E-BUS PASS REGISTRATION AND

RENEWALSYSTEM
Project Report submitted to Bharathiar University in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE (BSC.CS)

Submitted by

R. SRUTHIKA
(REGNO: 2122K2014)

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. SAKILA M.C.A.., M.Phil..,

2021-2024

DEPARTMENTOFCOMPUTERSCIENCE

CSIBISHOPAPPASAMYCOLLEGEOFARTSANDSCIENCE

COIMBATORE – 641 018

CERTIFICATE
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “E-BUS PASS REGITRATION AND RENEWAL
MANAGEMENTSYSTEM “submitted by R.SRUTHIKA (Register No: 2122K2014), in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree Bachelor of Science in
Computer Science, Bharathiar University for the academic period 2021-2024, was done
under my guidance and is a record of the original work of the candidate.

Signature of the Candidate Signature of the Guide

Signature of the HOD

Submitted for the viva-voce Examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

DECLARATION
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled “E-BUS PASS REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
of the degree Bachelor of Science in Computer Science is are part of original work done by
me during my period of study in CSI Bishop Appasamy College of Arts and Science,
affiliated to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, under the supervision of Mrs. SAKILA
M.C.A.., M.Phil..,

Date:

Place:

Signature of the Candidate

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the very outset, I am much grateful to LORD THE ALMIGHTY who has rendered
special blessings throughout this project and my career.

I hereby acknowledge my deep gratitude to the management and Rev.David Barnabas

Secretary for her constant encouragement and blessing.

My sincere grateful thanks to our beloved Principal Dr. Mrs. Jemima Winston, M.Com,
M.Phil., Ph.D., Bishop Appasamy College of Arts and Science for providing me an opportunity
to develop this project.

I am extremely thankful to our Vice Principal and HOD Mr. G. Paul Suthan, M.Sc.,
M.Phil., (Ph.D), Bishop Appasamy College of Arts and Science for their support which
motivated me to carry out this project.

I express my deep sense of gratitude and heartfelt thanks to my project guide Mrs. Sakila
M.C.A.., M.Phil.., Assistant professor Department of Computer Science, for her enthusiastic
encouragement, response, guidance and advice throughout this project.

I wish to express my thanks to all the Staffs of Department of Computer Science for their
help, timely suggestions and moral support for bringing out this project work.

I extend my thanks to the Librarian for her timely co-operations on providing books for
reference.

It is difficult to adequately express my gratefulness to My beloved parents who have

undertaken willingly all the demands placed upon them and were a source of constant
encouragement. It is my pleasure to record my gratitude to my beloved Classmates and Friends
who labored over every phase of countless hours.
ABSTRACT
 ABSTRACT

The project entitled as “E-BUS PASS REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM”. The real time project which helps the passengers who are facing issues with the present manual
work of bus pass registration and renewal system. The online bus pass registration application which help
the passengers to save their time and renewal of bus pass goes without standing in a line for hours near
counters and without standing in a queue. At first, user of this application need to register with the
application by submitting details. Then the user can perform tasks such as bus pass registration and renewal.
This allows easy retrieval and management of passenger information, making the registration and renewal
process efficient and accurate. It provides a convenient way for passengers to access and review their pass
information such as validity dates. Transport authorities also benefit from this system, as it enables them to
track efficiently. Overall, the E-Bus pass registration and renewal management system provides a
comprehensive solution for managing bus pass registration and renewals for both passengers and transport
authorities.
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

CHAPTERS CONTENTS PAGENO

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

1.2 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

1.2.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

1.2.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

1.2.3 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

2. SYSTEM STUDY

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

2.1.1 DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

2.2.1 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

3. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 DESIGN NOTATION

3.1.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

3.1.2 DFD SYMBOLS

3.1.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF DFD’S

3.2 DATABASE DESIGN

3.3 INPUT DESIGN

3.4 OUTPUT DESIGN

3.5 MODULES

3.5.1 DESCRIPTION OF MODULES

4. TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 SYSTEM TESTING

4.1.1 UNIT TESTING

4.1.2 INTEGRATION TESTING

4.1.3 PERFORMANCE TESTING

5. CONCLUSION

6. SCOPE OF FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

BIBILIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

SCREENSHOTS
SAMPLECODING
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

A bus pass is a ticket that allows a passenger of the service to take either a certain number of
pre-purchased trips or unlimited trips within a fixed period of time.

