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SIXTH EDITION
BELCOURT
MCBEY
About the Series xxiii
About the Authors xxv
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgments xxxiii

Chapter 1 Strategic Management 1

Chapter2 Aligning HR with Strategy 28
Chapter3 Environmental Influences on HRM 54
Chapter4 The HR Forecasting Process 79
Chapter5 Determining HR Demand 101
Chapter6 Ascertaining HR Supply 130
Chapter7 Succession Management 161
Chapters Information Technology for HR Planning 194
Chapter9 Change Management 218
Chapter 10 Downsizing and Restructuring 253
Chapter 11 Strategic International HRM 287
Chapter 12 Mergers and Acquisitions 313
Chapter 13 Outsourcing 343
Chapter 14 HR Assessment and Analytics 365

Glossary 4 03
Index 409

••
NEL VII
About the Series xxiii
About the Authors xxv
Preface xxvii
•••
Acknowledgments XXXlll

Chapter 1 Strategic Management 1

Chapter Learning Outcomes 1
Strategic Management at The Bay 2
A Need for Strategic HRM 2
Strategy 3
Strategic Types 6
Corporate Strategies 6
Business Strategies 10
The Strategic Planning Process 10
1. Establish the Mission, Vision, and Values 11
2. Develop Objectives 14
3. Analyze the External Environment 15
4. Identify the Competitive Advantage 15
5. Determine the Competitive Position 18
6. Implement the Strategy 19
7. Evaluate the Performance 19
Benefits ofStrategy Formulation 20
Summary 21
Key Terms 21
Web Links 22
Discussion Qyestions 22
Exercises 23

•
NEL IX
 Case Study: Loblaw Companies Ltd. 23
References 26

Chapter 2 Aligning HR with Strategy 28

Chapter Learning Outcomes 28
HR Strategy at Google 29
Strategic HRM 29
Theories of the Strategic Management of
Human Resources 30
HRM Making Strategic Contributions 30
The Contingency Perspective 32
Strategi,c HR Planning 34
The Importance ofStrategi,c HR Planning 35
Improved Goal Attainment 3 6
The Risks 37
Linking HR Processes to Strategy 37
Corporate Strategy Leads to HR Strategy 38
HR Competencies Lead to Business Strategy 42
Reciprocal Interdependency Between HR Strategy and
Business Strategy 42
HR Becomes a Business Partner 43
Strategic Partnering 44
Becoming More Strategic 44
HR Strategy Differentiation 44
Characteristics ofan Effective HRM Strategy 4 6
Focus on Results 47
Summary 48
Key Terms 48
Web Links 48
Discussion Q!iestions 48
Exercises 48

x CONTENTS NEL
Case Study: Linking HR Practices to Performance 49
References 50

Chapter3 Environmental Influences on BRM 54

Chapter Learning Outcomes 54
Environmental Scanning at GM 55
Environmental Scanning Sources and Methods 56
Sources ofInformation 57
Methods of Forecasting 60
Competitive Intelligence 60
Challenges in Environmental Scanning 61
Isolating the Criticalfrom the Insigrtificant 61
Environmental Factors 61
Economic Climate 62
Globalization 62
Political and Legislative Factors 63
Technologi,cal Factors 64
Demographic Factors 65
Social and Cultural Factors 67
Stakeholders 69
Responding to External Factors 71
A Proactive Approach 71
Summary 74
Key Terms 74
Web Links 75
Discussion Qyestions 75
Exercises: Scenario Planning 75
Case Study: Work-Life Family Balance 76
References 76

•
NEL CONTENTS XI
 Chapter4 The HR Forecasting Process 79
Chapter Learning Outcomes 79
Skills Mismatch in Canada: Should Governments Intervene? 80
Forecasting Activity Categories 80
The Strategic Importance ofHR Forecasting 81
Key Personnel Analyses Conducted by HR Forecasters 83
Environmental and Organizational Factors Affecting
HR Forecasting 85
HR Forecasting Time Horizons 86
Determining Net HR Requirements 87
1. Determine HR Demand 87
2. Ascertain HR Supply 8 8
3. Determine Net HR Requirements 91
4. Institute HR Programs: HR Shortage and HR Surplus 92
Summary 95
Key Terms 95
Web Links 96
Discussion Q!iestions 96
Exercise 96
Case Study: Forecasting for Home Support Workers 97
References 98

Chapter 5 Deten11ining HR Demand 101

Chapter Learning Outcomes 101
Projecting Labour Demand in Canada 102
Methods of Forecasting 102
Q!iantitative Methods 103
Trend/Ratio Analysis 103
Time Series Models 105
Big Data 106
Regression Ana[ysis 106

••
XII CONTENTS NEL
Qyalitative Forecasting Techniques 113
Scenario Planning 115
Delphi Technique 117
Nominal Group Technique 120
HR Budgets/Staffing Tables 122
Summary 124
Key Terms 125
Web Links 125
Discussion Qyestions 125
Exercises: The Nominal Group Technique 126
Case Study: Ontario Power Generation 126
References 127

