2.

1 SECTION 051000 - STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING

KING ABDULLAH FINANCIAL DISTRICT A.04 TOWERS AND CAR PARK CONCEPT DESIGN WSP
Project No. 55001340 20 October 2022
KAFD
STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

SECTION 051000 – STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING................................................................................................ 2

GENERAL .................................................................................................................................................. 2
SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................................................2
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................2
REFERENCE STANDARDS ..........................................................................................................................3
SUBMITTALS.................................................................................................................................................5
CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS ............................................................................................................................9
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................9
QUALITY ASSURANCE............................................................................................................................... 10
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING ................................................................................................... 13
PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................................................. 15
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................................ 15
MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 16
FABRICATION ............................................................................................................................................. 17
PAINTING .................................................................................................................................................... 20
GALVANISING ............................................................................................................................................. 22
EXECUTION ............................................................................................................................................ 22
GENERAL .................................................................................................................................................... 22
EXAMINATION ............................................................................................................................................ 23
PREPARATION ........................................................................................................................................... 23
INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................................ 23
TOLERANCES ............................................................................................................................................. 25
SITE QUALITY CONTROL .......................................................................................................................... 26
ADJUSTING AND CLEANING ..................................................................................................................... 29
PROTECTION .............................................................................................................................................. 29

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

SECTION 051000 – STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING

GENERAL

SUMMARY

Related Documents

Read this work section in conjunction with other related work sections, Division 01 general
requirements, the design drawings and the contract conditions.

Read this work Section in conjunction with the Project Specific Fire and Life Safety report.
Related Work Sections:

053113 Steel Floor Decking

033000 Cast-In-Place Concrete

Work Section Includes:

Materials, Design, Fabrication, Erection and Corrosion protection of the structural steelwork
framing as listed below, but is not limited to the following;
a. Beams, girders, trusses and channels
b. Columns, posts, struts and hangers
c. Base plates and bearing plates
d. Furnishing anchor bolts and wall plates
e. Lintel angles, relieving angles, and all other support fittings and materials connected to the
framework, including final adjustment
f. Shop painting and field touch-up
g. Bracing, guying and surveying of erected steel
h. All connections
i. Non-shrink grout
j. All shoring and temporary bracing
k. All reinforcing and bracing of structural steel as required for erection of the work
l. Metal deck support angles or channels
m. Flooring systems Decking, chequered plates and Grating.
n. Structural Steel stairs and MEP supports
o. All other work which may reasonably be inferred as making the work of this Section complete
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

Consultants Design Verification

It is the Contractor’s responsibility to establish and meet the requirements of the Local Authority to
obtain building permit for the steel structure.
The Contractor shall, if required by the governing local authority, employ a qualified licensed Engineer,
approved by the governing authority, to verify all steel design sections indicated on the design
drawings, including member sizes, studs, pre-cambers, end forces and connection design for
temporary and permanent load conditions.
The contractor shall provide an undertaking letter, if required by the governing local authority, stating
that he has checked all aspects of the steel design for submittal to the local authority to obtain the
building permit for steel structures.

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

The contractor shall make any necessary submittals and calculations as required by governing local
authority to assist in obtaining the required permits, at no additional cost to the Employer.

Review and acceptance of the shop drawings, connection calculations and other submittals by the
Engineer, shall not relieve the Contractor or his Subcontractor(s) from their responsibility for to obtain
the approval from the local authority and obtain the building permit for steel structures. The Contractor
is responsible to incorporate any authority requirement deemed necessary by the authority at no cost
to the Employer.
REFERENCE STANDARDS

General:

All Building Codes, Industry Standard specifications and applicable By-Laws referred to in the
Specification shall be the current published editions including all latest revisions, amendments,
addendums and additions.

Reference Standards

Design standard
a. SBC 306-2018 Saudi Steel Structures Code
b. AISC CM Steel Construction Manual
c. AISC 360 Specification of structural steel building
d. AISC DG AISC Design Guides
e. AISC 327 Seismic Design Manual
f. AISC 341 Seismic Provision of structural steel building
g. AISC 358 Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for
Seismic Applications
h. RCSC Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts
i. ACI-318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
j. AWS American welding publications A,B,C and D
k. AISI S240 Standards, and Design Guides on Cold-Formed Steel Framing
Loading Standards
a. Refer to Project Specific General Notes drawing
b. UBC Uniform building code
c. ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for buildings and other Structures
d. ASCE 37 Design Loads on Structures during Construction
e. IBC International building code for loading and structural tests and inspections

Materials
a. BS EN 10025 Hot rolled products of structural steels
b. BS EN 10210 Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels
c. BS EN 10279 Hot rolled steel channels.
d. BS EN 10219: cold formed structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels.
e. BS EN 10034: structural steel I and H sections : tolerances on shape and dimensions.
f. BS EN 10056: specification for structural steel equal and unequal angles, tolerances on shape
and dimensions.
g. BS EN 10279: Hot rolled steel channels, tolerances on shape and dimensions.
h. BS EN 10056 specification for structural steel equal and unequal angles

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

i. BS EN 10034 structural steel I and H sections

j. BS EN 10143 Continuously hot-dip coated steel sheet and strip
k. ASTM A6 General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet
Piling
l. ASTM A992 Structural Steel Shapes, I sections
m. ASTM A501 Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing
n. ASTM 1066
o. ASTM A913 High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Shapes of Structural Quality, Produced by Quenching
and Self-Tempering Process (QST)
p. ASTM A572 High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel plates
q. ASTM F1554 Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105-ksi Yield Strength
r. ASTM F3125 High Strength Structural Bolts and Assemblies, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat
Treated, Metric Dimensions 830 MPa and 1040 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength [Gr. A325 - Gr.
A490]
s. ASTM A563 Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
t. ASTM F436 Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
u. ASTM A108 Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished for shear studs
v. ASTM A29 General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought for shear studs
w. ASTM D4894 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Granular Molding and Ram Extrusion Materials
x. ASTM D4895 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin Produced From Dispersion
y. ASTM D4014 Plain and Steel-Laminated Elastomeric Bearings for Bridges
z. ASTM C 942 Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the La-
boratory

Tolerances
a. AISC 303 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
b. BCSA 57 National Structural Steelwork Specification (NSSS)

Testing
a. ASNT American Society for Nondestructive Testing
b. NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers
c. BS EN ISO 2808 Determination of film thickness.
d. ASTM A435 Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
e. ASTM A770 Through-Thickness Tension Testing of Steel Plates for Special Applications
f. ASTM A123 Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
g. ASTM A143 Safeguarding Against Embrittlement of Hot-Dip Galvanized Structural Steel Products
and Procedure for Detecting Embrittlement
h. ASTM A384 Safeguarding Against Warpage and Distortion During Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel
Assemblies
i. ASTM A385 Providing High-Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot-Dip)
j. ASTM E709 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
k. ASTM E164 Standard Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments
l. ASTM C1107 Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout (Nonshrink)
m. ASTM C109 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using
2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)

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WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

n. BS 7079 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products.
o. NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code
p. ASTM E605 Standard Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Material
(SFRM) Applied to Structural Members
q. ASTM E736 Standard Test Method for Cohesion/Adhesion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials
Applied to Structural Members
r. ASFP TGD 15 Code of practice for the installation & inspection of sprayed non-reactive coat-
ings for the fire protection of structural steelwork
Others
a. AISC 326 Detailing for steel construction
b. BS EN ISO 12944 Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems. Labora-
tory performance test methods
c. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA), as amended to date.
d. AISC Steel Construction Manual, 14th Edition
SUBMITTALS

Comply with the requirements of Division 01 Submittal Procedures and submit the following at the
relevant stages;

Tender Submittals

With the tender return provide details of the proposed structural steel material source, Location of
fabrication facility, location of the design staff.
Provide all quality management systems certifications for the fabrication and erection company and
provide details of the maximum production rate of the fabrication plant.

With the tender return provide details of the CVs of key personnel involved in connection design and
fabrication and erection team
With the tender return provide details of the proposed 3rd Party testing agency

With the Tender return, provide full details of the paint supplier and paint systems proposed in order to
achieve the corrosion and fire protection specified herein.
Post Contract Samples

At the request of the Engineer, samples shall be provided for each type of Bolt, Anchor, Post fixed
anchors and steel flooring systems (open floor grating, Chequered plates / decking sheet)
Samples shall be submitted as the request by the engineer to assist in inspection procedure.
At the request of the Engineer, samples shall be provided for each corrosion protection system applied
to short lengths of steel tube.
Samples of proposed primer and undercoat colour shades shall be submitted to assist in
inspection procedures.
Post Contract Submittals

General:
a. Submittals to be in searchable format.
b. All submittals to include compliance sheet with specification.
c. Any revised submittal shall contain the Contractor’s reply of any previous submittal.
d. Any deviations from the project specifications shall be submitted as a formal request for change
for approval by the Engineer.
e. The technical requirements of this specification shall be cross-checked with the local Authorities

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requirements. In the event of conflict, the more stringent requirement shall apply.
f. Conflicting Requirements: The Contractor shall submit for review any conflicting specified re-
quirements. For the purposes of pricing, the Contractor shall assume the most onerous require-
ments shall apply.
Qualification Data: submit qualification of Erector, Fabricator, Design Engineer and testing agency.
Submit for approval all Product data or manufacturer’s specifications and installation instructions for
the following products. Include laboratory test reports and other data to demonstrate compliance with
the specifications (including referenced standards herein):
a. Structural Steel (each type), including certified copies of mill reports showing chemical and me-
chanical properties.
b. High Strength Bolts (each type), including nuts and washers including mill certificates and tension
indicators, if applicable.
c. Tension control, high strength bolt-nut-washer assemblies
d. Shear studs connectors
e. Non-shrink grout
f. Anchor Bolts
g. Sliding Joint Bearing materials
h. Paint
i. Fireproofing
j. Welding consumables
k. Post installed anchors
l. Floor grating / chequer plate
Survey Reports: Submit promptly an accurate survey of actual elevations and locations of base plates
and anchor bolts, and alignments as well as elevations of all steel as indicated on the Design
Drawings. The report shall specify that the location of the structural steel is acceptable for plumbness,
level and alignment within the specified tolerances of the Specification.
Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) & Procedure Qualification Records (PQRs): For welded
joints prequalified and non-prequalified by AWS D1.1, submit a description of welding procedures
proposed for use on structural steel a minimum of 1 month prior to use. Furnish joint welding
procedure qualification tests as required by AWS D1.1 for non-prequalified welded joints. WPS shall
follow same project grade and sub grade, refer to EN 1011-2 for EN materials. Welding procedures
shall be reviewed by the Engineer and an approved copy shall be forwarded to the Structural
Engineer.
Welding certificates of welders shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to any welding
being carried out in the shop or field.
Bolting procedures in the shop and field shall be submitted for approval prior to fabrication.
Connection test reports
a. Submit for approval all shop and field bolted and welded connection test reports, prepared by an
independent testing agency, include data on types of test carried out, specific locations and test
results. The report shall contain the following;
1). Name of inspectors
2). Description of the work
3). Description of the type of inspection
4). Type of weld (or bolts)
5). Condition of weather
6). Welding operators name and number
7). Type of welding equipment (or bolt size)