Depending on the transport network and on how much the pass issued, the pass may offer varying
discounts compared with trips that are purchased individually. While transit passes can generally
be purchased at full price by anyone wishing to use the services senior citizens, the disabled,
students and some others are often able to get them at a reduced price many employers, colleges,
and universities will subsidize the cost of them, or sometimes the full amount. Some public
transport networks will allow certainty, including police officers, fire fighters, active military, and
their own employees to ride their services free with proper identification and without the need to
purchase a pass.

This project is created to provide timesaving, comfortable and safe services for passengers. Due
to the drawbacks present in the existing system, got the idea of creating this project of generating
the bus pass through online which can help passengers. In the existing system passengers had to
do each and every process manually, but this project helps passengers to make their work faster
and easy. Passengers can buy the bus pass through the internet. This system is also used the to
save the students time. Payment is static in this project.
1.2 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

1.2.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

Processor : Intel P-IV based system

Processor Speed : 2.0. GHz
Hard disk : 40GB to 80GB
Ram : 1 GB
Mouse : Standard
Monitor : SVGA color
Keyboard : 104 keys Logitech

1.2.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

Server : Xampp,Wampp (Apache)

Frontend : HTML, PHP
Backend : MySQL
Operating system : Windows 7 or higher

1.2.3 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

PHP

PHP stands for Hyper text Preprocessor. PHP scripts run inside Apache server or Microsoft IIS.
PHP and Apache server are free. PHP code is very easy. PHP is most used server scripting
language. PHP scripts run inside the Apache server or Microsoft IIS. Hypertext Preprocessor
(PHP) is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but also used as
a general-purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP
reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Development Team. PHP originally stood
for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive acronym. PHP code may be embedded
into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various web template systems, web content
management systems and web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter
implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable.
The web server combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be any
type of data, including images, with the generated web page.
PHP code may also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to
implement standalone graphical applications. The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend
Engine, is free software released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be
deployed on most web servers on almost every operating system and platform, free of charge. The
PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until 2014, leaving the
canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014 work has gone on to create a formal
PHP specification. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is
especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Instead of lots of
commands to output HTML, PHP pages contain HTML with embedded code that does
"something".

FUNCTIONS OF PHP
 Generate dynamic page content.
 Create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server.
 Collect form data.
 Send and receive cookies.
 Add, delete and modify data in your database.
 Can be used to control user-access.
 Can encrypt data.

ADVANTAGES OF USING PHP:

 It was among the first server-side languages that could be embedded into HTML, making it
easier to add functionality to web pages without needing to call external files for data.
 Generate dynamic web pages. Process the contents of HTML forms. We can use a PHP to
retrieve and respond to the data entered into an HTML form.
 It can create database driven web pages. A PHP can insert new data or retrieve the existing
data from the database such as MYSQL.


MYSQL

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). It is the most

popular database system used with PHP. MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by
Oracle Corporation. MySQL is a database system used for developing web-based software
applications.Some of the most famous websites like Facebook, Wikipedia, Google (not for search),
YouTube. A large number of web developers worldwide are using MySQL to develop web
applications.

The popular reasons are:

 MySQL server design is multi-layered within dependent modules.

 MySQL is fully multithreaded.

 MySQL Handles large databases.
 MySQL Works on many different platforms.
 CHAPTER-2
SYSTEM STUDY

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

In existing system bus pass registration and renewal process are carried out manually. The person
who has to visit the counter and have to submit the details and then they have to wait for approval.
For each and every process there is a limit specified if the person fails to go on time then all
transaction will be cancelled. The project metrics has to enter all the details of the project,
documents and tasks. And, also the maintenance team information and also efforts estimation. For
this purpose the organization maintain the size of the document, source code and update the
information about the team members details manually. System analysis is performed to determine
whether it is feasible to design information based on policies and plans of the organization and on
user requirements and to eliminate the weaknesses of the present system. Which is much of time
consuming process and more importantly it is error prone. At present system bus pass collect from
every depot very rare one.

