Fundamentals

eJAMF

Issue: 1JUN2012
17.08.2012
Author: KeK

Module 11.15 For Training Purposes Only

E LTT 2006

Oxygen

ATA 35

EASA Part-66
B1

EJAMF_M11.15_B1_E
Training Manual

For training purposes and internal use only.

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Lufthansa Technical Training
OXYGEN FUNDAMENTALS

OXYGEN
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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INTRODUCTION
BREATHING AIR AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES
Today modern aircraft fly at high altitudes.
This is the most economic method.
Human beings, on the other hand, are designed to live on the ground.
The international standard atmosphere is measured at sea level with
S a temperature of 15° Celcius and
S air pressure of 1013.25 hecto pascal.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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altitudes/A/B1
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Figure 1 International Standard Atmosphere

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Breathing air at different altitudes cont.

Air consists of
S about 78% nitrogen, shown here as grey circles,
S 21% oxygen, the dark circles, and
S 1% inert gases, the white circles.
As the altitude increases the air pressure decreases and so does the density of
air. The volume you breath stays the same but at about 18,000 feet the amount
of usable oxygen has halved.
At this altitude you would have trouble staying alive. At 33,000 feet the amount
of usable oxygen you inhale is about a quarter of that at sea level.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 2 Density of Air

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HUMAN REACTION TO CABIN PRESSURE LOSS

Because of these flight levels modern aircraft have to pressurize their cabins.
Otherwise we would all have to wear space suits when flying.
When the aircraft is cruising the cabin pressure is maintained at about 8,000
feet.
But loss of cabin pressure may occur.
Let’s have a look at how long you would survive in such conditions without
additional oxygen.
S Up to about 10,000 feet humans can compensate for the lack of oxygen by
breathing faster.
S At about 14,000 feet the first effects of altitude will show, such as
exhaustion and sleepiness.
S Between about 15,000 and 20,000 feet is the zone of incomplete
compensation. Here we would suffer loss of concentration, partial memory
loss and feel a sense of well being. After some time our muscles would
ache and we would suffer a loss of judgement.
Above the critical threshold we become unconscious after a certain time. The
greater the altitude the less time it takes.
For instance if a rapid decompression should occur at 40,000 feet it would
take about 15 seconds.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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loss/A/B1
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Figure 3 Effects of Altitude

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CHARACTERISTICS OF OXYGEN
We know that aircraft fly high above the earth. The air temperature is different
up there than it is at ground level.
You can guess that at very low temperatures any moisture in our oxygen would
freeze.
There are a number of different types of oxygen and only 1 is suitable for use
in aircraft.
Aviators breathing oxygen is used on aircraft because it is very dry.
Medical oxygen is never used on aircraft as it contains water droplets and
would therefore freeze.
Technical oxygen should never be used for breathing as it is contaminated.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 4 Characteristics of Oxygen

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0XYGEN SAFETY RULES

Another aspect of oxygen is its danger.
Oxygen is an invisible, odourless, and non−inflammable gas.
But if the concentration of oxygen increases, things can easily go up in flames.
If an oxygen fire occurs then it is very difficult to put out.
So make sure you follow your companies safety instructions.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 5 Oxygen Safety Rules

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Oxygen Safety Rules cont.

Here are a few basic pointers to bear in mind when working with oxygen.
Firstly, move all valves slowly, especially when you open the bottle valve and
the line is empty.
The released oxygen rushes along the empty tube and pressure builds up
when a closed valve is encountered.
The energy in the pressure converts to heat.
If the pressure continues more heat is produced at the closed valve.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 6 Oxygen Safety Rules II

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Oxygen Safety Rules cont.

Too much heat in an oxygen line will cause an explosion resulting in a lot of
mess.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 7 Oxygen Safety Rules III

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Oxygen Safety Rules cont.

Another tip before working on the oxygen system is to wash your hands.
Make sure all the tools and parts you uses are clean and oil free.
Under normal conditions oil, grease and other hydrocarbons are inflammable.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 8 Oxygen Safety Rules IV

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Oxygen Safety Rules cont.