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8). Total length of weld made or bolted locations, inspection, rejection or acceptance.
9). Remarks
b. Immediately after tests or inspections have been made, the testing agency shall furnish copies of
all tests and inspection reports as follows:
1). 4 copies to the engineer
2). Permanent records of the details of all tests to be maintained by the laboratory
3). Permanent records and field books shall be available for examination by authorized parties
upon request.
Shop Drawings:
a. Submit Shop Drawings for review 21 days prior to commencing any fabrication of structural steel.
b. Prepare Shop Drawings incorporating sufficient information for the proper fabrication of the steel-
work and connections together with Shop Drawings for erection purposes and all Shop Drawings
necessary for setting out pockets and anchorage materials, including holding down bolts, to suit
the steelwork.
c. Show framing layouts, (minimum scale of 1:50) indicating dimensions, connections with adjoining
structures, materials, finishes, welds, bolts and fasteners, anchoring and all fabrication or erection
accessories required.
1). Specify Site welds, cuts, holes and fasteners.
2). Indicate welded connections on Shop Drawings using standard AWS welding symbols.
Show all welded connections with details showing size, length, location and type of welds.
Show clearly both shop and field welds, show backing bars that are to be removed and
supplemental fillet welds where backing bars are to remain.
3). Shop drawings shall be clear and with proper pen assignment and scale for proper review.
Shop drawing submittal to be supported by complete 3D model for engineer reference only.
4). Shop drawings to include list of references followed in preparation of shop drawings such
as IFC drawings, RFIs, builders work, ... etc.
5). Shop drawings deemed to be coordinated by the Contractor prior to submission should in-
clude provision of other trades brackets, connections or holes etc.
6). Any change from structural IFC drawings shall be highlighted and supported by approved
RFI reference for that change.
7). For bolted connections indicate clearly if connection is moment or shear or torsion or com-
bination. Show clearly whether bolts are slip critical , pretension or bearing bolts and any
slotted hole requirements
8). Connection details to consider site tolerances.
9). Shop drawings to include painting system followed for steel members.
10). Verify all dimensions and correlate with adjoining construction and materials.
11). Indicate size, type and grade of all members.
12). Include with each detail shown on the Shop Drawings a reference to the Design Drawings
and details, where applicable.
13). Prior to Shop Drawings submittal, the Contractor and Fabricator shall review the Shop
Drawings for obvious drafting and detailing errors
14). The Fabricator shall either employ or retain a structural engineer licensed in the jurisdiction
where the project exists, further known as the "Fabricator's Engineer". All structural steel
Shop Drawings shall be completed under the direct supervision and review of the Fabrica-
tor's Engineer.
15). Contractor shall seek engineer approval on shop drawings 21 days prior to commencing
any fabrication of structural steel.
16). Re-submittals shall be made using same procedure as first submittals identifying changes
made since the previous submittal.
17). The Fabricator's Engineer shall stamp, date and submit a letter simultaneously with the
submittal of structural steel Shop Drawings stating the following: "All structural steel Shop
Drawings prepared for this Project either have been or shall be prepared under my direct

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WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

supervision and review."

18). Before being submitted to the Engineer, the Shop Drawings showing proposed connections
shall be reviewed by the Erector to confirm that the intended connection configurations are
acceptable to the Erector. The Erector shall provide a letter stating that the connections
satisfy their guidelines for erection. This letter shall be submitted to the Engineer with the
first submittal set of Shop Drawings.
19). Structural steel Shop Drawings shall not be reviewed by the Engineer until letters from the
Fabricator's Engineer and Erector have been received.
20). A minimum of 2 No. copies of each Shop Drawings shall be supplied to the Engineer for his
review. Fabrication shall not be commenced until the Engineer has accepted.
21). In general, the Engineer shall verify the correct interpretation of his requirements but shall
not necessarily verify the dimensions or check the strength or practicability of the details
d. Connection Calculations
1). Submit calculations for all connections completely detailed on the Design Drawings. Calcu-
lations shall be stampeded by the Fabricator's Engineer. Refer to design drawings typical
details.
2). Calculations shall be submitted with the first Shop Drawings submittal and shall be
cross-referenced with all Shop Drawings submittals.
3). Shop Drawings shall not be reviewed without the submittal of coordinated connection
calculations.
4). If non-linear FE pacakges are to be used for calculations and submittals:
a). It is recommended to limit plastic strain to 2% unless agreed otherwise with the Engi-
neer
b). Calculation to be submitted in searchable format and with native design files.
c). Include Supporting sketches and details, reference of followed forces [IFC drawing or
RFI], design code followed in design.
d). Calculation to include local checks of supporting members steel or concrete for prop-
er transfer of forces with required reinforcement design as per project design codes.
Refer also to section 1.6 ‘Design requirements’.
e. Information shall be submitted as to the time and place of starting fabrication in the shop.
f. Provide detailed method statements for the safe erection of the steelwork
g. Erection Plan: Submit a comprehensive erection plan including but not limited to sequencing,
crane requirements, means and methods, temporary shoring and bracing and safety procedures.
The erection analysis, design and calculations shall be prepared by a Structural Engineer, li-
censed in the jurisdiction of the Project. The erection plan shall be submitted solely for the
purpose of confirming that the Contractor has complied with the Specification requirements to
prepare an erection plan.
h. Submit the intumescent coating schedule as described within Part 2 of this Work Section.
i. The Contractor shall provide technical data sheets for all paint materials giving the following in-
formation:
1). Scope of use
2). Type of product, composition with percentage of solids, mixing ratio for 2-pack materials,
pot life, method of application, covering capacity, thickness of dry and wet films, drying time,
flash point, colours, packing, solvent type and final appearance, for example, gloss or matt.
3). Health and safety precautions, storage conditions and shelf life, spray application, nozzle
characteristics, diameter pressure and spray-angle pressure, minimum and maximum ap-
plication temperatures and resistance to heat.
4). Certificate from the paint supplier the proposed system meets the performance require-
ments specified herein and all top coats, including intumescent paint are compatible with
the total system.
j. Submit framework connection inspection logs daily to the Engineer.
k. Submit proposed location for Site storage during erection and procedures for Site clean-up after
Taking-Over.

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WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS

As built information

The Contractor Shall submit final soft copy set of the approved, fabricated, General Arrangement and
fabrication drawings along with full set of all calculations indexed and cross referenced to the plans for
record purposes.

The Contractor shall submit a final 3D fabrication model of the structural Steelwork in a format to be
agreed with the Engineer.
Contractor shall submit native files of all calculations.

As the works progress the Contractor shall maintain a complete and accurate record of all changes
and deviations from the drawings, shop drawings and specifications indicating the works actually
installed. This record set of prints of drawings, shop drawings and specifications shall be kept at the
site for inspection by the Employer, Project Manager and the Supervision Consultant.
Towards the completion of the works the Contractor shall certify that each of the revised prints for the
drawings and documents stated above is complete and accurate and shall submit them to the
Supervision Consultant for acceptance.

Red line marked drawings should be produced during the inspection and this shall be submitted along
the WIR ref. Nos at the time of the as built review.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Contractor’s Coordination

The information contained in the design drawings show the design intent. The contractor shall be
responsible for the final coordination of all trades and implementation of any effect of this coordination
on the structural steel framing subject to approval by the Engineer.

No openings are allowed through steel beams unless specifically approved by the engineer.
Contractor shall submit calculations and any stiffeners required along with the proposed opening for
approval.

Coordinate the installation of anchorage items to be embedded in or attached to other construction

without delaying the work. Provide setting diagrams, sheet metal templates, instruction and directions
for installation.
Coordinate with other trades to ensure appropriate tolerances in the connections of structural steel
members to any embedded or cast in installations are allowed for.

Any critical dimensions controlled by as built conditions of other structures in the field shall be verified
on site prior to fabrication of the members.
Coordinate with the Architect the proposed fire protection systems.
Coordinate Selection of shop primers with top coats to be applied over them. Comply with paint and
manufacturers recommendations to ensure that shop primers and topcoats are compatible with one
another and meet the corrosion and fire protection requirements.
Coordinate selection of surface preparation and primer coats for steel to receive spray on cementitious
fireproofing.
Design

The contractor shall be solely responsible for the following design items:
a. Producing connection design and details, and Shop Drawings of all steel to steel connections, and
all steel to concrete connections and bearing connections for the loads indicated on the drawings.
b. The contractor's connection design scope includes undertaking all localized checks on the con-
necting members as Chapter J in the AISC-360 specification including, but not limited to checks
on webs and flanges with respect to local buckling, bending, shear, torsion and tension failure
modes. The contractor's scope shall include the design and installation of all necessary reinforcing

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WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

elements in the vicinity of the connection including but not limited to external/ internal stiffener
plates, gusset plates etc. Any typical details shown on the Consultant’s tender drawings are to be
considered as outline only and not representative of the final requirement with respect to localized
strengthening associated with the contractor's detailed connection design.
c. Any additional reinforcement required in the structural concrete members because of the local
connection design (steel to steel or steel to concrete) is considered part of the contractor scope of
work.
d. Locate shop and field splices and submit proposals for approval prior to fabrication.
e. Coordinate fully with the main contractor, all other trades and the design team and be solely re-
sponsible for stability of the temporary structure and sequence and methodology of erection of the
structure.
f. All steel members and connections shall be checked by the specialist contractor for temporary
conditions and forces during erection in accordance with the contractor’s approved method of
erection of the steel elements.
g. Ensure all requirements of the local governing authority are satisfied. Refer to section 1.2 – Regu-
latory requirements, at no cost to the client.
h. Provide details for any additional secondary steel framing required for the cladding support to that
shown on the drawings, including roofs which does not form part of the cladding package design.
i. Provide for any edge detail, additional steel members, angles, closure plates etc as required by
the floor or roofing system or any other trades and allow for these items in the tender.
j. Provide steel design details and calculations for approval for steel staircases in accordance with
the architectural drawings.
k. Provide for approval painting system and fire protection systems, either intumescent paint,
sprayed fire resistant materials or fire protection board based on Architectural requirement and
project specifications.
l. Provide design and details of specialist architectural features such as handrails, stair treads etc.
m. Review the design drawings and advise the Engineer of any pre-cambering required, which is not
indicated on the design drawings, to avoid excessive deflections under dead loads or construction
loads based on erection analysis.
n. Joint bearing systems: Proprietary elastomeric, mechanical and PTFE bearing systems selected
by the Consultant shall be designed and detailed by the Contractor through the bearing supplier.
o. Provide design for primary and secondary support system for all MEP and associated equipment.
Also access ladders, walkways, gantries and guardrails to suit the MEP operation
p. Design of secondary steel floor systems of gratings or chequer plates and verification of metal
decking in construction stage for any propping requirements.
q. Any bespoke temporary steelwork erection systems shall be designed and supplied by the Con-
tractor and validated by an approved third party structural engineer licensed to the local municipal-
ity.
r. The Contractor shall submit erection analysis and design checks for the steel framing considering
the temporary stages and all temporary loads. The analysis must be validated by a third party
structural engineer licensed to municipality.
s. Engage a competent structural or civil engineer, licensed in the jurisdiction where the Project ex-
ists, to review the permanent structure design, where needed, for the following loading condi-
tions as applicable to the Work. If the temporary loads exceed the design loads, this shall be
brought to the attention of the Engineer.
1). The support of cranes, hoisting equipment, welding machines and other construction im-
posed loads.
2). The stacking of materials, such as steel decking and other framing components.
QUALITY ASSURANCE

The contractor is solely responsible for the quality control of the works. Inspection of the works by the
Engineer does not relieve the contractor of his responsibility to perform the works in accordance with
contract documents and standards referenced herein.
The fabricator shall be certified by AISC for Building QMS, category BU, or similar approved.

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WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

Fabricator shall be registered with and approved by authorities having jurisdiction and carry
appropriate licences to execute the works.

The steel erector shall be certified by AISC, category CSE, or similar approved. The erector shall have
completed work similar in material, design and extent to that indicated for this project and with a record
of successful in-service performance.
The contractor shall engage an independent licensed testing agency and inspecting agency to perform
shop & field tests and inspections and prepare test reports. Provide the testing agency with access to
places where structural steelwork is being fabricated or produced to perform tests and inspections.
The scope of the testing agency is the raw material, welding and bolting.
Main contractor to inspect all the work carried out by the steel contractor in shop and site prior
submitting it for engineer approval.

A certificate of conformance shall be submitted to the Engineer by the steel manufacturer certifying
that the steel is new steel conforming to the specification of materials contained herein.
The Engineer reserves the right to request reasonable samples to be tested by a 3rd party of raw
materials (profiles, anchors, plates) to ensure materials at site are matching with specification.
Before commencing the Shop Drawings, prepare and submit for the Engineer's review Draft Shop
Drawings showing typical details proposed for the connections along with design calculations. Ensure
submission is clearly identified as a Draft Issue.

Arrange a meeting with the Engineer after these Draft Shop Drawings have been submitted, at a time
and place agreed by the Engineer, to review these documents and coordinate the procedure for the
review of Shop Drawings.
Connection Identification: Each person installing connections shall be assigned an identifying symbol
or mark and all shop and field connections shall be so identified so that the testing and
inspection agencies can refer to the person making the connection.