Chapter6 Ascertaining HR Supply 130

Chapter Learning Outcomes 130
Aboriginal People: A Growing Labour Source 131
Skills and Management Inventories 131
Succession/Replacement Analysis 132
Markov Models 136
Linear Programming 140
Movement Anafysis 140
Movement Anafysis Exercise 142
Vacant;Y Model 144
HR Supply Programs 148
The Role ofEmployers 148
Other Labour Pools 149
Influence Government Programs 14 9
HR Retention Programs 150
Summary 153
Key Terms 153
Web Links 153

•••
NEL CONTENTS XIII
 Discussion Q!iestions 154
Exercise 154
Case Study: HR Planning at M&K 155
References 157

Chapter 7 Succession Management 161

Chapter Learning Outcomes 161
Succession Management at Edwards Lifesciences 162
Importance of Succession Management 162
Evolution ofSuccession Management 164
Broader Focus 164
Time Horizon 165
Talent Pools 165
Rating System 166
Succession Management Process 168
Summary 184
Key Terms 184
Web Links 184
Discussion Q!iestions 185
Exercises 185
Case Study 1: The People Development Framework at Ford of Canada 186
Case Study 2: Executive Succession Management Program at EMEND
Management Consulting 188
References 190

Chapter 8 Infonnation Technology for HR Planning 194

Chapter Learning Outcomes 194
Software for HR Planning 195
IT and HRM 195
New Service Delivery Models 196
Web-based HR 197
Enterprise Portals 197
Self-Seroice 198

•
XIV CONTENTS NEL
IT for HR Planning 199
Workforce Analytics 199
Workforce Management and Scheduling 201
Forensic Reporting 201
Skills Inventories 2 02
Replacement Charts 202
Succession Management 202
Different Solutions for Different Needs 203
HRIS 203
Specialty Products 203
Enterprise Solutions 203
Cloud Computing 204
Selecting Technology Solutions for HRM 204
Conduct a Needs Analysis 205
Explore the Marketplace 206
Issue a Requestfor Proposal 206
Evaluate Vendors and Products 207
Implementing and Evaluating Technology 207
Typical Implementation Process 208
Business Process Re-engi,neering 208
Ensuring Data Security 209
Evaluating HR Technology 210
Competitive Advantage 210
Looking Ahead 211
Summary 212
Key Terms 213
Web Links 213
Discussion Qyestions 213
Exercises 213

NEL CONTENTS xv
 Case Study: Sustaining Talent with Strategic Workforce Planning
Software at Energy Resources Conservation Board 214
References 215

Chapter9 Change Management 218

Chapter Learning Outcomes 218
Culture Change at Yahoo! 219
Why Is Organizational Change Important? 219
The Increasing Pace of Change 220
Societal, Industrial, and Organizational Levels of Change 220
Models of Organizational Change 221
Organizations as Open Systems 221
The Importance ofFeedback 222
Single-Loop Learning 222
Double-Loop Learning 223
The Generic Model of Change 224
Recognizing the Needfor Change and Starting the Process 224
Diagnosing What Needs to be Changed 225
Planning and Preparingfor Change 225
Implementing the Change 227
Sustaining the Change 228
The Planned Model of Change 230
Field Theory 230
Force-Field Analysis 230
Group Dynamics 231
Action Research 232
Three-Step Model 233
Development of the Planned Change Approach 237
Emergent Change 238
Chaos Theory and Emergent Change 23 9
Organizational Learning 240

•
XVI CONTENTS NEL
Bringing It All Together 245
Identify the Problem 245
Unfreezing 245
Moving 246
Refreezing 246
Summary 246
Key Terms 246
Web Links 247
Discussion Qyestions 247
Exercises 247
Case Study: Change at Tiger Boots 248
References 250

Chapter 10 Downsizing and Restructuring 253

Chapter Learning Outcomes 253
Downsizing: A Thing of the Past? 254
The Downsizing Phenomenon 254
Defining Downsizing and Restructuring 255
Why Do Organizations Downsize? 257
The Downsizing Decision 258
Alternatives to Downsizing 259
Inplacement and Outplacement Issues 259
Some Ethical Considerations 260
Planningfor Downsizing 2 61
Adjusting to fob Loss 262
The ''Survivors'' of Downsizing 264
Perceptions ofjustice 265
Suroivor Reactions 2 66
Impact on the 'Vownsizers'' 267

••
NEL CONTENTS XVII
 Financial Performance and Downsizing 267
Consequences ofDownsizing 2 68
Downsizing Strategies 270
Strategi,c Downsizing 271
Effective and Ineffective Approaches 272
The ''New Deal'' in Employment and the Psychological
Contract 272
Downsizing and 'rligh Involvement'' HRM 273
Labour Relations Issues 275
Summary 277
Key Terms 277
Web Links 278
Discussion Q!iestions 278
Exercises 278
Case Study: A Downsizing Decision at the Department of
Public Works 279
References 281

Chapter 11 Strategic Inten1ational HRM 287

Chapter Learning Outcomes 287
The Would-Be Pioneer 288
Key Challenges Influencing HR Practices and Processes Within
an International Context 288
Workforce Diversity 289
Employment Legi,slation 289
The Role ofthe HR Function 289
Flexibility 28 9
Security 290
Strategic International Human Resources Management 290
Strategi,c IHRM Fits with Corporate International
Business Strategies 291
The Domestic Stage and Strategy 291