Release some oxygen into the oil to see what happens.
The mixture is explosive and very messy.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 9 Oxygen Safety Rules V

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CREW OXYGEN SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
The crew oxygen system supplies only the cockpit crew with oxygen. It is
always available.
The crew oxygen system consists of 1 or more high pressure oxygen bottles.
These are stored in the lower deck, either in the avionics compartment or in the
cargo compartment.
Attached to each bottle is a pressure regulator.
The pressure regulator feeds oxygen into the distribution components.
The oxygen passes through a diluter demand regulator and then into the
mask.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 10 Crew Oxygen System

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OXYGEN BOTTLES
Oxygen is stored in cylinders known as the oxygen bottles.
There may be 1 or more bottles for the cockpit crew.
The oxygen bottles are stored in the lower deck. On this 747 they are stored in
the cargo compartment.
The bottles are usually made of steel alloy or a composite material called
Kevlar.
The color of the bottles is dark green.
At normal temperature pressure dry (n.t-p.d), which is measured at 21° C, each
bottle has a maximum capacity of 3200 l, of oxygen.
This is stored at a pressure up to 1850 psi.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 11 Oxygen Cylinders

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Oxygen Bottles cont.

Now we’ll take a closer look at the cylinder head.
Each oxygen bottle has a slow−opening shut off valve which opens or closes
the bottle. The valve should either be fully open or fully closed.
A safety device, which is a disk, bursts before pressure reaches a value that
could damage the cylinder itself or other components.
The direct reading pressure gage indicates the actual bottle pressure.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 12 Cylinder Head

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BOTTLE PRESSURE
When you know the actual oxygen bottle pressure and temperature you can
work out how full the bottle is.
You do this by referring to a chart, usually found near the bottles.
The horizontal lines on the chart represent the indicated bottle pressure.
The vertical lines represent the actual bottle temperature in degrees celsius
and degrees fahrenheit.
The diagonal lines show what the bottle pressure would be if bottle temperature
is at n.t.p.d.
This indicates how full the bottle is.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 13 Fill Chart

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Bottle Pressure cont.

The chart is also used to find the maximum pressure for refilling the bottles.
The maximum pressure is 1850 psi at n.t.p.d.
You can find the maximum pressure for refilling the bottle by following the
horizontal line to the left of this intersection and reading the scale.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 14 Bottle Pressure Determination

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OVERPRESSURE DISCHARGE
If the temperature or pressure gets too high the safety disk will burst.
This will occur at about 2600 p.s.i. and will prevent major damage to the
oxygen components.
To prevent oxygen gas building up in the bottle storage area, the safety outlet
is connected to an overboard discharge line.
This line ends in a port at the aircraft skin. A green plastic disk ruptures if a
bottles safety device opens.
There can be more than 10 oxygen bottles including the passenger system,
and each is connected to the same discharge line. If the green disk fractures,
each bottle gage must be read to find out which 1 triggered the discharge.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 15 Safety Disk/Device

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BOTTLE FILLING
If the gage on a bottle reads less than 50 psi the bottle must not be refilled as
moisture may have entered the cylinder.
The bottle should be removed to the workshop.
It is possible to refill the oxygen bottles in situ. This should only be undertaken
if the pressure in the bottle is greater than 50 p.s.i.
A bottle is refilled via the filler port and the filler line.
Check valves are found in the filler line.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 16 Fill System

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bottle filling cont.

A pressure indicator gage is found near the filler port.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 17 Pressure Indicator Gage

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Bottle Filling cont.