Welder Qualifications: Each welder performing work on Site shall be qualified before commencement
of welding on this Project in accordance with the American Welding Society, AWS D1.1. Copies of
each welder's qualification records shall be made available to the Engineer and Testing Laboratory
Agency for review.
All welds shall be inspected and tested in the shop by non destructive testing for the following (refer to
Part 3 for requirements for testing in the field) ;
a. Welding preparation and visual inspection shall follow criteria defined in AISC 360 tables N5.4
1,2,3 and its commentary.
b. Visual inspection by personnel that meet ASNT SNT-TC-1A Level II qualifications and an AWS
Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) - 100% of welds
c. Magnetic Particle Inspection; as per ASTM E709
1). Manual Fillet Welds and Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) welds – random testing, approxi-
mately 10% linear length of welds
2). Automatic Fillet welds and partial joint penetration (PJP) welds – 300mm of each end of all
welds (applies to web to flange joints in plate girders). Elsewhere, 10% linear length of
weld.
3). Tension Welds or ‘demand-critical’ as indicated on the design drawings – 100% of all welds
d. Ultrasonic Inspection; as per ASTM E164 & AWS and as amended below;
1). Manual complete joint penetration (CJP) groove welds – 100% of all welds
2). Automatic complete joint penetration (CJP) groove welds – 100%
Perform testing prior to welding of base material in accordance with ASTM A435 using a grid as
defined in A435 section 5.4, and for material greater than 35mm thick, perform testing per ASTM
A770. Repair (or replace) rejected material at no cost to the Employer. Repair (or replace) repaired
material if rejected after welding, at no cost to the Employer.
Bolting Quality Assurance; bolted connections will be tested and inspected by inspection agency

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according to the RCSC Specification referenced herein.

Ensure that all bolts are tight and issue daily record logs to the Engineer of those bolts that have been
re-checked by the Contractor.
In addition to visual inspection, shop-welded shear connectors will be tested and inspected according
to requirements in AWS D1.1 for stud welding and as follows:
a. Perform visual inspection of studs and stud installation, they shall show a full 360 degree collar.
b. After permanent welding, a ring test of 100% of the studs reveals that a sound weld and/or 360
degree fillet has not been obtained for a particular stud, such shall be struck with a five pound
hammer and bent approximately 15 degrees off the perpendicular to the beam. Studs meeting this
test without weld failure shall be considered acceptable and shall be left in such position. Studs
failing under this test shall be removed and replaced.
c. Conduct standard in−place shear stud bend test on 10% of the studs, selected at random, mini-
mum 2 studs per erected member, in accordance with AWS D1.1 requirements.
d. Studs subject to the bend test shall not be straightened
e. Studs found with defective welding shall be replaced and re-tested at no cost to the Employer.
The specialist coating supplier shall submit a warranty and written confirmation that the coating system
proposed is suitable for the specified environmental category, life to first maintenance and fire
protection requirements and shall provide supporting technical justification with reference to relevant
design standards.
If material or workmanship is rejected by the Engineer or the independent testing and inspection
agency, the following procedures shall be adhered to:
a. Any and all material or workmanship which is rejected at the shop or building shall be promptly
replaced without additional cost to the Employer.
b. Any applied marks or tags identifying rejected steel from any members shall not be removed
while they are on the job site or shop and any steel members are not to be re-used once they
have been rejected.
c. Replacements shall be made to comply with requirements of drawings and specifications and as
directed by the Architect or Engineer.
d. If arrangements for replacements are not made after seven days’ notice of rejection, the Employer
will have the option to replace rejected material and charge the cost thereof against the balance of
monies withheld.
e. Acceptance of steel work at shop will not preclude rejections, whether erected or not, if found de-
fective in any way.
f. Rejected steel shall be removed from the site within three working days of notice of rejection with-
out additional cost to the Employer.
g. Procedures for Defective or Substandard Welds:
1). When defects are revealed, additional inspection by whatever method is deemed necessary
by the testing laboratory shall be performed to the extent necessary to assure that the full
amount of defect has been located.
2). The Engineer may require additional examination of any welds where there is reason to
question the weld quality.
3). Defects shall be repaired using approved welding repair procedure. Unless otherwise ac-
cepted by the Engineer, examination of the repaired weld shall be by the same method that
was used to reveal the defect. A second repair of a defective area shall not be made with-
out the approval of the Engineer.
4). In all cases where the inspector has reason to question the quality of the material or work-
manship, no further work shall be done on the assemblies or sub-assemblies until proper
corrections have been made.
5). Material or work that is not acceptable shall be designated by words such as "reject"
marked directly on the material of the work.
6). Any weld which, upon examination or testing is found to be defective, shall be removed to
the satisfaction of the Employer's Inspection Service and the weld shall be remade. The

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Contractor shall remake the welds and bear the costs of re-inspection of such remade
welds.
Provide mock up of largest base plate with any vent holes to ensure proper flow of grout below plate.
When required by the Engineer, trial assembly shall be carried out in the contractor’s works to the
extent required by the Engineer to prove the accuracy of the workmanship. When parts, which have to
fit together, are manufactured in different works or for any reason cannot be matched before dispatch
to the site, the contractor shall make adequate provision to ensure a correct fit by providing jigs or
other suitable means satisfactory to the Engineer.
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

General

Comply with the requirements of the general conditions and in accordance with ASTM A6 for US
specified steel sections and the National Structural Steelwork Specification (NSSS).
Particular care shall be taken when transporting, handling or storing parts which have been
painted. Care must be exercised to avoid abrasions and other damage. If any coating is
damaged it shall be restored to comply with the relevant requirements of this Work Section.

Delivery

Steelwork shall not be placed directly on the ground. Material shall be stocked out of mud and dirt and
proper drainage shall be provided. Structural steel must be protected from damage or soiling by
adjacent construction operations.

Anchor bolts, bearing plates and other items to be set by other Contractors shall be delivered to the
site in ample time for installation and with templates and/or setting instructions.
Holding down bolts shall be delivered to site in galvanized condition (if applicable) and with the threads
protected against corrosion by Type TP 4a Soft-film grease or with a type recommended by the
manufacturer. When the bolts have been cast-in, the bolt threads and the nut shall either be coated
with grease as specified and then wrapped with a suitable thickness of flexible PVC sheeting, securely
tied on to resist the local environment, or else wrapped in 2 No. layers of Denso tape.

All paint products and thinners shall be delivered to the place of application in sealed containers, with
a maximum capacity of 20L, clearly labelled, identifying the manufacturer, formulation, colour, batch
number, date of manufacture, shelf life, pot life, mixing instructions and method of use.
Box members shall be sealed with end plates as required to ensure protection for internal walls and
avoid dust, mud or water ingress.
Storage

Store materials in a manner to permit easy access for inspection and identification
Do not store materials on any portion of the structure in a manner that might cause distortion or
damage to the members of the supporting structures. Repair or replace damaged materials or
structures at no additional cost to the Employer.
Stacking: Fabricated components which are stored prior to being transported or erected shall be
stacked clear of the ground and arranged if possible so that the water cannot accumulate. They shall
be kept clean and supported in such a manner as to avoid permanent distortion.

Visible Markings: Individual components shall be stacked and marked in such a way to ensure that
they can be identified.

Keep steel members off the ground, using pallets, platforms or other supports.
Protect steel members and packaged materials from corrosion and deterioration.
Steelwork shall be stored in such a way as to avoid water retention. If necessary it shall be kept
under well ventilated cover.
Welding consumables shall be stored in a clean and dry condition as per AWS requirement. Wet or

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damaged electrodes or coils shall not be used and shall be discarded

All fasteners shall be stored and protected in accordance with the current requirements of the
'Specification for Structural Joints’ approved by the Research Council on Structural Connections
(RCSC) and endorsed by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) and by the Industrial
Fastener Institute (IFI).
All paint products shall be stored in properly ventilated and temperature controlled premises in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Paint products shall not be stored for longer than the shelf life recommended by the
manufacturer. When the shelf life limit is reached the materials shall be removed from the place of
application and discarded. Store products in such a manner that the materials stored longest shall be
used first.

Paint products which have livered, gelled or deteriorated in any way during storage, shall not be
used. Materials which can be restored to normal consistency by stirring, shall be accepted provided
that they have not exceeded the recommended shelf life.
Handling

Lifting points shall be suitably wrapped and protected and steel slings shall not be allowed to come
into direct contact with coated steelwork. Lifting hooks shall be used to avoid any damage to paint
Any non-standard structural elements shall be studied by the contractor to establish the centre of
gravity of the element and lifting hooks attached, if necessary to ensure safe handling of the element
during delivery and erection on site.
Comply with the governing local authority health and safety regulations

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PRODUCTS

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Fire Protection

Refer to the general notes drawings and the Fire & life safety consultant’s report for project specific fire
protection requirements.
In the absence of a project specific fire life safety report or information shown on the design drawings
providing the exact requirements for fire protection the contractor shall seek clarification from the
Architect of Record.
The system of fire protection (intumescent paint, Cementitious spray applied material, fire boarding
etc) refer to the general notes drawing and Architectural drawings and Specifications.
It is the Contractors responsibility to ensure the intumescent top coat to achieve required fire
protection periods specified in the design drawings are fully compatible with corrosion protection
system.
Products required to have a fire performance characteristic shall be listed and approved by the local
Civil Defence (authority having jurisdiction).
Corrosion Protection

The Contractor, through his specialist supplier, is required to design the corrosion protection system,
and provide the necessary supplier warranty, for the specified corrosion protection exposure
categories are defined in BS EN ISO 12944 using a life to first maintenance period of at least 15 years
as follows; (unless noted otherwise on the design drawings)
a. Internal Steelwork within air-conditioned space or embedded in concrete – C2
b. External Steelwork including any elements within the external canopies – C5-M
Contractor shall seek clarification from the Architect of Record for identification of internal and external
steelworks.
Contractor shall submit proposed top coats for non-fireproofed elements (i.e. non-intumescent paint)
for approval by the Architect of Record.

Steel elements with corrosion protection may receive top coat paint, Refer to arch specification.

The Contractor designed corrosion protection system shall consist of surface preparation to be shot
blast Sa 2 ½ standard as per BS 7079 Part A1 + shop applied epoxy painted system as per BS EN
ISO 12944 as appropriate for the corrosion category specified in the contract documents.

Minimum Connection Capacities:

Unless noted otherwise on the design drawings, end connections for typical horizontal framing shall be
designed for a vertical ultimate shear force calculated using the ‘member maximum total uniform load’
as specified in the AISC Manual, LRFD method multiplied by a factor as shown below:
a. If the floor beams are non-composite multiply the load by a factor of 1.3
b. If the floor beams are composite with the floor slab, multiply the load by a factor of 2.0.
c. Refer to typical details for further guidance on minimum number of bolts for varying beam sec-
tions.
Minimum ultimate vertical shear connection capacity shall not be less than 75kN, unless specifically
agreed with the Engineer or noted on the design drawings.
For Buildings (risk category III and IV as per IBC) having an occupied floor greater than 22.5m above
civil defense fire department access, provide integrity requirements in accordance with IBC code for
vertical column splices. Also beam end connections to be designed for an axial load of 2/3 of vertical
shear (can be reduced by 50% if the beam supports a composite deck with shear studs provided). For
connection design, the requirement for additional axial load can be reduced to 1/3 of LRFD shear force

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when combined with vertical shear.

Moment connections identified on the drawings shall be designed for the full moment capacity of the
section, unless noted otherwise on the drawings, as derived using chapter F of the AISC specification
AISC-360.
Cantilever beam’s moment connections and their back spans to be designed for full plastic moment
capacity of the section unless noted otherwise on the drawings, as derived using chapter F of the
AISC specification AISC-360.

All member splice connections to be designed for full section plastic capacity as derived using AISC -
360 specification.

Unless noted otherwise, any steel truss member connections; full compression / tension capacity shall
be used for connection design as derived using chapter D & E of the AISC specifications AISC-360
Minimum bolt requirement to be A325M, M20, unless noted otherwise on the drawings with a minimum
of 2 bolts per connection. (Refer to typical details for further guidance on minimum number of bolts for
varying section sizes)

Minimum connection plate thickness shall be 10mm, unless noted otherwise

Connections can be designed using bearing capacities, except in the following locations (but bolts
shall be fully tensioned in any case)
a. All connections indicated as requiring slip critical bolts.
b. Moment connections
c. Connections for supports for running machinery, trucks and/or of other live loads which produce
impact.
d. Wind connections and/or seismic connections, (i.e. bracing members, wind girders, etc.).
e. Connections carrying elevator loads
f. Connections carrying cooling tower loads
g. Beams supporting columns or posts
h. Connections for cantilevers
i. Connections carrying window washer loads
j. Trusses
MATERIALS

Sustainability

Ensure at least 20% of material cost of the building is sourced from regional materials with 500km of
the project site. The furthest point of origin of a material is to be measured as either the furthest
distance travelled to the project site from the point of extraction, harvest or recovery or the point of
manufacture. Products manufactured within KSA will automatically be considered within the 500km.
the term “manufacture” in this context shall mean ‘to process or fabricate a raw material into a finished
product. It excludes simple assembly.

