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Multiple Integral

The document discusses multiple integrals, focusing on double integration techniques and evaluation methods. It outlines the process of integrating functions of two variables over specified regions, providing examples and exercises for practice. Additionally, it covers changing the order of integration and applications of double integrals in calculating areas between curves.

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Alison Gibson
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18 views40 pages

Multiple Integral

The document discusses multiple integrals, focusing on double integration techniques and evaluation methods. It outlines the process of integrating functions of two variables over specified regions, providing examples and exercises for practice. Additionally, it covers changing the order of integration and applications of double integrals in calculating areas between curves.

Uploaded by

Alison Gibson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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2 Multiple Integrals 2.1 DOUBLE INTEGRATION We know that {oe = | sande ese 8ef0801+ +F() a] Let us consider a function f(x, y) of two variables x and y defined in the finite region A of x-y plane. Divide the ©! tegion A into elementary areas BAL, Ba, B43, nn By Then ff sesy) aa = him [Fes 9) BA +f 9 Ba + 2.2 EVALUATION OF DOUBLE INTEGRAL Double integral over region A may be evaluated by two successive integrations. If A is described as fy (x)0, 4 (Ravi Shankar Univ, - Semester 2003) Solution. The given impel is = ff ay 2 y8 dey On puting x = reos.y = rsinO; 2+y? = 7 and dedy = rdOdr in (1), we get “J Jiec0s0) (sine (Frdrdo=[f Psindeos0.#.rdrdO =JJersindcosoarae =f sinocosode fr2dr “ere, since the positive quadrant of x? +y# = 4 lies in I quadran a therefore 0 lies between 0 and * and the limits of ris O and 2 2 Hence, the integral now becomes 7 Ba ” wel [sinoenoao frerar=f snovooao] 25] o 0 0 * lo 29 17 (ante a eet Ans. aCe EXERCISE 2.1 Evaluate aut y 2 tar e [fete Ame 2-1 2 fo ae aw Ans. 22 a m1 4. Jf (S—20-y) dey, where Ais given by y= 0.429 =3,x= 9% Ans. - 2 5 SJ, xy de dy, where Ais given by 2 +y¥-24= 0, 97 = 2, ans angel (Ba 6 sie EP =HF de dy, where A is the triangle given by y=0, y=xandx = 1. ns. |F4F z {erp ecnobocabeceabomaey beans Bodo 8 | J. aes, where Risthe two-dimensional region bounded by the curves ans yex and ya. 35 % ffarmae Mutiple integrats 99 2. Tuanstoon ff YF sa Fiimibebinls wf fusstache .. amt inf feu ant wo f [fafa ncn) {ue fibre am beet) Uf f°" y SEZ F andy ater ransformaion nto plat courdimates becomes ann, nr 2002) sv fo ab [Par cin ff cee aeay = (Ante Summer 2001, Ane 31. The value ofthe integral ffx de dy over the area in the first quadrant by the curve x" ~ 2ax-+ y*= 01s wie of of we [MLE TE. Winter, 2003) Ans. (d) 23. CHANGE OF ORDER OF INTEGRATION (On changing the order of integration, the limits of integration change, To find the new limits, we draw the rough sketch of the region of integration Some of the problems connected with double integrals, which seem to be complicated, can be made easy to handle by a change in the order of integration. Example 12. Change the order of integration in (Nagpur Summer 2001) ! [fade ont hence alate te same. (ANIL, Sem 2001 ie Souion. = ff 'yded The tegion of integration is shown by shaded portion inthe figure hounded by parabola y = 2 and the line y= 2 -x. ‘The point of intersection of the parabola y = x and the line y = 2— x is B (1, 1), In