While refilling the bottles there is a danger of heat concentration.
Some aircraft are equipped with a thermal compensator which distributes the
heat through something like a brush with a very large surface area.
The thermal compensator is 1 unit.
Make sure you don’t disconnect the compensator B−nuts. If you do, the whole
unit must be replaced.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 18 Thermal Compensator

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OXYGEN BOTTLE SUMMARY

All the components you have just encountered are here on this oxygen bottle,
S the manual slow opening shut off valve,
S the direct reading gage,
S the thermal compensator connected to the filling line
S and the overpressure burst disk and overboard line, which ends at the
aircraft skin.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 19 Thermal Compensator

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DISTRIBUTION
The oxygen is transported to the cockpit via lines and manifolds.
Here it is made available via valves and pressure reducing components.
A pressure regulator is located near the oxygen bottles to reduce the length of
high pressure lines.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 20 Distribution
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distribution cont.
High oxygen pressure can be reduced in 1 step, as on this Airbus.
Here the pressure regulator is mounted directly on the oxygen bottle.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 21 Pressure Regulator

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Distribution cont.
High oxygen pressure can also be reduced in 2 steps, as on this Boeing.
First a pressure reducer mounted on each bottle reduces the pressure to an
intermediate level and then a pressure regulator reduces the pressure even
further to a usable pressure.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 22 Pressure Reducer/Regulator

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Distribution cont.
In contrast to Boeing aircraft, where no further action is needed, on the Airbus
the crew supply switch must be operated to get oxygen to the cockpit.
The crew supply switch actuates a solenoid controlled supply valve.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 23 Solenoid controlled Supply Valve

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INDICATION
As we have already seen oxygen pressure is indicated on each oxygen bottle
by a direct reading gage.
Oxygen pressure is also indicated on an external pressure gage which is
normally located near the filling panel.
The external pressure gage gets its information from a pressure transmitter or
transducer attached to each bottle.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 24 Pressure Indication -Single Bottle-

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Indication cont.
If there is more than 1 bottle the pressure from each bottle may vary.
In this case the individual signals are converted to an average by the voltage
averaging unit. The average oxygen pressure is shown on the pressure gage.
Oxygen pressure information is also needed in the cockpit.
The pressure transducers or, if there is more than 1 bottle, the voltage
averaging unit are used to gather the pressure information for display on the
EICAS status page or on the ECAM door/oxygen page.
Normally the indications appear in green, and in case of low pressure change
to amber.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 25 Pressure Indication -Bottle Set-

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MASK STORAGE
In this cockpit there are 2 two oxygen masks for the pilots and 2 for the
observers.
The masks are stored in the stowage boxes.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 26 Cockpit Stowage Box Location

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Mask Storage cont.

Each oxygen mask is stowed in a separate stowage box. The boxes have 2
flap doors.
When the mask is removed a supply valve in the box opens and oxygen flows
to the mask.
A pressure switch connected to the supply valve allows a microphone to be
used while the oxygen system is in use.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 27 Stowage Box Arrangement

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Mask Storage cont.

A flow indicator is located on the top of the stowage box.
The flow indicator blinks when there is oxygen flow.
A press to test and reset lever is included on the left door. This lever has 2
functions.
One function of the press to test and reset lever is to test if oxygen flows
without taking the mask out of the stowage box. When the lever is pressed in
the direction of the arrow, oxygen flows and the flow indicator appears.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 28 Control Slide/Flow Indicator

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mask storage cont.

After the left hand door has been opened, the supply valve in the stowage box
has to be reset.
The OXY ON flag indicates that the supply valve is still open. To reset the valve
we have to push the lever again.
When the lever is pushed the supply valve is closed and the OXY ON flag
disappears.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 29 Supply Valve Reset

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OXYGEN MASK
The mask itself is a full face quick donning mask.
The flight crew can put on their masks with 1 hand in less than 5 seconds.
The mask covers the eyes, nose and mouth of the user, even if he or she is
wearing glasses.
The mask consists of
S a harness,
S a face piece,
S a diluter demand regulator and
S a microphone.
When the mask is removed from the stowage box the user pulls and presses
the 2 red grips.
When the grips are pressed the harness is inflated with oxygen, allowing the
mask to be put on. When the grips are released the harness deflates to give
the mask a tight fit.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 30 Full Face Quick Donning Mask

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Oxygen Mask cont.