Structural steel material:

Hot Rolled Structural Shapes shall be minimum BS EN 10025 grade S355J2 or ASTM A992 Grade 50.
Subgrade to be as per BS EN 1993-1-10:2005 Table 2.1
High Strength Hot Rolled Structural shapes shall be HISTAR® 460 as per ASTM 913-11 grade 65/70.

High Strength Steel plates used for built up sections shall be to S460 to BSEN10025 unless noted
otherwise on the drawings. Such steel shall be procured from Europe with minimum steel strength of
460N/mm2. The Contractor shall submit proposed material submittals for acceptance prior to
fabrication of any of these elements. Testing is to be performed on the plate material prior to welding in
accordance with ASTM A435 using a grid defined in A435 Section 5.4. For material greater than
35mm thick, perform testing as per ASTM A770. Subgrade to be as per BS EN 1993-1-10:2005 Table

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2.1
Steel Structural Tubing and Hollow Structural Section (HSS): ASTM A 501 Grade B full body
normalized or EN10210 S355 NH or EN10210 S420 NH
Plates and bar shall be minimum BSEN 10025 S355J2 or A572M Grade 50
Shear Stud Connectors – Headed stud type, in accordance with AWS D1.1 requirements. ASTM108
grade 1010 or 1020. (Minimum Ultimate Tensile strength of 450Mpa) or equivalent approved.
Anchor Rods shall be ASTM F1554 grade 36, 55 or 105, as indicated on the drawings.
Cold rolled steel Z and C sections to be S450GD grade as per BS EN 10143 ‘specifications for
continuously hot dip zinc/metal coated structural steel strip’. With Z275 zinc coating of 0.02mm each
side.

Bolts

Bolts shall comply with requirements of the ASTM F3125;

a. High Strength Bolts (carbon steel) Grade A325.
b. High Strength Bolts (alloy steel) Grade A490.
c. All Grade A325 and A490 bolts shall be preferably with rolled threads.
d. All heavy hex nuts for high strength bolts must be ASTM A563 DH for use with plain (uncoated)
bolts or nuts under A536 that have a minimum proof stress not below 1200Mpa. No other nuts
are acceptable, and nuts must show both the manufacturer's mark and the relevant symbol.
Washers

Beveled washers shall be furnished in accordance with the specifications of the "Research Council on
Riveted and Bolted Structural Joints."
As per ASTM F436 6.1 , Hardened washer shall have a hardness of 38 to 45 HRC [That is for Gr.
A490] except when zinc-coated by hot-dip process, in which case they shall have a hardness of 26 to
45 HRC [That is for Gr. A325]

Washers over enlarged base plate holes shall be 12mm thick (min.) and shall fully cover holes.
Electrodes and flux

Electrodes and flux for carbon steel shall be low hydrogen (E70) and shall conform to the requirements
of the current edition of the American Welding Society's Standard Code for Welding in Building
Construction (D1.1)
Bearing plates

Polytetra Fluorothylene (PTFE) sheets are to conform to ASTM D4894 and ASTM D4895 and shall be
submitted for approval by the Engineer
Elastomeric Bearing Pads shall comply with ASTM D4014 and shall be submitted for approval by the
Engineer
Grout

BASF Masterflow 928 ® ASTM C 942, according to ASTM C1107 of ASTM C109, or similar approved.
Grout shall be selected to achieve compressive strength twice that of the base material, in accordance
with AISC DG1 – base plate and anchor rod guide.
FABRICATION

General

Fabricate and assemble in the shop to the greatest extent possible.

Provide in accordance with AISC specification and AISC code. Properly mark and match-mark the
material where field assembly requires. Sequence the shipments to expedite erection and minimise

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the field handling of material.

All Steel to be used in the works shall have a test certificate reference so that its properties are known
and can be verified.
Traceability and material grade shall be identifiable within the manufacturing system.
Marking Steelwork:
a. Individual Pieces shall be capable of positive identification at all stages of fabrication. Steel mark-
ings definitions / system shall be submitted to the Engineer for information.
b. Completed Components shall be marked with a durable and distinguishing erection mark in such
a way as not to damage the material. Hard stamping may be used, except where otherwise speci-
fied.
Where areas of steelwork are indicated on the drawings, or fabrication information, as being
unmarked, they shall be left free of all markings and hard stamping.
Assemble and weld members prior to milling of surfaces

Fabricate members with any residual camber pointing upwards

Cutting and Shaping

Thermal cutting: Perform thermal cutting by machine to greatest extent possible. Plane thermally cut
edges to be welded to comply with requirements in AWS D1.1.
Cutting and shaping of steel may be carried out by either sawing, shearing, plasma cutting, laser
cutting, flame cutting.

Hand- held cutting is only be used where it is impractical to use machine flame cutting.
Curving and Straightening

Curving and straightening components during fabrication shall be performed by one of the following
methods:
a. Mechanical means, taking care to minimize indentations, or change of cross-section.
b. Local application of heat; ensuring that the temperature of the metal is carefully controlled, and
does not exceed 650 C.
c. The heat shall not be applied more than 600 C for quenched and tempered steel and not more
than 650 C for other carbon steels without rapid column as pre AWS D1.1
After curving or straightening, welds within the area of curving or straightening shall be visually
inspected. Welds which are to subject to non-destructive tests carried out after curving or
straightening.
Beam Ends

Ends of beams shall be reinforced where cuts or blocks reduce shear or moment capacity below the
end forces indicated on the design drawings or specified herein.
Welded Connections

Provide in accordance with AWS D1.1 and employ AWS qualified welders. Make continuous fillet
welds, using not less than the minimum fillet specified by AWS D1.1, unless noted otherwise.
Provide weld access holes in accordance with AISC Specification and AWS D1.1

No joint in which material 50mm or more in thickness is connected shall be interrupted once welding
has started unless at least two thirds of its size for its full length is complete without an interruption of
more than one hour. The welding may be interrupted for longer periods provided the required preheat
temperature is maintained for the full length of the joint for the entire time the welding is interrupted.

High Strength Bolting

Bolt Holes: Cut, drill or punch standard bolt holes perpendicular to metal surfaces.

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Bolted connections: Bolts shall be driven accurately into the holes without damaging the thread, and
bolt heads and nuts shall rest squarely against metal. Bolt heads shall be protected from damage
during driving. Where structural members having sloping flange faces, bolted connections shall be
provided with appropriate beveled washers to afford square seating for bolt heads or nuts. Provide in
accordance with the RCSC Specification referenced herein
All A325 and A490 bolts shall be drawn up to a bolt tension not less than that specified in Table J3.1 of
the latest edition AISC 360 Specification of Structural Steel Building. An approved, calibrated power
torque shall be used to obtain the proper torque and tension..

Bolts shall be of a length that will extend not less than 6mm beyond the nuts.
High-strength bolted joints shall be made without the use of erection bolts. Bring members tightly
together with sufficient high-strength "fitting-up" bolts which shall be retightened as all the bolts are
finally tightened. Manual torque wrenches will not be accepted for final tightening. Protect bolt heads
from damage during driving. Provide washer under torque element.

In addition to all other requirements, a hardened washer shall be installed between all bolt heads or
nuts and material having elongated holes
Column Bearing Splices

Mill columns and bearing stiffeners to give full bearing over the cross section.
Plane contact surfaces of bearing plates.
It is not necessary to plane bottom surfaces of plates on grout bed.

Base Plates

Holes for holding down bolts shall be oversized. Refer to AISC DG1 table 2.3 for washer requirements
at oversize holes.
Provide 50mm diameter grout holes in plates with a minimum dimension larger than 600mm overall.

Built up Sections

Assemble using welding and make free of warping with axes in true alignment in accordance with the
specified tolerances.
Box Members

Where practicable, box members and penetrations into box members shall be hermetically
stampeded and in these cases the inside surfaces need not be painted.

Where box members are of such a size as to require inspection openings, the inside shall be painted.
Except where indicated otherwise by the Engineer, this inside surface shall be painted with the
specified prefabrication primer and the specified post-fabrication primer only. Care shall be taken to
ensure adequate ventilation during such painting, especially if the operatives have to work inside the
box.

Any built up box sections with internal stiffeners shall be inspected by the Engineer prior to closing the
last box wall section
Substitution of Structural Sections

If the specified steel shapes not available for any reason shall be fabricated from plate material equal
in strength and size to the specified rolled shape. Requests for substitutions shall be submitted to the
Engineer for approval.

Inspection

Sufficient components shall be checked for dimensional accuracy and conformity to drawing, to prove
that the manufacturing process is working satisfactorily.

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PAINTING

Preparation for Painting Systems

Offsite preparation and painting: shall be carried out under cover in properly lit, heated and ventilated
conditions. Select sequence of working from one of the following and inform the Engineer before
starting work
a. Fabricate - blast clean - prime as specified
b. Blast clean - fabricate - prime as specified (Immediately before priming remove flash rust with a
light overall sweep blast), or
c. Blast clean - prime with a weldable prefabrication primer recommended by the manufacturer of
the specified primer - fabricate - prime as specified (Thickness of post-fabrication priming coat
may be reduced if and as recommended by manufacturer).
Inaccessible surfaces: The sequence of working must be such as to ensure that surfaces inaccessible
after assembly receive the full specified treatment and coating system including, if necessary, local
shop application of site coatings.

Surfaces shall be prepared to Quality Standard BS7079 Sa2½ Blast cleaning.

Material shall be primed within 4 hours maximum of surface preparation.
After fabrication, all steel shall receive a shop coat of paint, except for the following, considering that
all those parts shall be prevented from corrosion untill erection.
a. Members encased in concrete.
b. Contacted surface of embeds and base plates to concrete expet 50 mm boundary stip to be
primed
c. Areas within 50mm of field welds.
d. Contact surfaces of high strength bolted friction type connections.
e. Milled surfaces.
Structural steel work components in contact with or encased in concrete
a. Steelwork to be encased in concrete and other surfaces in contact with concrete shall be cleaned
to remove oil, grease and chemicals which may be adhering to the surface. The surface shall then
be blast cleaned or wire brushed to remove loose millscale, rust and dust particles. No subse-
quent treatment shall be applied to these surfaces prior to placement of concrete.
b. Where components are partially encased in concrete the protective system, excluding cosmetic
coats, shall continue for 50 mm into the concrete, except where otherwise indicated on the draw-
ings.
Suitability of Conditions

Do not apply coating:

a. To surfaces affected by moisture or frost
b. Unless the steel temperature is at least 3OC above the dew point with conditions stable or improv-
ing
c. Unless relative humidity is below 85%
d. When heat is likely to cause blistering or wrinkling
Take all necessary precautions including restrictions on working hours, providing temporary protection
and allowing extra drying time, to ensure that coatings are not adversely affected by climatic conditions
before, during and after application.
Application of coatings will be taken acceptance by the Contractor of the suitability of surfaces and
conditions within any given area.

Application of Coatings

Multiple coats of the same material must be of a different tint to ensure that each coat provides

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complete coverage.
Apply coatings to clean, dust free, suitably dry surfaces in dry atmospheric conditions and after any
previous coats have cured adequately.
Apply coatings evenly to give a smooth finish of uniform thickness and colour, free from brush marks,
nibs, sags, runs and other defects.

Keep all surfaces clean and free from dust during coating and drying. Adequately protect completed
work from damage.