the figure below (left) we have taken a strip parallel to y- axis and the order of integration is fra five In the second figure above we have taken a strip parallel to x- axis in the area OBC and second strip in the area ABC. The limits of x in the area OBC are 0 and Wy and the limits of + in the area ABC are 0 and 2 ~ y ~~ Multiple Integray 100 So the given mtegrat is foe fess foo fea = fe Example 13. Evaluate : ff ava Solution. ce = aay ° ” x Here the elementary strip PQ extends from y = x10 R 4) = + and this vertical strip slides from x = 0 to x= =. The shaded portion of the figure is, therefore, the region of integration. 3 (On changing the order of integration, we first inte- grate wert. x along a horizontal strip RS which extends from x = given region, we then integrate w.rt. ‘y" from y = 0 toy = =. me Lal sof Saleh sole] x 0 to x = y. To cover the y Oro ylweLeow 7 [-[e[ em Example 14. Change the order of integration in the double integral \ 20 War B (2a, 2a) FE reas asta. Wor 208 i Solution. Limits are given a8 xaQz=2e, ¢ y= War xa and ysWar-F or y= 2ar and (x-aP+y =a? AX “The area of integration is the shaded portion O48. On cha jing the i 20 tar te (te acer - Pn OOe sad A lg Ort ob OT vac fay f vaca 7 Example 15. Changing the onder of integration of [f° oo ' “” sin nx dx dy show that sinnx iter = es - Mutiple Integrals, 101 “Doles bysia-neosnsl] On changing the order Lolo eh { Cree [ee (ay £ fe e-P sin nx de dy = f sinnxde f ody =(ewna fee? = fee [-2], = f SBE ae [-041}= f SAE ae 2) From (1) and (2), we have [see alt Proved. EXERCISE 2.2 ‘Change the order ofthe integration and hence evaluate the following » ff ints * ans. (fy { yobs ne wry dd ans )['d) Penne few ane lay [errr ae am feefe pounds fact swore (AMLETE, Simmer 2000) ae x 5 of {7 fiayyaedy ams. fas J sendy o f fans (at. 2003) 6 (Ptos assert, smn — om (% (0 Gl ao a 1 ieee andy ansie) fade fn” yay SE a f [rendedy Ans fo { forse [eo sora ff ae werdedy Ame fae fers (ALLE, Summer 2000) : 16 jm 162 ans fF acays ff [7 cea 22 ans (de ee. yy, Fat Multiple Integra, Ans. -33 yinaedy . w tf a ten ye fe egies eet i [af eduan ce aa rimter 2001) ABS re 5 mE Lerman { eenee uate oon) Am 3 8. dB, Summer 2 ETF de dy by changing into polar coordinates AMLEs a £ ein Jy by changing into pol ‘ 1 dedy = pe .e right in the ordey mL bata ap ae ee an tiertnano as (aan e209, an Regen EBT = Ares Lp INTEGRALS f f aedy % exh) dicated. 2.4 APPLICATION OF THE DOUBI Let the curves AB and CD be yi =/i (®) and 2h @). Let the ordinates AD and BC be x = @ and 6. So the area enclosed by the two curves yi = fi@) and yy = fo(e) and x= a and x = is ‘ABCD. Let P(s, y) and Q(x + 6x, y + By) be two neigh- bbouring points, then the area of the small rectangle PQ = bx: By. » Area of the vertical strip = lim )) 6x 6y = 8x fe 005 m Since 6x the width of the strip is constant throughout. If we add all the strips from x = @ to x = b, we get im So fo [ufo areas ff aedy a0 % ‘The area ABCD 2.8. AREA IN POLAR CO-ORDINATES Area= f [rasar Let us consider the area enclosed by the curve r = (0), Let P (7, 8), Q(r + 8r, 6 + 68) be two neighbouring points Draw ates PL and QM, radii r and r+ 6r, " PL = 180, PM = br Area of rectangle PLOM = PL x PM = (780) (6r) = 805, <4 The whole area 4 is composed of such small rectangles Hence An fin 228.8 I Irae Multiple Integrals 103 Example 16. Find the area berveer 7 : one em the parabolas 2 = 4 ac ad & vs day ay day 2 On solving the equa wotions (1) and (2) we intersection (de, da (1) and (2) we get the point of Dred 6 et hasan sas with we from P. 210.0, Vay