The diluter demand regulator has 3 operating modes,
S normal,
S 100% oxygen, and
S emergency.
In normal mode the user gets an air/oxygen mixture on demand while the cabin
pressure remains below about 35000 feet. Above this he or she will receive
pure oxygen.
When the 100% selector is moved to 100% the user gets pure oxygen on
demand, no matter what the altitude.
The emergency function is controlled by the overpressure push and turn knob.
This allows oxygen to flow constantly and not just on demand. Breathing out is
a little bit uncomfortable in this mode.
The pushed position of the overpressure knob selects overpressure
momentarily. It is used for blowing out the mask and for testing the microphone
by listening to the oxygen flow.
The turned position of the overpressure knob selects overpressure
continuously.
This is used in very high altitudes and to prevent inhalation of smoke and
noxious gasses.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 31 Deluter Demand Regulator

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PASSENGER OXYGEN SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
In contrast to the crew oxygen system, the passenger oxygen system is only
used if the cabin depressurizes. In normal flight cabin pressure is equal to a
cabin altitude of about 8000 feet.
As you may recall from the previous lesson, humans cannot completely
compensate for the loss of oxygen above about 14 000 feet.
If the cabin does depressurize the aircraft will reduce altitude but if it is above
14 000 feet the passenger oxygen system will activate automatically and
oxygen masks will be deployed.
How fast the aircraft depressurizes depends on how severe the leak is, so
oxygen may not be needed for several minutes.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 32 Depressurization
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Introduction cont.
There must be oxygen masks for every person in the cabin, which means at
every seat, in all the lavatories and at every attendant station.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 33 Installation
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Introduction cont.
You can find the passenger oxygen masks stowed in passenger service units
above the passenger seats.
When the passenger oxygen system is activated the oxygen masks drop down
from the overhead stowage boxes to be available for the passengers.
The reason why there is always at least 1 more masks than seats in a row is
that there may be children sharing adult seats.
You can see the main components found in the oxygen stowage box labelled
on the graphic.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 34 Passenger Service Unit

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SYSTEM ACTIVATION
Here you can see the release logic for the passenger oxygen system.
The system is normally activated automatically by a pressure switch in the
pressurized area.
If, for some reason, automatic activation by the altitude pressure switch fails,
there is a manual control in the cockpit which will activate the passenger
oxygen system.
After activation, the passenger oxygen system must be reset by pushing the
reset button in the cockpit.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 35 Release Logic

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System Activation cont.

If the automatic function fails, you can use the „MASK MAN ON“ Switch in the
cockpit.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 36 Operation
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System Activation cont.

For maintenance purposes there is a special tool for opening single stowage
boxes without activating the whole system.
Here you see how the manual release tool is used to open a single stowage
box.
After any activation of the system and deployment of the masks they must be
re−packed.
On a large aircraft this can mean more than 500 masks.
Unfortunately there is no automatic function for this, so you’ll need to re−pack
the masks by hand!
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 37 Manual Release Tool

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SUPPLY SYSTEM - CHEMICAL

The passenger oxygen system is activated in the same way on most aircraft,
but the actual supply of oxygen can be different.
There are 2 ways that oxygen is supplied to the system, with a chemical
system and with a gaseous system.
In the chemical oxygen supply system, the stowage boxes are normally called
emergency oxygen containers (EOC).
The EOC doors operate electrically. Each door has its own solenoid which can
be activated automatically by the pressure switch or manually from the cockpit.
Every EOC contains oxygen masks and a chemical generator which produces
oxygen.
When the EOC door opens and the masks fall out, oxygen is not available
immediately. To supply oxygen you must tighten the lanyards by pulling the
masks. This starts the oxygen generation process.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 38 Emergency Oxygen Container/Components

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OXYGEN GENERATOR
When you pull the mask, it tightens the lanyard and releases a pin which fires a
striker.
The striker triggers a chemical thermal reaction in the oxygen generator.
The chemical oxygen generator is filled with sodium chlorate. When Sodium
Chlorate burns, it produces oxygen. This oxygen supplies all the masks
attached to the generator.
An activated generator normally produces oxygen for 12 to 15 minutes.
The reaction produces a lot of heat, about 350° C.
This heat changes the color of an indicator on the side of the canister to show
that it needs changing.
When a generator has been used it must be replaced.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 39 Oxygen Generator Activation

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SUPPLY SYSTEM - GASEOUS

The other passenger oxygen supply system is known as a gaseous system.
In this system the stowage boxes above every passenger are called passenger
service units or PSU‘s.
The door to these boxes is opened by the same oxygen pressure that feeds
the masks.
In the gaseous system the oxygen supply is stored in oxygen bottles, similar to
those used in the crew system.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 40 Gaseous-System
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Supply Sy stem - Gaseous cont.