Brush apply an additional stripe coat to all external angles, nuts and bolt heads, rough weld seams,
and areas that are difficult to coat.
Each coating shall be allowed to dry for the time recommended by the manufacturer prior to the
application of succeeding coats. In general, a minimum of eight hours drying time shall be given
between coats. Two coats shall not be applied on the same day. Film Thickness

The contractor shall submit for approval the proposed painting system to achieve the exposure
categories and fire protection requirements as specified in this section.
Check the thickness of each coat during application using a wet film thickness wheel or comb gauge in
accordance with BS EN ISO 2808:2007.
After each coat has dried measure the total accumulated dry film thickness using a magnetic or
electromagnetic meter, checked against standard shims and recalibrated regularly against a smooth
steel reference plate, the number and position of measurements to be as directed by the Engineer.
Carry out all measurements in the presence of the Engineer unless otherwise directed.

Painting inspection shall be carried out by a qualified NACE Level II painting inspector.
Over any square meter of coating the average accumulated dry film thickness must equal or exceed
the specified thickness, with no reading less than 75% of the specified thickness.

If at any stage the accumulated dry film thickness is deficient, the Engineer may require application of
additional coat(s) at no extra cost.
The dry film thickness of the top coat must be sufficient to give an even, solid, opaque appearance.

Painting at Joints

Preparation for Site Welding of Shop Painted Steelwork:

a. Blast clean and mask weld areas before coating surrounding areas. If more than one coat is ap-
plied to surrounding areas, step each coat 30 mm back from edge of preceding coat. Remove
masking immediately before welding.
b. Alternatively prepare and shop paint weld areas as specified, then grind off to bare steel immedi-
ately before welding.
Treatment of Site Welded Joints in Painted Steelwork
a. After welding, and without delay, remove all scale and weld spatter from the weld areas by grind-
ing or chipping, abrade to remove all traces of rust, wash with clean water and allow drying.
b. Prime without delay and apply further coatings to the weld areas to match the surrounding painted
areas.
Bolted Joints (Non-Pre-tensioned bolts)
a. Where steelwork is to be shop painted, ensure that the full shop specification is applied to joint
faces. Where steelwork is to be erected with a mill finish then site painted, prepare and prime joint
faces before erection and allow to dry.
b. Immediately before assembling bolted joints in externally exposed steelwork, apply a further coat
of primer and bring the surfaces together while still wet.
c. Before applying site coatings to externally exposed steelwork, stamp all crevices to bolts and joint
perimeters with compatible mastic.
Faying Surfaces of Pre-tensioned / slip critical bolts

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WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

a. Blast clean and mask before coating surrounding areas. The masking must adequately protect the
faying surface from deterioration and contamination. If more than one coat is applied to surround-
ing areas, step each coat 30 mm back from edge of preceding coat. Remove masking immediate-
ly before bolting, check faying surfaces are free from adhesive, and clean with solvent if neces-
sary.
Uncoated Fastenings: After erection, thoroughly degrease and clean and, without delay, apply
coating(s) to match surrounding shop painted areas before applying specified site coating(s).
Site remedial work to Shop Painted Steelwork: Carry out all necessary remedial work as specified.
Prepare all surfaces by abrading and/or washing down as recommended by manufacturer before
applying coats.
GALVANISING

All cutting, welding and drilling must be completed beforehand. Provide all necessary vent and drain
holes in approved locations and stamp to approval after galvanizing.

Where structural steel components are required to be galvanized, complete the shop fabrication and
cleaning prior to application of the zinc coating. Solvent clean and pickle the steel as necessary for
proper pre-treatment of the surfaces. Provide hot−dip galvanizing in accordance with requirements of
ASTM A123/A123M and obtain 100 μm average coating thickness.
Safeguard against steel embrittlement in conformance with ASTM A143. Handle the materials in a
manner to avoid mechanical damage and distortion. Comply with ASTM A384 and ASTM A385 to
prevent warpage and to provide high quality zinc coating on assemblies.
Galvanized Fastenings: After erection, thoroughly degrease and clean and apply a suitable etch primer
before applying specified site coating(s).

Site remedial action to Galvanized Surfaces for Painting: Thoroughly degrease. If metal coating is
defective obtain instructions before proceeding. Remove any white corrosion products with a stiff
brush, wash off and allow to dry before applying specified etching wash or primer.

EXECUTION

GENERAL

Experienced Operatives

Operatives shall be skilled and experienced with the material and equipment being used.
Where necessary, provide adequate training in association with the manufacturers recommendations.
Adequate supervision shall be provided at all times and all supervisors shall be skilled in each of the
methods of application under his control.
Erection Equipment

The Contractor shall supply adequate plant, tools, service bolts, drifts, bolt tightening devices and
other equipment to ensure that the steelwork is erected in accordance with the construction schedule.
All plant and other equipment shall be of adequate capacity and shall be maintained in good
working order. Reasonable spares shall be provided to ensure continuity of working.

The Contractor shall process, pay for and maintain all permits and certificates of on-site inspection
required for derricks, cranes and hoisting equipment. No derricks, cranes and hoisting equipment shall
be operated without a certificate of operation and a certificate of on-site inspection.

Whenever the erection equipment is supported by the permanent structure, the Contractor shall be
responsible for the retention of a licensed professional structural engineer to review the adequacy of
the supporting members in relation to the loads imposed thereon. Where the imposed load exceeds
the design load, the Contractor shall be responsible for any additional supports, bracing, connections,
and similar measures required to support the imposed load of the equipment while in use.

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

If standard manufactured elements are used for hoisting, such equipment shall have posted thereon,
charts indicating the maximum loading under varying conditions of use. If specifically designed, the
Contractor shall be responsible for the retention of a licensed professional structural engineer to
review the adequacy of the equipment for the loads to be imposed on it.

In addition to the above, all hoisting equipment shall be installed, operated and maintained in
accordance with all applicable regulations of local authorities having jurisdiction.
Temperature Effect

In setting out and erecting continuous structures, proper adjustments shall be made as directed by the
Engineer to counteract dimensional discrepancies owing to temperature variations from the specified
mean.

EXAMINATION

Verification of Conditions

Examine the areas to receive the work and the conditions under which the work should be performed.
Remedy conditions detrimental to the proper and timely completion of the work. Do not proceed until
unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
The contractor is responsible for verifying as built conditions on site shown on the design drawings
prior to fabrication and to notify the engineer of any discrepancies.
PREPARATION

Setting Out

The contractor shall be responsible for establishing permanent bench marks, check the elevations of
concrete and the locations of anchor bolts or cast in plates which will receive structural steel. Any
discrepancies shall be reported to the engineer.
The contractor shall be responsible for the correct positioning and the correct levels of the structure in
relation to the datum given.

Prior to the casting of concrete structures the Contractor shall satisfy himself that the structures have
been correctly formed and that the holding down bolts have been accurately set and have the full
amount of play shown on the Design Drawings and shall inform the Engineer accordingly.
Supply and fasten all the necessary anchorage materials, which shall be built into all concrete
elements.
Procedure Trials

If deemed necessary by the Engineer, before Work commences, carry out procedure trial tests in the
presence of the Engineer. These trials shall demonstrate the adequacy of the methods and the
equipment intended for actual application.
INSTALLATION

General:

Provide in accordance with NSSS. Accurately fit structural members for proper elevation and
alignment of the finished structure. Make adjustments necessary in the steel frame due to
discrepancies in elevations and alignment. Adjust and align in accurate location before permanently
fastening. Design, provide and maintain temporary bracing, bridging, guy lines, crane supports,
connections, and anchors as required to ensure proper alignment and stability during construction.
Align and adjust various members that form part of complete frame or structure before permanently
fastening. Perform necessary adjustments to compensate for discrepancies in elevations and
alignment.
Submit for information certified copies of each survey conducted by an approved engineer, showing
elevations and locations of base plates and anchor bolts to receive structural steel, and final elevations

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

and locations for major members. Indicate discrepancies between actual installation and contract
documents.

Do not use welding equipment on site without approval.

Temporary Conditions

Temporary Floors: All temporary flooring, planking and scaffolding necessary in connection with the
erection of the structural steel or support of erection machinery shall be provided. The temporary floors
or use of steel decking shall be as required by law and governing safety regulations. The reduced
load capacity of members and assembly, especially the floor and roof beams and girders due to their
unbraced condition prior to welding of steel deck and completion of concrete slabs, is hereby noted
and shall be considered.

Holding and Protection: In assembling and during welding, the component parts shall be held with
sufficient clamps or other adequate means to keep parts straight and in close contact. In welding,
precautions shall be taken to minimize "lock-up" stress and distortion due to heat. In windy conditions,
welding shall be done only after adequate wind protection is furnished and set up and as specified in
the AWS standards.
As erection of the steel progresses, the work shall be fastened securely to take care of all dead load,
wind and erection stresses. Particular care shall be exercised to ensure straightness and tautness of
bracing immediately upon raising a steel column. Splices will be permitted only where indicated on the
Contract Drawings or the reviewed shop drawings. Poor matching of holes shall be corrected by
drilling to the next larger size, and the use of larger size bolts. Welding or re-drilling will not be
permitted without approval of the Engineer. Hammering which will injure or distort the members will not
be permitted. Drift-pins may be used only to bring together the several parts, and shall not be used in
such manner as to distort or damage the metal. All structural steel shall have suitable temporary
braces and stays to hold it in position until permanently secured.
Base, Bearing and Setting Plates:

Clean concrete and masonry bearing surfaces of bond reducing materials and roughen surfaces prior
to setting plates. Clean bottom surface of plates.

Accurately set and level steel base plates, bearing plates and setting plates on steel wedges or shims
or as otherwise detailed. Furnish templates where indicated or required. Provide shim plates or
developed fills where required to obtain proper fit and alignment.
Column billets and other bearing plates shall be supported and aligned on steel wedges or shims.
After the supported members have been plumbed and properly positioned and the anchor nuts
tightened then entire bearing area under the plate shall be packed solidly with grout. Wedges and
shims shall be cut off flush with the edges of plates and shall be left in place.

Notify the engineer when space beneath base plates is less than 10mm or greater than 50mm.
Grouting Under Plates:

Provide in accordance with the grout manufacturer’s instructions. Mix grout to proper consistency for
placement, completely fill the cavity with grout to ensure complete bearing, and eliminate air pockets
or voids. Trowel the grout edges to a smooth 45o bevel, where possible and allow to cure.
Bearing plates shall not be grouted until steelwork has been finally levelled and positioned and
plumbed all to the satisfaction of the engineer

Connections:

Do not weld or bolt members until affected portions of the structure are properly stiffened and aligned.
If connection areas are painted with a coating unsuitable for welding or slip−critical bolted connections,
remove the paint at least50 mm on either side of the joint before making the connection. If
modifications appear to be necessary, submit proposed modifications to Consultant for review before
proceeding.
Fastenings of bearing splices of compression members shall be done after the abutting surfaces have

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

been brought completely into contact. Bearing surfaces that will be in permanent contact shall be
cleaned before the members are assembled.

Splice members only where indicated.

Bolt Holes:

Do not use drift pins to enlarge unfair holes in the main material. Ream holes that must be enlarged to
admit bolts. Burning and drifting may be used to align unfair holes in secondary bracing members only,
when acceptable to the Consultant.
High Strength Bolting:

Provide in accordance with RCSC Specification. Fully pre−tension the bolts for bearing connections as
indicated and for slip−critical connections in accordance with “Turn−of−Nut Tightening”, “Calibrated
Wrench Tightening”, “Installation of Alternate Design Bolts” or “Direct Tension Indicator Tightening”
requirements, unless otherwise noted.
Stud Welding:

Provide in accordance with the stud manufacturer’s recommendations, using only personnel and
equipment authorized by the stud manufacturer. Clean the surfaces where the studs shall be attached
to make free of rust, oil, grease, paint, and other deleterious matter. Remove mill scale by grinding or
sandblasting as necessary to prevent difficulty in obtaining proper welds.
Sliding Bearings:

Install in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Compensate for the ambient temperature at the
time of installation. Sliding joints shall be treated with molybdenum disulphide grease before erection.
Engineered Anchor Systems:

Provide in accordance with the anchor manufacturer’s instructions, using only the materials and
methods acceptable to the anchor manufacturer and the manufacturer’s field engineer.

Field Cutting:

Thermal cutting not permitted. Make alterations to the steel or connections only as accepted by the
Consultant.
TOLERANCES

Fabrication Tolerances

Fabrication Tolerances shall be in accordance with BCSA 57-17: National Structural Steelwork
Specification (NSSS) 6th Edition.
The contractor shall be responsible for detailing all connections and steelwork framing members with
sufficient tolerances to account for as built locations of any steel to concrete connections such as but
not limited to, base plates and anchor bolts, cast in embedded plates etc.
Any critical dimensions of as built existing structural elements shall be verified in the field by the
contractor prior to fabrication.