•••
XVIII CONTENTS NEL
 The Multidomestic Stage and Strategy 292
The Multinational Stage and Strategy 292
The Global Stage 293
Key HR Practices and Processes Within an International Context 294
Recruitment 294
Selection 2 9 6
Other Selection Criteria 2 97
Pre-Assignment Training 298
Post-Assignment Activities 300
Repatriation 300
Career Development 300
Performance Appraisal 301
Compensation 304
Labour Relations 305
Summary 306
Key Terms 307
Web Links 307
Discussion Qyestions 307
Exercises 308
Case Study: Dangerous Assignments 308
References 309

Chapter 12 Mergers and Acquisitions 313

Chapter Learning Outcomes 313
Big Is Beautiful 314
Definitions 314
The Urge to Merge 316
Strategi,c Benefits 316
Financial Benefits 318
Management Needs 319
Merger Methods 319

•
NEL CONTENTS XIX
 The Success Rate ofMergers 320
Financial Impact 320
Impact on Human Resources 322
Cultural Issues in Mergers 323
HR Issues in M&As 326
HR Planning 326
Selection 332
Compensation 334
Performance Appraisal 334
Training and Development 335
Labour Relations 335
Evaluation ofSuccess 335
Summary 336
Key Terms 336
Web Links 337
Discussion Q!iestions 337
Exercise 337
Case Study: Molson Coors and Acquisitions 338
References 339

Chapter 13 Outsourcing 343

Chapter Learning Outcomes 343
Outsourcing at Sears 344
Outsourcing 344
Outsourcing HR Functions 344
The Rationale for Outsourcing 347
Financial Savings 347
Strategi,c Focus 349
Advanced Technology 350

xx CONTENTS NEL
 Improved Service 350
Specialized Expertise 351
Organizational Politics 351
Benefits to Canada 351
Risks and Limitations of Outsourcing 351
Projected Benefits ~rsus Actual Benefits 352
Service Risks 352
Employee Morale 352
Security Risks 354
Reduced Value 354
Management of Outsourcing 355
Selecting the ~ndor 355
Negotiating the Contract 357
Monitoring the Arrangement 358
Policy Options to Limit Outsourcing 359
Summary 359
Key Terms 360
Web Links 360
Discussion Qyestions 360
Exercise 360
Case Study: Outsourcing at Texas Instruments Canada 361
References 361

Chapter 14 HR Assessment and Analytics 365

Chapter Learning Outcomes 365
Keeping Score with the Scorecard 366
Workforce Analytics 366
The Importance of Evaluating HRM 367
Resistance 3 68
Rationale 369

•
NEL CONTENTS XXI
 The SC Model of HRM Impact 370
Compliance 371
Client Satisfaction 3 71
Culture Management 374
Cost Control 376
Contribution 378
How HR Contributes to Organizational Performance 378
Financial Measures 379
Measures ofManagerial Perceptions ofEffectiveness 3 79
Approaches to Measuring HRM Practices 381
Cost-Benefit Analysis 381
Utility Analysis 383
Benchmarking 3 84
The HR Scorecard 385
Measuring the Worth ofEmployees 3 8 6
Universality ofBest Practices 387
Separation of Cause and Effect 3 8 9
Successful Measurement 3 91
Reporting to Boards ofDirectors and Shareholders 393
Summary 394
Key Terms 394
Web Links 394
Discussion Q!iestions 394
Exercise 395
Case Study 1: Talent Management and Workforce
Analytics at Frito-Lay 395
Case Study 2: Measuring Culture to Support Growth at CMA 396
References 397

Glossary 403
Index 409

••
XXII CONTENTS NEL
The management of human resources has become the most important source of innova-
tion, competitive advantage, and productivity, more so than any other resource. More
than ever, human resources management (HRM) professionals need the knowledge and
skills to design HRM policies and practices that not only meet legal requirements but
also are effective in supporting organizational strategy. Increasingly, these professionals
tum to published research and books on best practices for assistance in the development
of effective HR strategies. The books in the Nelson Education Series in Human Resource
Management are the best source in Canada for reliable, valid, and current knowledge
about practices in HRM.
The texts in this series include:
• Managi,ng Peiformance through Training and Development
• Management of Occupational Health and Safety
• Recruitment and Selection in Canada
• Strategi,c Compensation in Canada
• Strategi,c Human Resources Planning
• An Introduction to the Canadian Labour Market
• Research, Measurement, and Evaluation ofHuman Resources
• Industrial Relations in Canada
• International Human Resources: A Canadian Perspective
The Nelson Education Series in Human Resource Management represents a significant
development in the field of HRM for many reasons. Each book in the series is the
first and now best-selling text in the functional area. Furthermore, HR professionals in
Canada must work with Canadian laws, statistics, policies, and values. This series serves
their needs. It is the only opportunity that students and practitioners have to access
a complete set of HRM books, standardized in presentation, which enables them to
access information quickly across many HRM disciplines. Students who are pursuing
the CHRP (Certified Human Resource Professional) designation through their provin-
cial HR associations will find the books in this series invaluable in preparing for the
knowledge exams. This one-stop resource will prove useful to anyone looking for solu-
tions for the effective management of people.
The publication of this series signals that the HRM field has advanced to the stage
where theory and applied research guide practice. The books in the series present the
best and most current research in the functional areas of HRM. Research is supple-
mented with examples of the best practices used by Canadian companies that are leaders
in HRM. Each text begins with a general model of the discipline, and then describes
the implementation of effective strategies. Thus, the books serve as an introduction to
the functional area for the new student of HR and as a validation source for the more
experienced HRM practitioner. Cases, exercises, and endnotes provide opportunities for
further discussion and analysis.

