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Class_9_Science_Chapter_2_Notes

Chapter 2 discusses the nature of matter, distinguishing between pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous). It outlines properties of mixtures, methods for their separation, and explains solutions, suspensions, and colloids. The chapter emphasizes that most matter around us is a mixture and highlights the importance of understanding these concepts in everyday life.

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9 views2 pages

Class_9_Science_Chapter_2_Notes

Chapter 2 discusses the nature of matter, distinguishing between pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous). It outlines properties of mixtures, methods for their separation, and explains solutions, suspensions, and colloids. The chapter emphasizes that most matter around us is a mixture and highlights the importance of understanding these concepts in everyday life.

Uploaded by

missilegamer98
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 9 Science - Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure?

Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure?

1. Introduction:

- Matter can be pure or impure.

- Pure substances have uniform composition; impure substances are mixtures.

2. Types of Substances:

a) Pure Substances: Consist of only one kind of particles (elements or compounds).

- Elements: Made of one kind of atom (e.g., oxygen, iron).

- Compounds: Made of two or more elements chemically combined (e.g., water, CO2).

b) Mixtures: Combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

- Homogeneous: Uniform composition (e.g., salt solution).

- Heterogeneous: Non-uniform composition (e.g., sand and iron filings).

3. Properties of Mixtures:

- No fixed melting or boiling point.

- Can be separated by physical methods.

- Components retain their properties.

4. Separation of Mixtures:

- Evaporation: To separate a volatile component from a non-volatile component.

- Centrifugation: To separate heavier and lighter components using centrifugal force.

- Filtration: To separate insoluble solids from liquids.

- Sublimation: To separate sublimable substances from non-sublimable ones.


- Chromatography: To separate different dissolved components of a mixture.

- Distillation: To separate components with different boiling points.

- Fractional Distillation: To separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquids.

- Using Separating Funnel: To separate immiscible liquids.

5. Solutions:

- Homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances.

- Solute: The substance that dissolves.

- Solvent: The substance in which solute dissolves.

- Properties: Stable, particles do not settle, cannot be filtered.

6. Concentration of a Solution:

- Concentrated and dilute solutions.

- Formula: Concentration = (Mass of solute / Volume of solution) x 100

7. Suspensions:

- Heterogeneous mixtures where particles are visible and settle down.

- Can be filtered.

8. Colloids:

- Heterogeneous mixtures that appear homogeneous.

- Particles do not settle and cannot be seen by naked eye.

- Show Tyndall effect.

9. Conclusion:

- Matter around us is mostly a mixture.

- Understanding of mixtures and their separation is essential in daily life.

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