2.1.1 DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

 It is time consuming.
 It consumes lot of man power to better results.
 Retrieval of data takes lot of time.
 Reports take time to produce.
 Percentage of accuracy is less.
 It lacks of data security.

2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system is designed to overcome the major drawbacks of the existing manual system.
In the proposed system user register their details through online and get their unique username and
password for further processing.
In the bus pass all the required details such as name, address, date of birth, mail id, validity period,
amount paid and photo copy of the user will be provided. This E bus pass application comforts
pupils and other commuters to acquire their bus passes online and eliminate the need of standing in
queue. The renewal process can be done monthly as per user wish. Minimum time is required to
process and to generate bus pass.

2.2.1 FEATURES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

 To make accuracy and efficient calculations.

 To provide proper information briefly.

 To provide huge maintenance of record.

 Flexibility of transactions can be complete in time.

 CHAPTER-3
SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

3.1 DESIGN NOTATION

3.3.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analyze movement of data through a
system. These are the central tool and the basis from which the other components are developed.
The transformation of data from input to output, through processed, may be described logically and
independently of physical components associated with the system. These are known as the logical
data flow diagrams. The physical data flow diagrams show the actual implements and movement
of data between people, departments and workstations. A full description of a system actually
consists of a set of data flow diagrams. The development of DFD’S is done in several levels. Each
process in lower level diagrams can be broken down into a more detailed DFD in the next level
The idea behind the explosion of a process into more process is that understanding at one level of
detail is exploded into greater detail at the next level. This is done until further explosion is necessary
and an adequate amount of detail is described for analyst to understand the process.

3.1.2 DFD SYMBOLS

In the DFD, there are four symbols

 A rectangle defines a source (originator) or destination of system data.

 An arrow identifies data flow. It is pipeline through which the information flows.

 A circle or bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into outgoing
data flows.

 An open rectangle is a data store, data at rest or a temporary repository of data.

Source or destination of data

 Data flow

Data store

Process

3.1.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF DFD’S

 The DFD shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision are controlled considerations
do not appear on a DFD.
 The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the dataflow take
place daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.
 The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD.


Level 0

Registration/
User Enter renewal
Result


Level 1
Login/Registration Login/Registration

Login Process
Main dashboard

Registration Registration DB
Logi
n

Renewal / Update
Registration DB

View Module
Registration DB

Delete Data
Registration DB

3.2 DATABASE DESIGN

The data in the system has to be stored and retrieved from database. Designing the database is part
of system design. Data elements and data structures to be stored have been identified at analysis
stage. They are structured and put together to design the data storage and retrieval system.A
database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to serve many users
quickly and efficiently. The general objective is to make database access easy, quick, inexpensive
and flexible for the user. Relationships are established between the data items and unnecessary
data items are removed. Normalization is done to get an internal consistency of data and to have
minimum redundancy and maximum stability. This ensures minimizing data storage required,
minimizing chances of data inconsistencies and optimizing for updates. The MS Access database
has been chosen for developing the relevant databases.
Login table:
Primary Key: User Id

Field name Data type Size Field Description

Id int 20 Id of Login
User type varchar 20 User type of user
Username varchar 25 Username of the user
Password varchar 25 Password of the user

Registration table:
Primary Key: Id

Field name Data type Size Field Description

Id int 20 Id of Registration
Username varchar 25 Username of customer
Password varchar 25 Password of user
Name varchar 30 Name of the user
Email varchar 50 Email of user
Mobile no int 10 Mobile no of user
DOB int 10 Date Of Birth of user
Age int 10 Age of user
Gender varchar 20 Gender of user
Address varchar 70 Address of user