• ••
NEL XXIII
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
 situation of Pericles, may, perhaps, have been altered from one
in the same collection (Paradin’s), used by Diana of Poitiers. It is
a green branch springing from a tomb, with the motto, ‘Sola vivit
in illo,’”—Alone on that she lives.

107. “Frvmentorvm ac leguminum semina ac grana in terram

projecta, ac illi quasi concredita, certo tempore renascuntur,
atque multiplices fructus producunt. Sic nostra etiam corpora,
quamvis: jam mortua, ac terrestri sepulturæ destinata, in die
tamen ultima resurgent, & piorum quidem ad vitam, impiorum
vero ad judicium.”... “Alibi legitur, Spes vna svperstes, nimirum
post funus.”

108.

“Swallows have built

In Cleopatra’s sails their nests: the augurers
Say they know not, they cannot tell; look grimly
And dare not speak their knowledge.”
Ant. & Cleop., act 4, sc. 12, l. 3.

109.

“Nec, si miserum fortuna Sinonem

Finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque improba finget.”

“Talibus insidiis, perjurique arte Sinonis,

Credita res: captique dolis, lachrymisque coactis,
Quos neque Tydides, nec Larissæus Achilles,
Non anni domuêre decem, non mille carinæ.”

“fatisque Deûm defensus iniquis,

Inclusos utero Danaos et pinea furtim
Laxat claustra Sinon.”
110.
The text of Sambucus is dedicated to his father, Peter
Sambukius.
“Dvm rigidos artus elephas, dum membra quiete
Subleuat, assuetis nititur arboribus:
Quas vbi venator didicit, succidit ab imo,
Paulatim vt recubans belua mole ruat.
Tam leuiter capitur duri qui in prœlia Martis
Arma, viros, turrim, tergore vectat opes.
Nusquam tuta fides, nimium ne crede quieti,
Sæpius & tutis decipiere locis.
Hippomenes pomis Schœneïda vicit amatam,
Sic Peliam natis Colchis acerba necat.
Sic nos decipiunt dedimus quibus omnia nestra:
Saltem conantur deficiente fide.”

111.

“A snake worn out with cold a rustic found,

And cherished in his breast doth rashly warm;
Thankless the snake inflicts a fatal wound,
And life restored requites with deadly harm.
If badly benefits thou dost intend,
Simple of heart and good within thy mind,—
No benefits suppose them in their end,
But deeds of evil and of evil kind.
To serve the thankless is a sinful thing,
And wicked they who wilfully give pain;
Whatever with free soul of good thou bring,
This rightfully thou may’st account true gain.”

112.
Schiller’s Werke, band 8, pp. 426–7. “Die Regierung dieser Stadt
war in allzu viele Hände vortheilt, und der stürmischen Menge
 ein viel zu grossen Antheil daran gegeben, als dasz man mit
Ruhe hätte überlegen mit Einsieht wählen und mit Festigkeit
ausführenkönnen.”

113.
As Whitney describes him (p. 110, l. 27),—
“Augustus eeke, that happie most did raigne,
The scourge to them, that had his vnkle slaine.”

114.

“His soldiers spying his undaunted spirit,

A Talbot! a Talbot! cried out amain,
And rush’d into the bowels of the battle.”

1 Henry VI., act. i. sc. 1, l. 127.

115.
See Gentleman’s Magazine, 1778, p. 470; 1821, pt. 1, p. 531;
and Archæologia, vol. xix. pt. 1, art. x. Also, Blomfield’s Norfolk,
vol. v. p. 1600.

116.

“But a prince slow for punishments, swift for rewards;

To whomsoever he grieves, how often is he forced to be
severe.”

117.
“If as often as men sin his thunderbolts he should send,
Jupiter, in very brief time, without arms will be.”
118.

“The Heraulte, that proclaims the daie at hande,

The Cocke I meane, that wakés vs out of sleepe,
On steeple highe, doth like a watchman stande:
The gate beneath, a Lion still doth keepe.
And why? theise two, did alder time decree,
That at the Churche, theire places still should bee.

That pastors, shoulde like watchman still be preste,

To wake the worlde, that sleepeth in his sinne,
And rouse them vp, that longe are rock’d in reste,
And shewe the daie of Christe, will straighte beginne:
And to foretell, and preache, that light deuine,
Euen as the Cocke doth singe, ere daie doth shine.

The Lion shewes, they shoulde of courage bee

And able to defende, their flocke from foes:
If rauening wolfes, to lie in waite they see:
They shoulde be stronge, and boulde, with them to close:
And so be arm’de with learning, and with life,
As they might keepe, their charge, from either strife.”