Erection Tolerances

It’s contractor responsibility to erect to steel structures as per the IFC position and within the construction tolerance,
contractor should submit a detailed method statement demonstrating the erection process and required pre-sets of
the joints considering the self-straining forces if any. Contractor shall consider and allow for any other required
measures i,e., temporary stiffeners to achieve the IFC position of the steel structures within tolerance

Erection Tolerances shall be in accordance with BCSA 57-17: National Structural Steelwork
Specification (NSSS) 6th Edition unless otherwise noted in this specification.
The Contractor shall be responsible for checking the allowable tolerances of elevator divider beams
and guide beams and ensuring the as erected locations of these members are within tolerance.

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

The dimensional deviations (fabrication and erection tolerances) indicated in this Work Section
do not relieve the Contractor of ensuring that the tolerances achieved are suitable based on
the project requirements for fit out trades. These deviations may not be permitted where and
when a higher degree of accuracy is required as follows:
a. As required by the architectural features.
b. As necessary to suit the installation of the project mechanical parts and components.
c. As necessary to suit windows and cladding elements
d. As necessary to suit finishes
e. The Contractor shall satisfy himself during the Shop Drawings period that such items as noted
above can be catered for during fabrication and erection. In the event of disagreement over di-
mensional deviations, the Engineer's decision shall be final.
Never attempt to reduce the camber in an over-cambered beam by immediately applying force in the
opposite direction.
The following tolerances for the assembled roof steelwork prior to strand jacking into the final position.
a. Position of main truss intersection node on plan +- 5mm
b. Deviation at each truss panel joint from a straight line +-L/500 but not greater that 6mm
c. Truss panel dimensions +- 6mm
d. Straightness of internal truss members +- L/1000 but not greater than 3mm
e. Variation in truss depth +- 6mm
f. Non-intended eccentricity in chord members maximum 3mm
g. Verticality of truss h/500
h. Relative levels between trusses +-5mm
i. Connection levels +-5mm
j. Straightness of truss in plan L/1000
k. Variation in length of trusses +- (L/10000+2)mm
SITE QUALITY CONTROL

General:

Errors in shop fabrication or deformation resulting from handling and transportation that prevent the
proper assembly and structural fitting of parts shall be reported immediately to the Engineer, and
approval of the method of correction shall be obtained. Approved corrections shall be made at no
additional cost to the Employer.

The contractor shall appoint an independent testing and inspection agency, approved by the Engineer,
to carry out the testing of any field welding and high strength bolted connections in accordance with
this specification and to carry out the required welding inspections and testing of bolted connections.
Connection Identification

Assign each bolting crew and welder an identifying symbol, and require them to mark every
connection, so that an inspector may identify the person(s) making each connection.
Visual Inspection of Steel Erection:

Perform inspection of the field erection to verify compliance with the specification and the Contractor’s
erection procedures.
Visual Inspection of Field Connections:

Perform inspection of all bolted and welded connections in the Work. Examine the surfaces, size,
quality and placement of each connection to verify installation in accordance with Contract Documents
and accepted shop drawings.

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

Testing and Inspection of fully Pre-tensioned and Slip−Critical High−Strength Bolted Field Connections:

Contractor to provide Torque chart shown the pretension value for each Bolt / Grade, all Torque values
to be verified by supplier / contractor against to pretension value, minimum pretension shall match with
RCSC (Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts) Table 8.1
Test and inspect in accordance with RCSC Specification and as follows.
a. Observe the bolt installation demonstration testing and the calibration procedures.
b. Inspect all bolted connections to verify that the plies of the connected elements have been
brought into firm contact at the faying surfaces.
c. Monitor the bolt installation to verify that the selected installation procedure has been used to
tighten all bolts to the minimum pretensions in the RCSC Specification.
Qualification for Field Welding:

Qualify and certify the welding operators and welding procedures in accordance with AWS qualification
procedures for the processes and welding positions that will be used. Welding procedures shall be in
accordance with AWS D1.1 requirements, using the same type of equipment and welds to be used in
the Work.
Contractor shall submit fit-up inspection before any site welding to checks the edge preparation for
welded joint, the same need to be complied with WPS and AWS D1.1
Testing and Inspection of field welding

All welds shall be inspected and tested in the field for the following (refer to Part 1 for requirements for
testing in the shop) :
a. Visual inspection by an AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) - 100% of welds
b. Magnetic Particle Inspection, as per ASTM E709:
1). Manual Fillet Welds and Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) welds – random testing, approxi-
mately 10% linear length of welds
2). Automatic Fillet welds and partial joint penetration (PJP) welds – 300mm of each end of all
welds (applies to web to flange joints in plate girders). Elsewhere 10% linear length of weld.
3). Tension Welds (Demand-Critical) as indicated on the design drawings – 100% of all welds
c. Ultrasonic Inspection, as per ASTM E164 & AWS Section 6, part C and as amended below;
1). Manual complete joint penetration (CJP) groove welds – 100% of all welds
2). Automatic complete joint penetration (CJP) groove welds – 100%
Weld Defects

Cracks, overlaps, lack of penetration or incomplete fusion shall not be allowed.

Engineered Anchor Systems:

Monitor installation of anchors and conduct pull−out tests of 10% of the anchors, at random and as
indicated or requested by the Engineer.
Testing of Stud Welds:

Perform visual inspection of studs and stud installation.

Refer to quality assurance section 1.7 for further requirements.

Conduct standard in−place shear stud bend test on 10% of the studs, selected at random, minimum 2
studs per erected member, in accordance with AWS D1.1 requirements.
Anchor Manufacturer’s Field Service:

At the start of the installation, periodically as the Work progresses, and after completion, furnish the
services of the engineered anchor manufacturer’s field engineer at the job site as necessary to advise

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

on every phase of the Work. As a minimum, furnish full−time attendance during the first 2 work days,
at least once every week thereafter, and furnish technical assistance to the Installer as may be
required. The field engineer shall observe the anchoring process during installation as well as examine
the completed installation before it is covered.

Non-Shrink Grout

Prepare 50mm cubes and test for compressive strength in accordance with ASTM C109
Charpy V-Notch Testing:

Testing shall be in accordance with ASTM A6, Supplement S30, where this testing is specifically
required.
Inspection and Quality Control of Corrosion Protection Systems

Coatings shall be acceptable only if measured film thicknesses are not less than minimum and the
average of measured thicknesses is not less than the nominal thickness.
All the work and materials for corrosion protection systems covered by this Section shall be
subject to inspection by the Engineer. Any work or materials so inspected and found to be defective or
not conforming to this Work Section shall be rectified by the Contractor at no additional cost and in a
manner agreed by the Engineer.

Unless other special arrangements have been agreed with the Engineer, at least 1 weeks’ notice shall
be given to the Engineer prior to the start of any work covered by this Work Section. Whilst work is in
progress, access shall be given to the Engineer at all times and all equipment necessary for the quality
control and shall be made available by the Contractor to the Engineer.

Blast cleaning control shall be by means of visual comparison. Further inspections may be made
using a reflectro-meter. The surface roughness shall be checked either by means of a profile gauge or
a roughness gauge. The results shall be recorded by the applicable inspector and retained for
reference.
Provide an adequate number of wet film thickness gauges available at the place of application for use
by inspection staff. The final check shall be by dry film measurement using suitable test equipment.

During application, the Contractor shall be required to provide samples of the paint being used for
analysis by the Testing Laboratory Agency for composition and physical characteristics. The cost of
these tests shall be borne by the Contractor up to a maximum of 1 test per 1000L of paint.
The contractor shall be responsible for and protect all equipment and structures and any other items
required by the Engineer to be protected from mechanical damage from paint dropping or overspray.
Examples of items to be protected are as follows:
a. Fittings/ Fixtures
b. Machinery
c. Cables
d. Pipe-work.
e. Gratings
f. Any other structure not being painted at the particular time
The shades of successive coats shall differ so as to facilitate inspection and to assist the
Contractor in covering previous coats.
The shades of primers and undercoats shall be submitted to the Engineer for review before
commencing Work.
Sprayed Fire Resistant Material

Testing and inspections shall be in accordance with NFPA 5000 including, but not limited to, ASTM
E605, Standard Test Methods for thickness and density of sprayed fire resistive material applied to
structural members & ASTM E736 Standard Test Method for cohesion / adhesion of sprayed fire

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 1000 STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

resistive materials applied to structural members.

Contractor to validate requirement of mineral wool batt within decking flute cavity as per ASFP
guidance TGD 15.
Metal lath strip to be installed within oversized steel sections as per manfuacture design of fire
proofing.

ADJUSTING AND CLEANING

Remedial Actions for Paint Applications

Damaged surfaces including previous coats of paint and damage caused by on Site welding shall be
made good in accordance with these clauses.
Where remedial work needs to be carried out, the surfaces shall be cleaned to the same
standard as the original preparation. Where the original preparation was by blast cleaning equipment,
portable blast cleaning equipment shall be used for this re-preparation. This shall continue for a
minimum of 25mm into the adjoining coated surfaces, after which the bare metal shall be coated with
the materials indicated.
Care shall be taken to ensure there is no abnormal thickness of coating in the areas which have
been remediated.
Early degradation of coatings by blistering, peeling, flaking, cracking, lack of adhesion, etc. must be
made good by complete removal, preparation and reapplication of all coats, as instructed.
Inadequate dry film thickness or surface defects due to adverse weather may, depending on the type
of paint, be remedied by rubbing down and applying further coat(s), as instructed.

Mechanical damage to coatings must be made good by local cutting back of coatings, preparation and
reapplication of all coats to leave a neat, continuous and flat finish.
Where damage to coatings or subsequent surface preparation has exposed bare metal, it must be
thoroughly cleaned and primed within two hours.

Cleaning

Upon completion of the works, remove unused materials, debris containers and equipment from the
project site. Clean the work as necessary to remove dirt, loose rust and other deleterious to application
of sprayed fire-proofing, if required.
PROTECTION

Protection of Bolts in Position

Once cast in position, protect bolts against damage from any source as required by the site
conditions. Where it is necessary for vehicles to run over areas where there are projecting bolts, the
Engineer may direct the Contractor to provide temporary mass concrete, wooden sleepers or other
suitable agreed provisions to protect the bolts against damage.

END OF SECTION

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2.2 SECTION 053100 - STEEL FLOOR DECKING

KING ABDULLAH FINANCIAL DISTRICT A.04 TOWERS AND CAR PARK CONCEPT DESIGN WSP
Project No. 55001340 20 October 2022
KAFD
STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

SECTION 05 3100 – STEEL FLOOR DECKING...................................................................................................... 2

GENERAL........................................................................................................................................... 2
SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................................. 2
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................... 2
REFERENCE STANDARDS .................................................................................................................... 3
SUBMITTALS.......................................................................................................................................... 4
CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS ...................................................................................................................... 5
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................................... 5
QUALITY ASSURANCE .......................................................................................................................... 6
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING ................................................................................................ 7
PRODUCTS ........................................................................................................................................ 8
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................ 8
MATERIALS............................................................................................................................................ 8
FABRICATION ........................................................................................................................................ 9
EXECUTION ..................................................................................................................................... 10
GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................. 10
EXAMINATION...................................................................................................................................... 10
INSTALLATION ..................................................................................................................................... 10
TOLERANCES ...................................................................................................................................... 12
SITE QUALITY CONTROL .................................................................................................................... 12
CLEANING AND ADJUSTING ............................................................................................................... 12
PROTECTION....................................................................................................................................... 12

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

SECTION 05 3100 – STEEL FLOOR DECKING

GENERAL

SUMMARY

Related Documents

Read this work section in conjunction with other related work sections, division 01 general requirements,
the design drawings and the contract conditions.
Read this work Section in conjunction with the Project Specific Fire and Life Safety report.
Related Work Sections:

051200 Structural Steel Framing

033000 Cast-In-Place Concrete
Work Section Includes:

All materials, labour, equipment and services necessary to furnish, deliver, and install all work for this
section shall be provided as shown on the drawings, as specified, and as required by job conditions,
including but not limited to the following:
a. All Steel Framed Areas: Composite steel decking (permanent formwork) as required for concrete
construction, including all steel stud shear connectors, closures, deck support angles at columns,
reinforcing as hereinafter specified and all accessories as may be required for a complete and
properly erected installation.
b. Steel Roof decking
c. Welding: Including all welding required to properly fabricate and erect the steel decking.
d. Accessory Items:
1). Continuous edge closures, closure plates, end closures, flashing and the like, as required to
properly prepare the decking to receive the concrete, and the welding of all such work, as
required.
2). Filler plates as may be required to close gaps between decking and structural concrete.
3). Hoisting of all materials required to be furnished and installed under this Contract.
4). Painting: All touch-up painting required for weld areas and damaged surfaces of steel decking
and accessory items shall be performed under this Contract.
5). Hanger tabs shall be furnished in place to receive suspended ceiling construction.
6). Safety Requirements: The Contractor shall be held responsible for compliance with the safety
requirements of all city, state and federal agencies having jurisdiction, including the Occupa-
tional Safety and Health Administration.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

Consultants Design Verification

It is the contractor’s responsibility to establish the Contractor’s requirements of the local authority to
obtain building permit for the steel structure.
The contractor shall provide an undertaking letter, if required by the governing local authority, stating
that he has checked all aspects of the steel design for submittal to the local authority to obtain the
building permit for steel structures.
The contractor shall make any necessary submittals and calculations as required by governing local
authority to assist in obtaining the required permits, at no additional cost to the Employer.

