Researchers obtained times Step 6: Conclusion
of sleep for randomly selected adult
subjects, and those times (hours) are listed
below. A common recommendation is that
adults should sleep between 7 hours and 9
hours each night. Use the P value method There is not enough
with a 0.05 significance level to test the evidence to support
claim that the mean amount of sleep for the claim that the
adults is less than 7 hours. mean amount of sleep
4 8 4 4 8 6 9 7 for adults is less than 7
7 10 7 8 hours.
One-Sample Test for a Mean
Write Up (APA Format)
A one-sample t test was conducted to see if the adults
have mean sleep time less than 7 hours. A random sample of
12 adults were selected and has a mean sleep time of 6.83
hours (SD = 1.99). At 5% level of significance, the results is not
significantly lower than 7 hours, t(11) = -0.290, p = .389.
C. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank
Test
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
• One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test is the
nonparametric counterpart of the One-Sample z- and
t-tests for a Mean.
• It is used to test the hypothesis about the median of
a population.
• Assumptions:
• The sample is drawn randomly from the interest
population
• The data should not be normally distributed and is
in small sample size (n < 30).
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
• To conduct One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed-Rank in
JASP:
1. Click “T-Tests” -> “Classical” -> “One-Sample T-
Test”
2. Under Tests, tick “Wilcoxon signed-rank”
3. Input the population parameter and appropriate
alternative hypothesis
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Data Set 7D “IQ and
Brain Size” and test the claim that they are from a population with
a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05 significance level.
Test for Normality Assumption
• Decision Rule: If p , the data set is normally distributed.
• Conclusion:
The data set is not normally distributed (W = 0.885, p = 0.022).
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Step 1: State the Null
Data Set 7D “IQ and Brain Size” and test and Alternative
the claim that they are from a population Hypothesis
Symboli Statement
with a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05 c Form
significance level. The subjects come
from a population
with a median IQ
score of 100 (claim).
The subjects do not
come from a
population with a
median IQ score of
100.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Step 2: Select
Data Set 7D “IQ and Brain Size” and test Significance Level
the claim that they are from a population
with a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05
significance level.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Step 3: Choose the
Data Set 7D “IQ and Brain Size” and test Appropriate Statistical
the claim that they are from a population Test
with a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05
significance level.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank
Test
(two-tailed)
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Step 4: Calculate
Data Set 7D “IQ and Brain Size” and test Values
the claim that they are from a population 1. Click “T-Tests” ->
with a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05 “Classical” -> “One-
significance level. Sample T-Test”
2. Drag Hours of Sleep
into the “Variables”
box
3. Under Tests, tick
“Wilcoxon signed-
rank” and input the
Test value 100. (Note:
Test value in this case
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Step 4: Calculate
Data Set 7D “IQ and Brain Size” and test Values
the claim that they are from a population 4. Under Alternative
with a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05 Hypothesis, tick “ Test
significance level. value”.
5. Under Additional
Statistics and Plots,
tick the ff,.:
• Descriptives
• Descriptives plots 95%
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Step 4: Calculate
Data Set 7D “IQ and Brain Size” and test Values
the claim that they are from a population
with a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05
significance level.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Step 4: Calculate
Data Set 7D “IQ and Brain Size” and test Values
the claim that they are from a population
with a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05
significance level.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Step 5: Make a
Data Set 7D “IQ and Brain Size” and test Decision
the claim that they are from a population Decision Rule :
with a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05
significance level.
If , reject . Otherwise,
do not reject.
(If the p is low, the null
must go.)
Decision:
Do not reject .
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Step 6: Conclusion
Data Set 7D “IQ and Brain Size” and test
the claim that they are from a population
with a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05
significance level.
There is not enough
evidence to reject the
claim that the subjects
come from a
population with a
median IQ score of
100.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Example 3: Use the 20 IQ scores listed in Step 6: Conclusion
Data Set 7D “IQ and Brain Size” and test
the claim that they are from a population
with a median IQ score of 100. Use a 0.05
significance level.
Until stronger evidence
is obtained, continue
to assume that the
subjects are from a
population with a 100
IQ score.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Write Up
Using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the 20 subjects do not follow a
normal distribution at (W = 0.885, p = .022). A Wilcoxon
signed-rank test was conducted to see if these subjects come
from a population with a median IQ score of 100. The results
suggest at that these subjects (Mdn = 96.50, IQR = 13.50)
come from a population with a median IQ score of 100, V =
98.00, p = .808.
End of discussion
References and Further Readings
• https://www.socscistatistics.com/tutorials/ttest/defaul
t.aspx
• https://psych.uw.edu/storage/writing_center/stats.pdf
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_v36sXj8xQ
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHKL6RwSLJ4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mW1Xyv6A7E