119.
See also Ecl. ix. 29, 36.

120.
See also Carm. iv. 3. 20.

121.
The same author speaks also of the soft Zephyr moderating the
sweet sounding song of the swan, and of sweet honour exciting
the breasts of poets; and presents the swan as saying, “I fear
not lightnings, for the branches of the laurel ward them off; so
integrity despises the insults of fortune.”—Emb. 24 and 25.
122.
Paradin’s words and his meaning differ; the Civic crown was
bestowed, not on the citizen saved, but on the citizen who
delivered him from danger.

123.
Consequently there is an anachronism by Shakespeare in
assigning the order of St. Michael to “valiant Lord Talbot, Earl of
Shrewsbury,” who was slain in 1453.

124.
The name of Lord Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, does not occur in
the list which Paradin gives of the twenty-four Knights
Companions of the Golden Fleece.

125.
Paradin’s text:—“Ma Dame Bone de Sauoye mere de Ian Galeaz,
Duc de Milan, se trouuant veufe feit faire vne Deuise en ses
Testons d’vne Fenix au milieu d’vn feu auec ces paroles: Sola
facta, solum Deum sequor. Voulant signifier que comme il n’y a
au monde qu’vne Fenix, tout ainsi estant demeuree seulette, ne
vouloit aymer selon le seul Dieu, pour viure eternellement.”

126.
See Penny Cyclopædia, vol. xxi. p. 343: “We have no doubt that
the three plays in their original form, which we now call the
three Parts of Henry VI., were his,” i. e. Shakespeare's, “and
they also belong to this epoch,” i. e. previous to 1591.

127. Or Parvus Mundus, ed. 1579, where the figure of Bacchus by

Gerard de Jode has wings on the head, and a swift Pegasus by
its side, just striking the earth for flight.

128.
It is curious to observe how in the margin Whitney supports his
theme by a reference to Ovid, and by quotations from Anacreon,
John Chrysostom, Sambucus, and Propertius.
129.
To the device of the Sirens, Camerarius, Ex Aquatilibus (ed.
1604, leaf 64), affixes the motto, “Mortem dabit ipsa volvptas,”—
Pleasure itself will give death,—and with several references to
ancient authors adds the couplet,—
“Dulcisono mulcent Sirenes æthera cantu:
Tu fuge, ne pereas, callida monstra maris.”

i.e.
“With sweet sounding song the Sirens smooth the breeze:
Flee, lest thou perish, the crafty monsters of the seas.”

130.
Shakespeare’s “goddess blind” and his representation of blind
Love have their exact correspondence in the motto of Otho
Vænius, “Blynd fortune blyndeth loue;” which is preceded by
Cicero’s declaration, “Non solùm ipsa fortuna cæca est: sed
etiam plerumque cæcos efficit quos complexa est: adeò vt
spernant amores veteres, ac indulgeant nouis,”—
“Sometyme blynd fortune can make loue bee also blynd,
And with her on her globe to turne & wheel about,
When cold preuailes to put light loues faint feruor out,
But ferwent loyall loue may no such fortune fynde.”

131.
Well shown in Whitney’s device to the motto, Veritas inuicta,
—“Unconquered truth” (p. 166),—where the Spirits of Evil are
sitting in “shady cell” to catch the souls of men, while the Great
Enemy is striving—
“with all his maine and mighte
To hide the truthe, and dimme the lawe deuine.”
132.

“Lvnarem noctu, vt speculum, canis inspicit orbem:

Seq. videns, altum credit inesse canem,
Et latrat: sed frustra agitur vox irrita ventis,
Et peragit cursus surda Diana suos.”

133.

“Irrita vaniloquæ quid curas spicula linguæ?

Latrantem curatne alta Diana canem.”

134.
See Ovid’s Metamorphoses, bk. x. fab. 1, 2.

135.
For pictorial representations of the wonders which Orpheus
wrought, see the Plantinian edition of “P. Ovidii Nasonis
Metamorphoses,” Antwerp, 1591, pp. 238–243.

136.
See Ovid’s Metamorphoses, bk. iii. fab. 2; or the Plantinian
Devices to Ovid, edition 1591, pp. 85, 87.

137. In the beautiful Silverdale, on Morecambe Bay, at Lindow Tower,

there is the same hospitable assurance over the doorway, “Homo
homini lupus.”

138.
The device by Gerard de Jode, in the edition of 1579, is a very
fine representation of the scene here described.

139.
May we not in one instance illustrate the thought from a poet of
the last century?—
 “Who, who would live, my Nana, just to breathe
This idle air, and indolently run,
Day after day, the still returning round
Of life’s mean offices, and sickly joys?
But in the service of mankind to be
A guardian god below; still to employ
The mind’s brave ardour in heroic aims,
Such as may raise us o’er the grovelling herd,
And make us shine for ever—that is life.”—Thomson

140.
For other pictorial illustrations of Phaëton’s charioteership and
fall, see Plantin’s Ovid (pp. 46–49), and De Passe (16 and 17);
also Symeoni’s Vita, &c., d’Ovidio (edition 1559, pp. 32–34).