Plan of passes:
Primary key: Id

Field name Data table Size Field Description

Id int 20 Id of user
Plan name varchar 25 Plan name of Bus pass
Days int 50 Days of the pass
Cost int 15 Cost of the pass
Pass purchase table:
Primary key: Id

Field name Data type Size Field Description

Id int 20 Id of user
Expiry date date 25 Expiry date of the bus
pass
Purchase date date 25 Purchase date of the
bus pass
Plan Id int 25 Plan Id of the bus pass

3.3 INPUT DESIGN

Input design is the process of converting an external user oriented description of input system into a
machine oriented format. The source document is prepared for the input of data in order to make the
entry accurate and impact the source document was prepared. The data element were sent out in a
system in which the data entry operator would easily follow.
In accurate, input data is the most common cause of errors in data processing. Errors found at the
data entry can be controlled by the proper input design. The input was designed with the following
objectives.

 To produce a cost effective method.

 To get the highest level of accuracy.

 To ensure that the input is acceptable and understandable by the people who
are using it.


3.4 OUTPUT DESIGN

Output design is a process that involves designing for necessary output that have to be given to
various users according to their requirements. Efficient and intelligible output design will improve the
system relationship with the user and help in decision making. Since the reports are directly required
by the management for taking decision and to draw conclusion, they must be designed with almost
care to the user. The options for the output and report are given in the system menu.
When designing output, system analyst must accomplish the following;

 Determine the information to be present.

 Arrange the present of information in acceptable format.

 Determine how to distribute the output.

3.5 MODULES

ADMIN MODULE

 Dashboard
 Category
 Passes
 Pages
 Enquiry
 Reports
 Search

USER MODULE

 Home page
 About Us
 Apply bus pass
 View pass
 Renewal pass
 Contact Us
3.5.1 DESCRIPTION OF MODULES

ADMIN MODULE

Dashboard:
In this sections, admin can briefly view the total number of category and how many pass will be
generated in one day, yesterdays and last seven’s days.
Category:
In this section, admin can manage category (add/update).

Passes:
In this section, admin can manage pass(add/update/take print pass).

Pages:
In this section, admin can update about us and contact us pages.

Enquiry:
In this section, admin read the enquiries which are send by users.
Reports:
In this section admin can generate pass reports between two dates.

Search:
In this section, admin can search a particular pass by pass number.

Admin can also update his profile, change the password and recover the password.

USER MODULE

Home Page:
User can visit home page.

Login:
User can login to the web page using user id and password.

Apply bus pass:

User can apply pass by giving the distance to travel.
Renew bus pass:
User can renew their existing pass using this website.

View Pass:
User can view his/her pass and take print with the help of their pass number.

About Us:
User sees the details of .website administrator.

Contact Us:
User can contact with website administrator.
 CHAPTER-4
TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 SYSTEM TESTING

SOFTWARE TESTING TECHNIQUES

Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance andrepresents the ultimate review of

specification, designing and coding.

TESTING OBJECTIVES:

 Testing is process of executing a program with the intent of finding anerror.

 A good test case design is one that has a probability of finding an as yet

undiscovered error.

 A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error.These above

objectives imply a dramatic change in view port.

Testing cannot show the absence of defects, it can only show that softwareerrors are present.

There are three types of testing strategies

 Unit test
 Integration test
 Performance test

4.1.1 UNIT TESTING

Unit testing focuses verification efforts on the smallest unit of software design module. The
unit test is always white box oriented. The tests that occur as part of unit testing are testing
the module interface, examining the local data structures, testing the boundary conditions,
execution all the independent paths and testing error-handling paths.
4.1.2 INTEGRATION TESTING
Integration testing is a systematic technique or construction the program structure while at the
same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. Scope of testing
summarizes the specific functional, performance, and internal design characteristics that are to
be tested. It employs top-down testing and bottom-up testing methods for this case.

4.1.3 PERFORMANCE TESTING

Timing for both read and update transactions should be gathered to determine whether system
functions are being performed in an acceptable timeframe.