and then y vain fom 0 perry Ai = 4a) oe The requited area = [ [yaw we ow 2 16 | 3 3 Example 17. Find by double integration the area enclosed by the Pa ye2-x and y= 22-2. ir of curves Solution. ae : Pa 2(2-x) oa ‘On solving the equations (1) and (2) we get the points of intersection (2, 0) and (0, 2). a= fares a ar The required area = J dx eee 0 4) 2 Ans. [oo came 1, epee the area erwen scares 4 7Ug od EA) SU double integral ae evaluate it. (R.G.PY, Bhopal, | Sem. 2003} of the shaded portion in the figure Solution, We have to find out the area ‘The given limits are: Reni ee [Je “fas. Ans. Example 19, Find the volume of the torus generated by revolving the circle 2 +9 = 4 about the line x = 3. Solution, 2+)? = 4 v= ff campo) acdy=2n | [ G-2)drdy -2dy i Vana - =2nf de (3 Vere Ge + NEF xa] san f 3VaP 2 OP hae F nan [3 IVER ta xSsint £4) ye 2 2 2°3 : x [ox$roxd] <2 Ans, Example 20. Calculate by double integration the volume tenerated by the revolution of the cardioid r = q (1 cos 0) os ‘bout its axis. 4 cea CRD. Solution. r = a (1 - cos 0) V=2nf fydedy= ¥ = 29 Sled ayy =2nJ a0} rdr(rsinoy x ‘Multiple Integrals 108 = 2n" sinog (to Ymca", =2nf" sin ovo 2p" la a ae 3 J, (\~c0s 6) sine da : ae G=cos 68)" _ ana? 8 @ |= ap te = 5 ne Ans. 26 CENTRE OF GRAVITY Sforda _ foydcay Sfoacay JJodcay Example 21. Find the position of the C.G. of a seni-cir- ql cular lamina of radius a if its density varies asthe square of the distance from the diameter, Solution. Let the bounding diameter be as the x-axis and x a line perpendicular to the diameter and passing through the x'— al centre is y-axis. Equation of the circle is x? + y? = a2. By sum- : metry ¥ = 0. Sfvodedy ff asryacay 5. : Jaa [Jasyaray Purx=asin® 3°, @— asin? 6) cos 0a aff, @-atsin? Ya cos 0.40 Hence C.G.i8{0, #4) ive quadrant of the curve Example 22, Find CO, of the area ine pos Mey a a Sfoaeay 5 [frtety Jfaeay’ 7” Sfdray fee ay fea ng Putx=acos'9 [apy Lao Pfxac(arr—payr faces 0 (?7~ a cost 9 (32 cos? 0 sind) rdeiarr— yer fe “aca fae 2708 saci O040) Similarly, Sw 315%) Example 23, Find, by double ineg r= a(1+cos0), (2560 26a Hence, C.G. of the area is (ise 256 fe ration, the centre of gravity of the rea of the cardioid Solution. Let @, 5) be the C.G. ofthe cardioid By Symmetry, 5 = 0, eee If sags “Thea Tras Multiple Integrals 107 er FE ecm teaan fh coon [Oo eae fos 040. (1 +208 6) _ 7 Sir cont [ode a 8 : @ e FL, [tr zeor 5-1] ao =2f (eas 3 sa - SEL [rcotd-cotd]in-20f ow fa sie ~J cos SJ 2x8a = 2x8e f 20st coo to cot Gen 282 gant ent naan eset sxpet a] -se(225 3) 3 | 8x6x4x2 2 6x4x22 4x22 32a (35m _ 5m), 942/38 - He 16 _ Sa re ="y [128 32, 16 128 “Ba?x3n 24 ae Centre of gravity of an Are Example 24, Find the C.G. of the arc of the curve y = a(1-cos@) in the positive quadrant, ie fantase x= a(0+sin®, Jods Jas $40 YIFTesOtT dO= aN2(1 +0050), dO = aV4cos's 40 = 2acor RE ER 8 eae Mutiple Integra: ° oor t)cor0 if af (o+2802 © ; e frees sino) 200m 510 f a SL Trea [24h a a asinecos? 24 “3 [, [ren Ss2sin feo? a0 2 fF avast J (282 : Dif agft-1ed] = ofa 3] = 2afesine e051 22 fe ufs-ud] f ina Bos $40 fous fa (1 ~cos6)2acos Sao ofostima® " os d0 Ta Sracos Sao fe sf : aaa. 7 3] ‘Ans. : os Ae = Hence, 6, ofthe a is[a(—3} % of "3x2 3[asing EXERCISE 23 ‘Use double integration inthe following question. Find the area bounded by y = x—2 andy? = 2r+ 4, : ina 2. Find the area between the circle + 32 ‘and the line x+y = a in the first quadra Ans. 18 Ans. (~ 2)a°/4 Rab 2 3 (©) Find th area of plat inthe form of quadrant of he ellipse Steel. ‘Ans, 8 (©) Find the are ncuded between iecurves y°= 4a (ea) andy?