141.
Ovid’s Metamorphoses, by Crispin de Passe (editions 1602 and
1607, p. 10), presents the fable well by a very good device.

142.
See the reprint of The Dialoges of Creatures Moralysed, by
Joseph Haslewood, 4to, London, 1816 (Introd., pp. viij and ix).

143.
With the addition of two friends in conversation seated beneath
the elm and vine, Boissard and Messin (1588, pp. 64, 65) give
the same device, to the mottoes, “Amicitiæ Immortali,”—To
immortal friendship: “Parfaite est l’Amitié qui vit après la mort.”

144.
“Centvm Fabvlæ ex Antiqvis delectæ, et a Gabriele Faerno
Cremonense carminibus explicatæ. Antuerpiæ ex officina
Christoph. Plantini, M.D.LXXXIII.” 16mo. pp. 1–171.
145.
See the French version of Æsop, with 150 beautiful vignettes,
“Les Fables et la Vie d’Esope:” “A Anvers En l’imprimerie
Plantiniēne Chez la Vefue, & Jean Mourentorf, M.D.XCIII.” Here the
bird is a jay (see p. 117, Du Gay, xxxi); and the peacocks are the
avengers upon the base pretender to glories not his own.

146.
Cervantes and Shakespeare died about the same time,—it may
be, on the same day; for the former received the sacrament of
extreme unction at Madrid 18th of April, 1616, and died soon
after; and the latter died the 23rd of April, 1616.

147. Paralleled in Æsop’s Fables, Antwerp, 1593; by Fab. xxxviii., De l

Espriuier & du Rossignol; lii., De l Oyseleur & du Merle; and
lxxvii., Du Laboureur & de la Cigoigne.

148.
Identical almost with “La fin covronne l’oevvre” in Messin’s
version of Boissard’s Emblematum Liber (4to, 1588), where (p.
20) we have the device of the letter Y as emblematical of human
life; and at the end of the stanzas the lines,—
“L’estroit est de vertu le sentier espineux,
Qui couronne de vie en fin le vertueux:
C’est ce que considere en ce lieu Pythagore.”

149.
In the Emblems of Lebens-Batillius (4to, Francfort, 1596),
human life is compared to a game with dice. The engraving by
which it is illustrated represents three men at play with a
backgammon-board before them.

150.
The skeleton head on the shield in Death’s escutcheon by
Holbein, may supply another pictorial illustration, but it is not
sufficiently distinctive to be dwelt on at any length. The fac-
 simile reprints by Pickering, Bohn, Quaritch, or Brothers, render
direct reference to the plate very easy.

151.
A note of inquiry, from Mr. W. Aldis Wright, of Trinity College,
Cambridge, asking me if Shakespeare’s thought may not have
been derived from an emblematical picture, informs me that he
has an impression of having “somewhere seen an allegorical
picture of a child looking through the eyeholes of a skull.”

152.
In Johnson’s and Steeven’s Shakespeare (edition 1785, vol. x. p.
434) the passage is thus explained, “Sir John Suckling, in one of
his letters, may possibly allude to this same story. ‘It is the story
of the jackanapes and the partridges; thou starest after a beauty
till it is lost to thee, and then let’st out another, and starest after
that till it is gone too.’”

153.
See a most touching account of a she-hear and her whelps in
the Voyage of Discovery to the North Seas in 1772, under
Captain C. J. Phipps, afterwards Lord Mulgrave.

154.
“Zodiacvs Christianvs, seu signa 12, diuinæ Prædestinationis,
&c., à Raphaele Sadelero, 12mo, p. 126, Monaci CD. DCXVIII.”

155.
See also the Emblems of Camerarius (pt. iii. edition 1596, Emb.
47), where the turkey is figured to illustrate “Rabie svccensa
tvmescit,”—Being angered it swells with rage.

“Quam deforme malum ferventi accensa furore

Ira sit, iratis Indica monstrat avis,”—

“How odious an evil to the violent anger may be

Inflamed to fury.—the Indian bird shows to the angry.”
156.
See also other passages from the Georgics,—
“Ut, cum prima novi ducent examina reges
Vere suo.” iv. 21.

“Sin autem ad pugnam exierint, nam sæpe duobus

Regibus incessit magno discordia motu.” iv. 67.

Description of the kings (iv. 87–99),—

“tu regibus alas
Eripe.” iv. 106.

And,—
“ipsæ regem parvosque Quirites
Sufficiunt, aulasque ei cerea regna refingunt.” iv, 201.

157. At a time even later than Shakespeare’s the idea of a king-bee

prevailed; Waller, the poet of the Commonwealth, adopted it, as
in the lines to Zelinda,—
“Should you no honey vow to taste
But what the master-bees have placed
In compass of their cells, how small
A portion to your share will fall.”

In Le Moine’s Devises Heroiqves et Morales (4to, Paris, 1649, p.

8) we read, “Du courage & du conseil au Roy des abeilles,”—and
the creature is spoken of as a male.