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

REFERENCE STANDARDS

General:

All Building Codes, Industry Standard specifications and applicable By-Laws referred to in the
Specification shall be the current published editions including all latest revisions, amendments,
addendums and additions.
Reference Standards

ANSI / SDI C-2011 Standard for composite steel floor deck slabs.
SBC 306-2018 Saudi Steel Structures Code
AISC Steel Construction Manual, 14th Edition
AISC 303-10 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges, as modified herein.
AISC 360-10 Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings, Chapter I
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards.
AWS D1.1 (2010) "Structural Welding Code," D1.1 including all supplements, addenda, and special
rulings applicable to building construction, except amendments to sections or inspection specified
herein.
AWS A2.4 (2007) Standard symbols for welding, brazing and non-destructive examination
ACI-318-14 Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, latest edition.
BS 5950-4:1994 Structural use of steelwork in building. Code of practice for design of composite slabs
with profiled steel sheeting.
BS 5950-6:1995: Structural use of steelwork in building. Code of Practice for design of light gauge
profiled steel sheeting
BS EN 1994-1-1:2004: Eurocode 4. Design of composite steel and concrete structures. General rules
and rules for buildings
BS EN 1993-1-3:2006: Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures. General Rules. Supplementary rules for
cold formed members and sheeting.
BS EN 10143 :2006 Continuously hot-dip coated steel sheet and strip. Tolerances on dimensions and
shape
BS EN 10346:2015 Continuously hot-dip coated steel flat products for cold forming. Technical delivery
conditions
BS EN 12944 – Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems
BCSA 52-10: National Structural Steelwork Specification (NSSS)
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA), as amended to date.
AISC Detailing for steel construction, 3rd edition.
AISC Design Guides (No. 1 thru 25)
IBC Chapter 17, Structural Tests and Special Inspections

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

SUBMITTALS

Comply with the requirements of Division 01 Submittal Procedures and submit the following at the
relevant stages;

Post Contract Submittals

Submit for approval all Product data or manufacturer’s specifications and installation instructions for the
following products. Include laboratory test reports and other data to demonstrate compliance with the
specifications (including referenced standards herein)
Mill Reports: The Contractor shall submit mill reports (certified) covering the physical properties and
other pertinent information of all steel decking required under this Contract.
Submit an evaluation report confirming compliance of steel deck with regulatory fire-resistance
requirements.
Provide copies of each welder's qualification records to the Engineer for inspection.
Shop Drawings:
a. Submit Shop Drawings for review 21 days prior to commencing any fabrication of structural steel.
b. Prepare Shop Drawings incorporating sufficient information for the proper installation of the steel
deck and connections.
c. Show steel deck layouts, (minimum scale of 1:50) indicating the following information:
1). Material grade
2). Finishes: Galvanizing, Paint or Cementitious Fire proofing as appropriate for project condi-
tions.
3). Deck layout and orientation, type and gauge, framing and supports, and unit dimensions and
sections
4). Size and location of holes and openings through deck
5). Edge condition details and locations, including type and locations of all closures
6). Additional deck support framing where required (by Contractor)
7). Types of welds and weld patterns, including weld washer requirements.
8). Types of connection, fasteners and locations.
9). Location and patterns for button punching.
10). Layout of steel shear connector studs.
11). Shoring locations, if required
12). Include with each detail shown on the Shop Drawings a reference to the Design Drawings
and details, where applicable.
13). Prior to Shop Drawings submittal, the Contractor and Fabricator shall review the Shop Draw-
ings for obvious drafting and detailing errors
14). Modification of details and all deviations from the design drawings and the reasons therefore,
shall be submitted for review with the shop drawings. Each modification or deviation shall be
brought to the Engineer of Record's attention.
15). Responsibility for all errors in detailing, fabrication and fitting of the steel decking shall be the
Contractor's. Care shall be taken to maintain all architectural clearances.
Design Computation:
a. In accordance with the Engineer of Record's design, the Contractor shall detail and be responsible
for the component parts of the steel deck, indicating location, type, size, and materials, welds (length
and dimensions), reinforcing, closures and the like.
b. The Fabricator's Engineer shall stamp, date and submit a letter simultaneously with the first submit-
tal of structural steel Shop Drawings stating the following: "All structural steel Shop Drawings pre-
pared for this Project either have been or shall be prepared under my direct supervision and review."
1). Before being submitted to the Engineer, the Shop Drawings showing proposed connections

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

shall be reviewed by the Erector to confirm that the intended connection configurations are
acceptable to the Erector. The Erector shall provide a letter stating that the connections sat-
isfy their guidelines for erection. This letter shall be submitted to the Engineer with the first
submittal set of Shop Drawings.
2). Structural steel Shop Drawings shall not be reviewed by the Engineer until letters from the
Fabricator's Engineer and Erector have been received.
3). A minimum of 2 No. copies of each Shop Drawings shall be supplied to the Engineer for his
review. Fabrication shall not be commenced until the Engineer has accepted.
4). In general, the Engineer shall verify the correct interpretation of his requirements but shall
not necessarily verify the dimensions or check the strength or practicability of the details
c. Provide detailed method statements for the safe erection of the steel decking
d. Erection Plan: The erection plan shall be submitted solely for the purpose of confirming that the
Contractor has complied with the Specification requirements to prepare an erection plan. The erec-
tion plan shall not be reviewed.
CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS

As Built Information

The Contractor Shall submit final soft copy set of the approved, shop drawings along with full set of all
calculations indexed and cross referenced to the plans for record purposes.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Coordination

The information contained in the design drawings show the design intent. The contractor shall be
responsible for the final coordination of all trades and implementation of any effect of this coordination
on the structural steel framing subject to approval by the Engineer.
Coordinate with other trades to ensure appropriate tolerances in the structural decking and slab edges
are allowed for.
Any critical dimensions controlled by as built conditions of other structures in the field shall be verified
on site prior to fabrication of the members.
If required, coordinate the selection of surface preparation for steel to receive spray on cementitious
fireproofing.
Design

Decking shall be furnished and installed so as to require no shoring from below.

Requirements at Edge Conditions
a. Make specific provisions to provide the necessary framing materials at slab and roof edge condi-
tions. Provide and install all gauge metal edge closures where required by the Design Drawings
and the Specification and coordinate shoring requirements at composite slab edges.
b. Provide and install all structural steel bent plate edge closures or structural steel edge materials
and any corresponding bracing or shoring where required by the Design Drawings and the Specifi-
cation.
c. At edge closures, provide necessary modifications to the edge closure to ensure that shear con-
nector studs can be properly connected to the structural framing. Where possible, weld through the
edge closure. Where this is not possible or where an inadequate weld occurs, cut the edge plate at
each stud and connect the stud directly to the framing.
Galvanized Composite Steel Deck
a. Determine the gauge of deck and minimum connections based on the span conditions, the un-
shored conditions and the superimposed loads indicated on the Design Drawings and the associ-
ated load diagrams and notes.
Shear Connectors
a. Where the deck capacity is determined based on the installation of shear studs, the shear studs

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

required on the framing plans for composite beams or other connections to structural framing shall
not be considered to be effective in determining the deck capacity.
b. Shear studs, which are in addition to those required by the Design Drawings, shall be provided as
required by the deck manufacturer to achieve the required deck capacity, provided these additional
studs can be placed on the beam without adversely affecting the shear value of the studs that are
required by the Contract Documents.
Support Framing
a. Where necessary to provide support of the deck at edges of openings and at columns, provide
additional support framing in accordance with the typical details so that the deck flutes are supported
with a minimum 50mm of bearing.
b. Where no details are provided or the indicated details are not applicable, design and provide sec-
ondary structural steel framing to support the deck. The secondary framing shall satisfy the require-
ments of Section 051200 Structural Steel Framing.
Accessories
a. At roof and composite floor slab conditions, design and provide all accessories of types required to
complete the installation of steel decking for the system shown on the Design Drawings, including
edge forms, end closures, sump pans, closure strips, cover plates and similar items.
b. Finish sheet steel items to match deck.
Sprayed-on Fireproofing
a. All steel decking shall be free of oil, dirt or other materials that shall impair bond of concrete or
fireproofing.
b. Application of the sprayed-on fireproofing shall not commence until all steel surfaces have been
accepted by sprayed-on fireproofing Subcontractor and the material manufacturer. No additional
compensation shall be granted to the Contractor, steel decking erector or fireproofing applicator
should it be determined at a later date that foreign substances that were allowed to remain on the
steel surfaces will have a detrimental effect in obtaining total adhesion in accordance with the fire-
proofing requirements indicated in the Specification.
QUALITY ASSURANCE

The contractor is solely responsible for the quality control of the works. Inspection of the works by the
Engineer does not relieve the contractor of his responsibility to perform the works in accordance with contract
documents and standards referenced herein.

The steel erector shall be certified by AISC, category CSE, or similar approved. The erector shall have
completed work similar in material, design and extent to that indicated for this project and with a record of
successful in-service performance.

A certificate of conformance shall be submitted to the Engineer by the steel manufacturer certifying that the
steel is new steel conforming to the specification of materials contained herein.

Before commencing the Shop Drawings, prepare and submit for the Engineer's review Draft Shop Drawings
showing typical details proposed for the connections along with design calculations. Ensure submission is
clearly identified as a Draft Issue.

Arrange a meeting with the Engineer after these Draft Shop Drawings have been submitted, at a time and
place agreed by the Engineer, to review these documents and coordinate the procedure for the review of
Shop Drawings.

The specialist coating supplier shall submit a warranty and written confirmation that the coating system
proposed is suitable for the specified environmental category, life to first maintenance and fire protection
requirements and shall provide supporting technical justification with reference to relevant design standards.

Pre-Fireproofing Inspection: The Contractor, steel decking erector, sprayed-on fireproofing applicator and
the Testing Laboratory Agency shall conduct a visual inspection of all steel decking prior to receiving
fireproofing.The purpose of this inspection is to check for foreign substances on the surfaces that could impair
adhesion. Any cleaning that may be necessary as a result of this inspection shall be done at no additional
cost to the Employer.