The gaseous oxygen system uses flow control units to reduce the oxygen
pressure to a usable level.
You may find 1 or more flow control units in the system. In this example there
are 3.
These control units have 4 main purposes:
S They provide a shut off function. If the system is not active they shut off the
oxygen flow.
S They activate the system. The pressure switch for automatic activation is
integrated in the flow control units.
S They produce the pressure push to open the PSU doors.
S They reduce the intermediate oxygen pressure to an adequate level for
breathing.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 41 Flow Control Unit

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Supply System - Gaseous cont.

There is a ring line in the cabin which connects every PSU to the flow control
units.
The ring line transports the pressure push initiated by the flow control units to
release the PSU doors.
This is different from the chemical system, which you’ll remember has solenoid
operated door releases.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 42 Flow Control Unit/Funktions

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Supply System - Gaseous cont.

Higher pressure oxygen flows from the flow control unit during the first few
seconds moving the diaphragm, which moves a plunger downwards.
The latch plate with the hooks moves to the left.
The PSU door opens and the masks drop down.
The pressure push is over and the flow control unit regulates the oxygen flow
to a usable level.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 43 System Activation

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Supply System - Gaseous cont.

There is no oxygen flow to the masks until the masks are pulled and at least 1
lanyard is tightened, which pulls a pin.
Now the oxygen pressure can move a flow control plunger and oxygen can flow
to the mask.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 44 Flow Control/Masks

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Supply System - Gaseous cont.

To stop the oxygen flow to a single unit, you can move a toggle flap up.
Your action stopped the oxygen flow to the masks.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 45 Flow Control to Masks

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Supply System - Gaseous cont.

When an emergency occurs, oxygen must be quickly available to everyone.
As you can imagine, on a large aircraft there is a time delay in supplying
oxygen to passengers who are located a long way from the oxygen bottles.
For this reason you may find 1 or more bleed relief valves in the ring line. This
valve opens during the pressure push, bleeds the distribution line and ensures
the line contains only pure oxygen.
In this system there is another valve in the distribution line, a vent valve. This
valve prevents inadvertent pressure build−up and therefore, inadvertent mask
release if a flow control unit has a small leak.
The vent valve is spring loaded open under normal conditions and closes if
pressure is higher than spring force.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 46 Bleed Relief Valve/Automatic Vent Valve

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PORTABLE OXYGEN SYSTEM

PORTABLE OXYGEN
As well as the crew oxygen system and the passenger oxygen system there is
another kind of oxygen system − the portable oxygen system.
The portable oxygen equipment is normally stored in the cockpit and near the
exits in the passenger compartment.
The portable oxygen cylinders provide a portable supply of breathing oxygen
that is independent of the fixed systems.
This oxygen supply is intended for emergency and first aid use.
And it also provides eye protection for the user in the form of smoke hoods,
which you wear if the atmosphere is smoke filled or toxic.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 47 System Installations

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Portable Oxygen cont.

The portable oxygen system consists of portable oxygen cylinders and smoke
hoods.
The oxygen cylinder assembly includes the oxygen cylinder and the cylinder
head.
The oxygen cylinder normally has a capacity of 11 cubic feet (about 310 liter) at
a maximum filling pressure of 1800 psi.
And as you can see, the cylinder head consists of several components.
Components on the cylinder head:
S The manual shut off valve controls the oxygen flow.
S The pressure gage indicates the actual pressure.
S The frangible disc protects the cylinder against high pressure. If pressure
increases, perhaps as a result of high temperature, the disc ruptures,
releasing the pressure.
S The pressure regulator reduces the oxygen pressure to a suitable value.
S There is a built in relief valve, in case the pressure regulator fails.
S The filling valve allows the oxygen cylinder to be filled.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 48 Portable Oxygen Cylinder

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Portable Oxygen cont.