158.
To mention only Joachim Camerarius, edition 1596, Ex Volatilibus
(Emb. 29–34); here are no less than five separate devices
connected with Hawking or Falconry.
159.
Take an example from the Paraphrase in an old Psalter: “The
arne,” i.e. the eagle, “when he is greved with grete elde, his neb
waxis so gretely, that he may nogt open his mouth and take
mete: hot then he smytes his neb to the stane, and has away
the slogh, and then he gaes til mete, and he commes yong a
gayne. Swa Crist duse a way fra us oure elde of syn and
mortalite, that settes us to ete oure brede in hevene, and newes
us in hym.”

160.
The Virgin, in Brucioli’s Signs of the Zodiac, as given in our Plate
XIII., has a unicorn kneeling by her side, to be fondled.

161.
The wonderful curative and other powers of the horn are set
forth in his Emblems by Joachim Camerarius, Ex Animalibus
Quadrupedibus (Emb. 12, 13 and 14). He informs us that
“Bartholomew Alvianus, a Venetian general, caused to be
inscribed on his banner, I drive away poisons, intimating that
himself, like a unicorn putting to flight noxious and poisonous
animals, would by his own warlike valour extirpate his enemies
of the contrary factions.”

162.
See the fable of the Wolf and the Ass from the Dialogues of
Creatures (pp. 53–55 of this volume).

163.
See p. 11 of J. Payne Collier’s admirably executed Reprint of “The
Phœnix Nest,” from the original edition of 1593.

164.
There are similar thoughts in Shakespeare’s Phœnix and Turtle
(Works, lines 25 and 37, vol. ix. p. 671),—
 “Property was thus
“So they loved, as And,
appalled,
love in twain —
That the self was
Had the essence
not the
but in one;
same;
Two distincts,
Single nature’s
division
double
none,
name
Number there in
Neither two nor
love was
one was
slain.”
called.”

165.
Reusner adopts this first line from Ovid’s Fable of the Phœnix
(Metam., bk. xv. 37. l. 3),—
“Sed thuris lacrymis, & succo vivit amomi.”

166.
To render it still more useful, the words should receive
something of classification, as in Cruden’s Concordance to the
English Bible, and the number of the line should be given as well
as of the Act and Scene.

167. The whole stanza as given on the last page, beginning with the
line,—
“The Pellican, for to reuiue her younge,”

is quoted in Knight’s “Pictorial Shakspere” (vol. i. p. 154), in

illustration of these lines from Hamlet concerning “the kind life-
rendering pelican.” The woodcut which Knight gives is also
copied from Whitney, and the following remark added,
—“Amongst old books of emblems there is one on which
Shakspere himself might have looked, containing the subjoined
representation. It is entitled ‘A Choice of Emblemes and other
 Devices by Geffrey Whitney, 1586.’” Knight thus appears
prepared to recognise what we contend for, that Emblem writers
were known to Shakespeare.

168.
Virgil’s Æneid (bk. xii. 412–414), thus expressed in Dryden’s
rendering, will explain the passage; he is speaking of Venus,—
“A branch of healing dittany she brought:
Which in the Cretan fields with care she sought:
Rough is the stem, which wooly leafs surround;
The leafs with flow’rs, the flow’rs with purple crown’d.”

See also Joachim Camerarius, Ex Animalibus Quadrup. (ed.

1595, Emb. 69, p. 71).

169.
In Haechtan’s Parvus Mundus (ed. 1579), Gerard de Jode
represents the sleeping place as “sub tegmine fagi,”—but the
results of the mistake as equally unfortunate with those in Bellay
and Whitney.

170.
See “Archæologia,” vol. xxxv. 1853, pp. 167–189; “Observations
on the Origin of the Division of Man’s Life into Stages. By John
Winter Jones, Esq.”

171.
It may be noted that the Romans understood by Pueritia the
period from infancy up to the 17th year; by Adolescentia, the
period from the age of 15 to 30; by Juventus, the season of life
from the 20th to the 40th year. Virilitas, manhood, began when
in the 16th year a youth assumed the virilis toga, “the manly
gown.”
172.
Soon after Whitney’s time this emblem was repeated in that very
odd and curious volume; “Stamm Buch, Darinnen Christliche
Tugenden Beyspiel Einhundert ausserlesener Emblemata, mit
schönen Kupffer-stücke geziener:” Franckfurt-am-Mayn, Anno
MDCXIX. 8vo, pp. 447. At p. 290, Emb. 65, with the words “Ubi
es?” there is the figure of Adam hiding behind a tree, and among
descriptive stanzas in seven or eight languages, are some
intended to be specimens of the language at that day spoken
and written in Britain:—
“Adam did breake God’s commandement,
In Paradise against his dissent,
Therefore he hyde him vnder a tree
Because his Lorde, him should not see.
But (alas) to God is all thing euident.
Than he faunde him in a moment
And will alwayes such wicked men
Feind, if they doo from him runn.”

173.
For a fine Emblem to illustrate this passage, see “Horatii
Emblemata,” by Otho Vænius, pp. 58, 59, edit. Antwerp, 4to,
1612; also pp. 70 and 71, to give artistic force to the idea of the
“just man firm to his purpose.”

174.
Shakespeare illustrated by parallelisms from the Fathers of the
Church might, I doubt not, be rendered very interesting and
instructive by a writer of competent learning and enthusiasm,
not to name it furore, in behalf of his subject.