=4b(b~z). Ans. 3 ab (a+b) (AMLETE, Summer 2061) A Finite aaboundedy (0 7 = 4—tandy = 2.) 22944 = 9, *+y-5=0, y=0 (AMLE, Winter 2001) Ans. (i) 16 2 5 Find he ara enone by the emniseate 7 = aon 99, ‘Ans, a? Find te area tht es inside he cat r= a (+ cou Mandouside hecitcle r= a. Ans, (+8) ee dpe (Nagpur, Winter 2000) 7. ‘Transform the integral ff.» 47 ds 10 the integra in potar co-ordinates, A Pe orate oS 5 Show thatthe area of he region included betwee, the cardioides FOn-8), 9+ indthe sea common tothe cin +2 = Panda? +2 Mutiple Integrals 108 ‘The density ta porto accu lanus sarc ss the stance frm a point O on the circumference, Show thatthe CG hoes the hater tvengh Cw the rat 2 ‘of sola forae by revi abut the ars that part of rea ofthe ellipse (2, am. (A. 0) sine fst quadrant ' 8 Fan the centre of gravity othe ares hounded by the parabola y? = santihe ine y= 2 Ams [ 5, 14. Os the diameter a citelar dsc the density at any point wales a its dotance from Find he poston ofthe cee of ay en hat OH = Ants 530) o 15, Find he cenitowd ofthe loop ofthe curve 2 = «® €0s 20 16. Find the cenoid ofthe area enclosed bythe parabola y* = 4a, the axis af «and ts Iatus rect Aas, 88 17. Find the area cluded beeen the cunesy = —Gr+ Bandy #2049. Amt 3) 2 (MLE TE, Summer 2001) 18, Using double integral find the area of the region bounded by xy = | and 2x +y'= 3 (AMIE, Winter 2004) Ans.3 ~ log 2 2.7 TRIPLE INTEGRATION Example 25. Evaluate [JJ (+y+2)dedy ds, where R:0SxS1, 1 $2,252 33. sation. [def a fersysande = fac fofez ‘a oh fa 3 fa [aes] Lf dct(aeeae = (264249) ‘ fo ryee (xsye21=4 fa fers) lay , 84 Ans. : 2 9! =i fari9 2 de: feceo d= [Fa], _/ Example 26, Evaluate JJ q-areadedyde, whereR:0sx51, O57 Sx, 055249 Solution. f ff) G-2y+2) drdyde 1 fe fo ["e-ae dz = fal fae)” fa aloleer day 22 & ey) fa af a(e- ae ween) {af o@-¥)-2lel aLafe-$) IEE 16-88 2 ok ect logy Example 27. Evaluate the integral FE ev deayde blo Multiple Integr ° i: eel no loey ed t vaty IL Solution, f i, ao pene i toes of eafiew |, prea” (e-ele7— 1) : srtory— 1) = J a8 af ody 4 * dy =f eal ody ial ei edy 0 -f ac], 0" = [ed fed ve De” pie aafve-ne-fee [rea[veve-eh f = [real eee ltd a “cet te) de ° ee =f acto er 4e) = J, tog og? 2 11 = MEE ome 281 OME rte d 8 19 = Si0g2—2 ns. 8 Le ae ee = ylog2-5- 5424945 Example 28. Evaluate SSS, (+42) dedy de where R denotes the region bounded by x = 1¥=0,2=Oandx+y+z = a,(a>0), Solution, Sf, (4242) dedyde y Upper limit of z= a- x y On xy plane, x+y 42—q becomes x + y =a as shown in the figure, Upper limit of ysax Upper limit of x a. wot af C++. ag 10 = fa oftereg} “he “ Uh esay Muttipto Intograls =a [Pen SE seo E a [Pen £ (ana) (ag Jef [ee terol (a-x)°]" ore 1 As Example 29. Compute ff f —H¢4¥4e— i she region of integration is bounded by Gtytet lp the co-ordinate planes and the plane x4 y +2 Solution. Let the given region be R, then R is expressed as OszS1-x-y, OSySI-x, OSxS1. dxdydz of! ge fh gy de SSI, G+yterIP I, i 4y I, wryter (AMLETE, Winter 2001) ix i jal, + ei, Example 30, Evaluate J PJ, 92 de dy de where a S=[qyareryt? $1, x20,y 20,220) Solution. $ is the sphere x° +y?+2"= L. Since x, y, z are all positive, we have to consider only the positive octant of the sphere. Now 2+ y?+2 = I so that z = YI-2?