Smoke hoods provide protection for the eyes and a respiratory system for crew
members and cabin attendants. They are used when fighting a fire, or to
prevent you breathing in smoke or noxious gases.
The smoke hoods are vacuum packed in storage containers.
The storage container has a serviceability indicator to show the condition of the
smoke hood.
The indicator reacts to humidity.
If the color has changed the smoke hood and its container must be replaced.
Send the hood and container to the workshop for overhaul.
The smoke hood consists of the hood itself, the inner mask and an oxygen
generator.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 49 Smoke Hoods

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MASKS
Two types of masks are used with the portable oxygen cylinders.
One is a full face smoke mask which gives protection from smoke and
dangerous gases. This mask has a demand regulator which only allows oxygen
to flow when the user breathes.
Often the full face smoke masks are replaced by smoke hoods.
The other type of mask is a continuous flow oxygen mask, which is used
mainly for first aid purposes.
Each mask has its own connection to the oxygen cylinder.
The oxygen cylinder head includes connections for the masks.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

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Figure 50 Full Face Mask/Continuous Flow Mask

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
OXYGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
BREATHING AIR AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES . . . . . . . 2
HUMAN REACTION TO CABIN PRESSURE LOSS . . . 6
CHARACTERISTICS OF OXYGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
0XYGEN SAFETY RULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CREW OXYGEN SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
OXYGEN BOTTLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
BOTTLE PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
OVERPRESSURE DISCHARGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
BOTTLE FILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
OXYGEN BOTTLE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
DISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
INDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
MASK STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
OXYGEN MASK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
PASSENGER OXYGEN SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
SYSTEM ACTIVATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
SUPPLY SYSTEM - CHEMICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
OXYGEN GENERATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
SUPPLY SYSTEM - GASEOUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
PORTABLE OXYGEN SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
PORTABLE OXYGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
MASKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

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TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 International Standard Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Figure 36 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Figure 2 Density of Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Figure 37 Manual Release Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Figure 3 Effects of Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Figure 26 Emergency Oxygen Container/Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Figure 4 Characteristics of Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Figure 39 Oxygen Generator Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Figure 5 Oxygen Safety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Figure 27 Gaseous-System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Figure 6 Oxygen Safety Rules II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Figure 28 Flow Control Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Figure 7 Oxygen Safety Rules III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Figure 29 Flow Control Unit/Funktions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Figure 8 Oxygen Safety Rules IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Figure 30 System Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Figure 9 Oxygen Safety Rules V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Figure 31 Flow Control/Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Figure 10 Crew Oxygen System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 32 Flow Control to Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Figure 11 Oxygen Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Figure 33 Bleed Relief Valve/Automatic Vent Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Figure 12 Cylinder Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Figure 34 System Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Figure 13 Fill Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 35 Portable Oxygen Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Figure 14 Bottle Pressure Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Figure 36 Smoke Hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Figure 13 Safety Disk/Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Figure 37 Full Face Mask/Continuous Flow Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Figure 16 Fill System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Figure 17 Pressure Indicator Gage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Figure 18 Thermal Compensator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Figure 14 Thermal Compensator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Figure 15 Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Figure 16 Pressure Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Figure 17 Pressure Reducer/Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Figure 18 Solenoid controlled Supply Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Figure 19 Pressure Indication -Single Bottle- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Figure 20 Pressure Indication -Bottle Set- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Figure 26 Cockpit Stowage Box Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Figure 27 Stowage Box Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Figure 28 Control Slide/Flow Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Figure 29 Supply Valve Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Figure 21 Full Face Quick Donning Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Figure 22 Deluter Demand Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Figure 23 Depressurization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Figure 24 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Figure 25 Passenger Service Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Figure 35 Release Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

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EJAMF M11.15 B1 E

TABLE OF FIGURES

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EJAMF M11.15 B1 E

TABLE OF FIGURES

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