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

General

Particular care shall be taken when transporting, handling or storing parts which have been
painted. Care must be exercised to avoid abrasions and other damage. If any coating is
damaged it shall be restored to comply with the relevant requirements of this Work Section.
Delivery

Steel decking shall not be placed directly on the ground. Material shall be stocked out of mud and dirt
and proper drainage shall be provided. Structural steel decking must be protected from damage or
soiling by adjacent construction operations.
All paint products and thinners shall be delivered to the place of application in sealed containers, with a
maximum capacity of 20L, clearly labelled, identifying the manufacturer, formulation, colour, batch
number, date of manufacture, shelf life, pot life, mixing instructions and method of use.
Storage

Store materials in a manner to permit easy access for inspection and identification
Do not store materials on any portion of the structure in a manner that might cause distortion or damage
to the members of the supporting structures. Repair or replace damaged materials or structures at no
additional cost to the Employer.
Keep steel members off the ground, using pallets, platforms or other supports.
Protect steel deck and packaged materials from corrosion and deterioration.
Steelwork shall be stored in such a way as to avoid water retention. If necessary it shall be kept under
well ventilated cover.
All paint products shall be stored in properly ventilated and temperature controlled premises in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Paint products shall not be stored for longer than the shelf life recommended by the manufacturer. When
the shelf life limit is reached the materials shall be removed from the place of application and discarded.
Store products in such a manner that the materials stored longest shall be used first.
Paint products which have livered, gelled or deteriorated in any way during storage, shall not be used.
Materials which can be restored to normal consistency by stirring, shall be accepted provided that they
have not exceeded the recommended shelf life.
Handling

Comply with the governing local authority health and safety regulations

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

PRODUCTS

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Fire Protection

Refer to the Fire & life safety consultant’s report for project specific fire protection requirements.
In the absence of a project specific fire life safety report or information shown on the design drawings
providing the exact requirements for fire protection the contractor shall seek clarification from the
Architect of Record.
Corrosion Protection.

Specified corrosion protection exposure categories are defined in BS EN 12944 using a life to first
maintenance period of 15 years.
a. Internal Steelwork within conditioned space – C2
b. External Steelwork – C4
MATERIALS

Sustainability

Ensure at least 50% of all structural steel (by weight) has a minimum of 25% post-consumer recycled
content or is reused.
Ensure at least 20% of material cost of the building is sourced from regional materials with 500km of the
project site. The furthest point of origin of a material is to be measured as either the furthest distance
travelled to the project site from the point of extraction, harvest or recovery or the point of manufacture.
The term “manufacture” in this context shall mean ‘to process or fabricate a raw material into a finished
product. It excludes simple assembly.
Structural Steel Decking:

Composite floor deck shall be galvanized steel conforming to EN 10326 S275 or S350, with Fy = 280
MPa or 350Mpa minimum, and a Z275 coating of zinc prior to being formed. Furnish decking of depth
and profile as indicated on the Design Drawings.
Refer to design drawings for decking type, gauge, slab thickness, concrete fill and layout.
Shear Connector Studs

Welded Shear Connectors: Shall be Type B in accordance with AWS D1.1 and comply with ASTM A108,
Grade 1015 or Grade 1020, of dimensions in accordance with AISC specifications and the Design
Drawings for through deck stud welded shear connectors. Install in such a manner as to provide
complete fusion between the end of the stud and structural steel base material.
Mechanical Fasteners: Provide corrosion-resistant, low-velocity, powder-actuated or pneumatically
driven carbon-steel fasteners, or self-drilling, self-threading screws.
Side-Lap Fasteners: Provide corrosion-resistant, hexagonal washer head, self-drilling, carbon-steel
screws, No.10 minimum diameter.
Welding Materials: Provide the applicable AWS D1.1 and AWS D1.3 type required for materials being
welded.
Weld Washers: Provide as required in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Accessory Items

Provide metal cover plates to close gaps at changes in deck direction, columns, walls and openings,
1.2mm thick minimum.
Provide continuous sheet metal edging at openings and concrete slab edges, 1.2mm thick minimum or
as required by the Design Drawings and the Shop Drawings.

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

Provide sealed closures for ends of cells on single-unit decking, 1.2mm thick minimum.
For openings between decking and other construction, fabricate metal closure strips of 1.2mm thick
sheet steel. Form to provide tight fitting closures at open ends of cells or flutes, sides of decking and
between decking.
FABRICATION

General

Fabricate and assemble in the shop to the greatest extent possible.

Provide in accordance with AISC specification and AISC code. Properly mark and match-mark the
material where field assembly requires. Sequence the shipments to expedite erection and minimise the
field handling of material.
Fabricate composite deck units with integral embossing or raised patterns to provide mechanical bond
with concrete slabs.
Furnish deck panels of lengths required to span continuously over four or more supports, three spans,
unless framing does not allow for such layout.
Furnish deck panels with butted end conditions and interlocking side laps, unless otherwise indicated by
the Engineer.
Furnish deck with approved tabs or clips for hanging loads:
Hanger clips designed to clip over male side lap joints of floor deck units may be used instead of hanger
slots.
Provide manufacturer's standard hanger attachment devices.
Shop Welding of Steel Deck

When two (2) or more units are assembled by welding to form one unit, and the properties of that unit
have been calculated in accordance with the AISC Specifications, the welds integrating the sheets into
the unit shall be sufficient to develop the full horizontal shear at the plane where the sheets are jointed.
The design strength per weld shall be in accordance with the aforementioned specifications.
Spot welds shall be made using resistance spot welders with electronic timers and heat controls, with
uniformly applied pressure, and incorporating slope and temper controls to properly anneal the welds.
Steel Deck Openings

Cutting of Openings: Steel decking (permanent formwork) shall be cut by the Contractor as required to
fit pre-determined holes and structural steel framed openings which are located and dimensioned on the
structural, architectural, mechanical and electrical drawings.
Other than predetermined holes, all holes required by other trades shall be provided by the trades
requiring the holes (other than predetermined holes). Cutting shall be performed as hereinafter specified.
Shop and field cutting of steel decking (permanent formwork) as required to provide sufficient clearance
for brackets and the work of other trades and all coping and welding of such members shall be included
under the Contract.
Reinforcing for Openings and Holes: The reinforcing required for all openings and holes passing through
the steel decking shall be furnished and installed under this Contract regardless of by whom the holes
have been cut.

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

EXECUTION

GENERAL

Experienced Operatives

Operatives shall be skilled and experienced with the material and equipment being used.
Where necessary, provide adequate training in association with the manufacturers recommendations.
Adequate supervision shall be provided at all times and all supervisors shall be skilled in each of the
methods of application under his control.
Construction Loading

Assume complete responsibility for the loading of composite floor deck due to construction loads.
The Contractor shall verify when it is acceptable to place loads on the composite floor deck with the
deck supplier who shall substantiate that the slab deck shall not be damaged or shall have a reduced
capacity as a result of the proposed construction loads.
Assume responsibility to repair any damage that occurs to the deck due to construction loads caused
by Contractor's activities and by the activities of Subcontractors.
Temperature Effect

In setting out and erecting continuous structures, proper adjustments shall be made as directed by the
Engineer to counteract dimensional discrepancies owing to temperature variations from the specified
mean.
EXAMINATION

Surface Conditions:

Examine the areas and conditions under which work of this Work Section shall be performed. Correct
conditions detrimental to timely and proper completion of the Work. Do not proceed until unsatisfactory
conditions are corrected.
INSTALLATION

General:

Install decking in accordance with accepted Shop Drawings and the manufacturer's recommendations.
Where steel deck shall be welded to steel framing with puddle welds or shear studs, the steel
framing shall be free of dirt and debris prior to laying the steel deck. Any water in the deck's valley shall
be released so it does not become entrapped between the deck and the beam. The deck shall be
installed so that the bottom rib is in continuous contact with the steel framing.
Accurately align and adjust steel panel units in place before permanently fastening. Provide butt
end spliced, do not overlap ends of deck. Inaccuracies in alignment or level shall be brought to the
attention of the Engineer and corrected by the Contractor before steel panels are finally placed.
Provide proper bearing on support framing of 50mm minimum to steel and 100mm minimum to CMU or
concrete. Where shear connector studs are used, place deck so that the stud can be placed on top of
the framing. If the stud falls within the top of the flute, cut a slot through the deck and provide
closure so that fresh concrete shall not leak.
Reinforce openings in accordance with structural framing details indicated on the Shop Drawings
and the Design Drawings and manufacturer's recommended details.
Install strip closures at slab edges of the thickness of slab, as required to contain poured concrete.
Ensure closures are of sufficient strength to remain in place without distortion.
Install closure strips and angle flashings as required to close openings between deck and walls,
columns and openings and gaps between deck, to prevent concrete leakage.

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

Connections
a. After deck has been aligned, provide permanent connections to the support framing with welds,
shear connector studs, screw fasteners or powder driven fasteners as required by the manufacturer
or as indicated on the Shop Drawings and the Design Drawings.
b. All closures, edge forms, plates and similar items shall be securely connected to the support framing
in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and as indicated on the Shop Drawings
and the Design Drawings.
Comply with AWS requirements and procedures for manual shielded metal arc welding, appearance
and quality of welds and methods used in correcting work. Use welding washers where recommended
by the deck manufacturer.
Furnish shoring as required to maintain position of structures and prevent deflection beyond allowable
limits. Ensure construction loads do not exceed deck carrying capacity in accordance with the
manufacturer's requirements.
Shear Connectors

General:
a. Weld shear connectors to supports through decking units in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
b. Shear studs may be used in lieu of 20mm puddle welds.
c. The studs shall be installed only by certified operators approved by the manufacturer and who are
thoroughly familiar with the installation equipment.
d. A copy of the operating instructions for the equipment shall be at the Site at all times.
e. Interchanging of studs and welding equipment of different manufacturers shall not be permitted.
Installation, inspection and qualification of weld base metal shall conform to the requirements of AWS
D1.1.
The first 2 No. studs, at the start of each production period, meaning the interval between start-
up and shut-down of equipment, and at the start of each new welding procedure, shall be tested by
bending to an angle of 30° by striking the stud with a hammer, this is in lieu of the first sentence in
Paragraph a of the AWS D1.1. If failure occurs in the weld, the procedure shall be corrected and the
next 2 studs shall be welded and tested prior to welding of any more studs.
If after welding, visual inspection reveals that a sound weld or a full 360° flash has not been
obtained for a particular stud, the stud shall be replaced. At the Contractor's option, the weld may
be repaired by AWS D1.1.
Studs that show no signs of failure shall be accepted as shear connectors provided they meet the
dimensional limitations of the Shop Drawings and the Design Drawings, provided no portion is less
than 25mm from a proposed concrete surface, and provided any bends or out-of-plumbness does not
exceed 15°. In addition, all studs shall extend not less than 40mm above the top of the decking. If
thru-deck stud welding is not practical, provide pre-punched holes in deck.
The studs shall have complete fusion to the steel beams underlying the decking. Where repairs are
made by fillet welding, such welding shall be between stud and beam, with removal of portions
of the decking as required.
Ferrules shall be removed after completion.
Do not weld shear connectors through two layers, meaning lapped ends, of decking units.
Weld only on clean, dry deck surfaces.
Space and align shear connectors as shown or, if not shown, as recommended by the manufacturer.
On steel beam supporting steel deck with concrete or cast-in-place concrete, shear studs shall be
placed at a maximum spacing of at 600mm on center, unless otherwise indicated.
Hanging Loads

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STANDARD SPECIFICATION DIVISION 05 – METALS
WSP SECTION 05 3100 STEEL FLOOR DECKING

Do not hang concentrated loads exceeding 25kg from the steel roof deck.
Loads shall be located no closer than 1500mm from any adjacent hanging load.
TOLERANCES

Installation Tolerances

Unless otherwise indicated, edge materials shall be field installed to the minimum tolerances of this
Section or as required for the installation of the cladding system, whichever is more stringent.
a. Edge Location: ±13mm from established building working lines.
Edge Height: ±3mm from established slab thickness.
SITE QUALITY CONTROL

General:

Errors in shop fabrication or deformation resulting from handling and transportation that prevent the
proper assembly and structural fitting of parts shall be reported immediately to the Engineer, and
approval of the method of correction shall be obtained. Approved corrections shall be made at no
additional cost to the Employer.
Visual Inspection of Steel Erection:

Perform inspection of the field erection to verify compliance with the specification and the Contractor’s
erection procedures.
Testing of Stud Welds:

Perform visual inspection of studs and stud installation.

Conduct standard in−place shear stud bend test on 10% of the studs, selected at random, minimum 2
studs per erected member, in accordance with AWS D1.1 requirements.
CLEANING AND ADJUSTING

Cleaning

Prior to placement of concrete or other finish materials, the deck shall be cleaned to be free of debris
and water.
Adjusting

Galvanizing Repairs: Repair galvanized coatings on both surfaces of deck with galvanized repair paint
according to ASTM A780 and the manufacturer's written instructions at cut edges or locations where
coating has been damaged.
PROTECTION

Provide final protection and maintain conditions to ensure that steel deck is without damage or
deterioration at time of Taking-Over.
Provide protection against concrete splatter or spillage for all materials that would be adversely
affected by this occurrence.

END OF SECTION

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