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Project_Report[1]

The document outlines the design and implementation of a fire-fighting robot using an Arduino UNO microcontroller and IR flame sensors to detect and extinguish fires autonomously. The robot navigates towards the fire using BO motors and activates a mini water pump to suppress the flames. The project aims to provide a cost-effective solution for fire response in hazardous areas, with future improvements suggested for enhanced capabilities.

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127 views7 pages

Project_Report[1]

The document outlines the design and implementation of a fire-fighting robot using an Arduino UNO microcontroller and IR flame sensors to detect and extinguish fires autonomously. The robot navigates towards the fire using BO motors and activates a mini water pump to suppress the flames. The project aims to provide a cost-effective solution for fire response in hazardous areas, with future improvements suggested for enhanced capabilities.

Uploaded by

choudharyhammad21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY JAMSHORO

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING JAMSHORO

TITLE PAGE:
FIRE FIGHTER ROBOT USING ARDUINO

GROUP MEMBER:
23EL030
23EL016
23EL050
23EL056
23EL-X006

SUBMITTED TO: MAAM ARSHA RATHI


SIR BURHAN ASLAM
1. Abstract
This project presents a prototype of a fire-fighting robot designed to detect and extinguish small
fires in hazardous or inaccessible areas. Using flame detection sensors and an embedded Arduino
UNO microcontroller, the robot identifies the presence of fire and responds by navigating toward
it using BO motors. Once the fire source is located, a mini water pump activates to extinguish the
flame. The system is a simple, low-cost, and autonomous solution aimed at reducing the response
time in fire incidents, especially in industrial or domestic environments. Key components include
IR flame sensors, Arduino UNO, a motor driver (L298), and a water-pumping mechanism. The
expected outcome is a functional robot capable of fire detection and suppression in controlled
environments.

2. Introduction
Background
Fires, especially in enclosed or remote environments, pose a significant risk to human life and
infrastructure. Rapid response and suppression are critical for minimizing damage.
Importance
Developing autonomous systems for fire detection and suppression can save lives and reduce
dependency on human firefighters, particularly in scenarios that are dangerous or unreachable.
Objectives
 To design and implement a fire-fighting robotic prototype.
 To utilize embedded systems and sensors for autonomous operation.
 To integrate a real-time fire detection and suppression mechanism.

3. Literature Review / Existing Solutions

Several fire-fighting robots have been developed using advanced sensors and AI. Commercial
systems often rely on thermal imaging and expensive hardware. Some academic prototypes use
gas sensors, flame detectors, and basic microcontrollers.
Our approach emphasizes cost-efficiency and simplicity. We employ easily accessible
components such as IR flame sensors and Arduino UNO to create a compact, mobile, and
functional prototype suitable for educational and proof-of-concept applications.
4. Proposed System
Block Diagram

System Description
The robot continuously scans the environment using three IR flame sensors. Upon flame
detection, it navigates toward the fire using four BO motors controlled by the L298 motor driver.
Once in range, the system activates a mini water pump to extinguish the fire. A mini servo can be
used to control the pump’s direction if necessary.

6.HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TOOLS:


1) Hardware Components
2) IR 4-pin Flame Sensors x3
3) Arduino UNO
4) Chassis
5) BO Motors x4 (with wheels)
6) L298 Motor Driver Module
7) Solder-less Breadboard
8) Mini Servo Motor
9) 5V Water Pump + Pipe
10) Water Tank/Bottle
11) 3.7V Batteries (18650) x2
12) Jumper Wires
13) TIP-122 Transistor
14) 104pf Capacitor
15) 1K Resistor

Software Tools
1) Arduino IDE – For programming and uploading code to Arduino UNO
2) Embedded C – Programming language used

7. Methodology
Step-by-Step Implementation
1) Assembled the chassis and mounted BO motors with wheels.
2) Connected IR flame sensors to the Arduino UNO
3) Installed the L298 motor driver to control motor movement.
4) Interfaced the water pump using a TIP-122 transistor circuit.
5) Programmed the Arduino using Arduino IDE (Embedded C).
6) Uploaded code to detect flame and move the robot toward the fire.
7) On detecting fire, activated the pump and sprayed water.
8) Tested and debugged each stage of implementation.

Flowchart / Algorithm
1) Start
2) Initialize sensors and motors
3) Continuously monitor flame sensors
4) If flame detected:
→ Move robot toward flame
→ Turn on water pump
1) If no flame detected:
→ Continue scanning
Repeat process
How the System Works
The flame sensors continuously scan for fire. Once detected, the Arduino calculates direction and
commands the motors to move accordingly. Upon approaching the fire source, the water pump
activates and extinguishes the fire. The robot then resumes scanning.

8. Results & Testing


.Images of Working Hardware

Observations
 Robot correctly detects fire from 20–30 cm distance.
 Water pump responds effectively and sprays toward fire.
 Minor deviation in direction during movement due to surface friction.

Challenges Faced
 Maintaining sensor accuracy in bright ambient light.
 Ensuring stable electrical connections while in motion.
 Balancing the weight of water tank with the chassis structure.
 Limited pressure of mini water pump.
9. Individual Contribution

23EL056 Wrote, debugged, embedded, and executed the


entire code on Arduino UNO board.

23EL030 Made connections between components like


Arduino UNO, breadboard, motor driver, pump
motor, and BO motors.
23EL050 Collected project data and compiled the project
report and presentation.
23EL016 Designed and built the physical structure of the
robot (chassis and wheels).
23EL-X06 Performed soldering to secure electrical
connections during robot movement.

10.Conclusion
Summary of Achievements
Successfully built a prototype fire-fighting robot.
Demonstrated real-time flame detection and automatic fire extinguishing.
Achieved autonomous movement and fire response using embedded systems.

Limitations
Detection range limited by IR flame sensor sensitivity.
Pump spray distance is short and may not reach distant fires.
Requires flat surface for smooth movement.

Future Scope/Improvements
Integrate GPS and remote control features.
Replace IR sensors with thermal imaging for better accuracy.
Improve water tank capacity and pump pressure.
Add obstacle avoidance capability.
11.References
Arduino UNO Datasheet – www.arduino.cc
IR Flame Sensor Module Technical Guide
L298 Motor Driver Datasheet
TIP122 Transistor Datasheet
Embedded C Programming Tutorials – www.tutorialspoint.com
Arduino IDE Documentation

12.Appendix

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