175.
Opera, vol. i. p. 649 B, Francofurti, 1620.
176.
Reference might be made also to Whitney’s fine tale, Concerning
Envy and Avarice, which immediately follows the Description of
Envy.

177. The original lines are,—

“Innvmeris agitur Respublica nostra procellis,
Et spes venturæ sola salutis adest:
Non secus ac nauis medio circum æquore, venti,
Quam rapiunt; falsis tamq. fatiscit aquis.
Quòd si Helenæ adueniant lucentia sidera fratres:
Amissos animos spes bona restituit.”

178.
The original lines by Hadrian Junius are,—
“Oculata, pennis fulta, sublimem vehens
Calamum aurea inter astra Fama collocat.
Illustre claris surgit è scriptis decus,
Feritque perpes vertice alta sidera.”

179.
“A third,” in the modern sense of the word, is just nonsense, and
therefore we leave the reading of the Cambridge edition, and
abide by those critics who tell us that thread was formerly spelt
thrid or third. See Johnson and Steevens’ Shakspeare, vol. i. ed.
1785, p. 92.

180.
Can this be an allusion to Holbein’s Last Judgment and
Escutcheon of Death in his Simulachres de la Mort, ed. 1538?

181.
“Cicero dict que Alcidamus vng Rheteur antique escripuit les
louanges de la Mort, en les quelles estoient cõtenuz les nombres
des maulx des humains, & ce pour leur faire desirer la Mort. Car
 si le dernier iour n’amaine extinction, mais commutation de lieu,
Quest il plus a desirer? Et s’il estainct & efface tout, Quest il rien
meilleur, que de s’ endormir au milieu des labeurs de ceste vie &
ainsi reposer en vng sempiternel sommeil.”

182.
For many other instances of similarities in the use of old words,
see the Appendix, I. p. 497.

183.
Were it only for the elegance and neat turn of the lines, we
insert an epigram on a dog, by Joachim du Bellay, given in his
Latin Poems, printed at Paris in 1569,—
“Latratu fures excepi;—mutus amantes;
Sic placui domino, sic placui dominæ.”

i.e.
“With barking the thieves I awaited,—in silence the lovers;
So pleased I the master,—so pleased I the mistress.”

184.
“Tarre,” i.e. provoke or urge; see Johnson and Steevens’
Shakespeare, vol. ix. p. 48, note.

185.
See “Horace his Arte of Poetrie, pistles, and satyres, englished”
by Thomas Drant, 410, 1567.

186.
The character, however, of the animal is named in Midsummer
Night’s Dream (act ii. sc. 1, l. 181), where Titania may look—
“On meddling monkey, or on busy ape.”

187. See woodcut in this volume, p. 37.

 Transcriber’s Note
The table at the end of this note summarizes any
corrections to the text that have been deemed to be
printer’s errors. Proper names have been mostly allowed
to stand as well, given the vagaries of spelling and
translation in the originals, with the exception of Diane of
Poi[c]tiers, whose name is consistently spelled without the
‘c’, save in the one instance noted.
The paragraph at the bottom of p. 19, beginning with ‘For
the nature of Fictile ornamentation...’ ends with a double
quotation mark which is unmatched. It is not clear where
the quotation begins, since the passage seems to be
partly paraphrasing. The quotation has been allowed to
stand.
The spelling of the emblem-writer ‘Cœlius’ in the General
Index disagrees with that given in the table on p. 89 as
‘Cælius’.
On p. 39, an illustration serves as a border for the text.
This has been approximated here, but, depending on
browser settings, may not display correctly.
On p. 289 and p. 418, the ornate dropcap
letters for ‘F’ and ‘L’ on the opening lines of
poetry has not been reproduced, but can be
seen here.
The text makes frequent use of now-
obsolete contractions, ligatures, and scribal
abbreviations. The Greek terminal -os ( )
ligature is rendered here using an inline
image. The Latin terminal -que ( ) is
rendered as ‘q́₃’. There is a French terminal
‘e’ which appears with a slash as . This is
rendered as ‘é̩ ’.
The index entry for the Latin phrase Malè parta, malè
dilabuntur includes a reference to p. 502, where it is not
mentioned. The emblem associated with the phrase
appears on p. 487. The incorrect page reference was
retained, but a link is provided to the correct location.
p. 5 n. 9 [“]Quidam ... Added.
p. 79 Bartholo[æm/mæ]us Transposed.
Taëgius
p. of his temper and Added.
129 inclination.[”]
p. Pericles, Prince of Tyre,” Added.
174 was first pu[b]lished
p. n. used by Diana of Removed.
183 106 Poi[c]tiers
p. [“]O thou great thunder- Added.
257 darter of Olympus
p. Of an instrume[u/n]t Corrected.
271
p. Brucioli’s Trattato della Corrected.
545 sphera, 1543, Zodiac,
Plate [XIV/XIII]., 353.
p. Pignorius, Vetustissimæ Added.
562 tabulæ, 1605[, 95];
p. Rubens, d[e/i]sciple of Corrected.
564 Vænius
p. Servati gratia [av/ciu]is Corrected.
565
p. Dramatic c[e/a]reer, 1590– Corrected.
566 1615
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