- ‘The projection of the sphere on xy plane is the circle 32+ y* = 1 ‘This circle is covered as y varies from 0 to V2", and x varies from 0 to 1. = WS, axyzdrdydz Multiple integra) ne eer | vay fr fiw ms fe], 4f cae fo 1 iar a a(l-2)- Ul ees (ake o'er ered Pee eT vale 2) =} fixe OT aa ay lp xe 2-22-22424- 1492) ‘ r I d flectgl) cei ets i e$ef] H(t) war 1 solid Bounded by the sur. Example 31. Evaluate ff J VEE dvdy de, where S is the soli faces 2+ ya 222g p21 Sotaton. f [ [WEF ax ay te 1 Nine el a OP ay fl 1 3h 23 445) de = “Lali ere] ae ae ofa f aD PSY 1-PP) NF =f af pap a Changing into polar co-ordinates and ke of the circle 2+)? = 1, 2 = 1, we get 28 Me Example 32. Evainate f if JP sin odr do. Solution. re i * Asin Odrép di Asta Oy BI , + Muttipte Integrals “5 Ca Cine § Cal mel “Fao beat) 5 “S(-HCT 6-4) “ 2.8 CHANGE TO SPHERICAL CO-ORDINATES The relations between the cart tween the cartesian and spherical polar co-ordinates of a point are given by the relations pherical pe dinates of a p« zi x =r sin @ cos p z r sin @ sin 6 ros dx dy dz = |J\ dr d0 do Pane & = obuy, & 607,89) or & or sinBcos> —reosBcosh sind sing = |sinOsing — reos@sing —_rsinOcos¢ cos 8 =rsin® 0 ds dy dz-= (P sin 8) dr dB db Ans. (242 +2) delve taken over the volume enclosed by _/example 33. Evo he mera {J ars, 200) the sphere tay +2 = 1 Solution. Let us convert the given integral into spherical polar co-ordinates. By puting x= rsin 0 cos; y=rsin sing: = rcos0 a ff resinodaddn % ff forests) ddy (3) \ = Ans. Muttipe intogray 114 EXERCISE 2.4 xem, 2003) Ans. 79 de dy de (RGPY. Bhopal, 1 Sem ty (AMIETE, ine 2006) Ans. 1 (AMLETE, Summer 2004) Ans.o i [fra ane. 203) aff Pee i cP IF 1 pier a ae eee LL ese eamtensceny ial ff epee a Te fee : #4942 = 1, lying inthe frst octan Ceol 1 ILL 19-4 arayac where rime volume of the tetrahedron bounded by x= 0,y= 0,2 = 0 timn Ans, —{ tn fee T+ mensl Sana 13. rdzdrdd Ae Teas 4. 2 dedy dz troughout the volume bounced by the planes x « y¥=0,2=0, abe Ans S50 1S. Theva ofthe nega fx de dy de over he domain E bounded by planes «= 0, y=, 2=0, tyke is i 1 1 1 OT OG Om Os UMere Dec. 2005) Ans. (c) 29 VOLUMES f ff acayas, ; ‘The elementary volume By is bx. by 8 and therefore the volume of the w! hole solid is obtained! by evaluating Aseria ase p= BV = br dy 52 9 ee ei Y= SS farses - Note : () Mass = volume x density = Fl fodcayarig is the densin Example 34. Find the volume Of the region bounded by the 2 surface Y = 2.x = 2 and the planes 2 Solution, y = 2; 2 sey, en NE SE 115 Multiple Integrals Required volume = [ f furdya (em ay = fiacfiw fac “fa fale of 3. (@-2) ae sf 2 Ans. Example 38. Calculate the volume of the solid bounded by the surface x = 0.Y = 0, Iv+my+ne = Land 2 = 0, (AMLE.TE., Summer 2003) Solution. x= 0, y= 0,2=Oand lxtmy+ne = ! 1-b) (o 2vares fondo} (-le-m) (9 3 ares fo 015 (in xvas fom 01! fa-u ve fl faedrac = fi ac [5 fea [fa-tm] ds [a -y Hat) 8 ct | Calculate the volume of the solid bounded by the following surfaces: Example 36. 20, PtP el, xtytead Solution xttytal raed xtyte=3 2) r=0 0) (i zvaries from 0t03~ x-¥- Vi-x? to Vi-a7 (ii)_y varies from ~ (iii) x varies from -1 to+1 MUM Integy ° en i =P ucl : (e-2yt-2Wewi a= J [to Tae ae To hae = (l= Evitple 37, Find the volume bounded by the eylinder +y? = 4 aid the planes y+z = 3 and z = 0. Solution. Baytad A) yee (2) z=0 -@) (0 2 varies from 0 10 3 ~ y. (ii) y varies from ~ Va=x2 to Y=? (iti) x varies from ~ 2 to + 2. 42 MF te Requited volume L ds foo i standing on the area common 10 the yon ° narabi # = y and cut off by the surface z = 124 a [et Solitio, y? = x : Bey 25 +y-2 1g vaflafig fs ‘utupie Integrals 7 = 560+35-40- 14428 _ 569 Ans. 140 = 00 Example 39. ting oy triple integration the volume of a solid bounded by the sphere P+y2+2 = 4 and the paraboioid e+y? = 32 (AMLETE., Winter 2004) Solution. x?+)?+22 = 4 or 2 = Va=e =? @) and Pts k o 22 2tF 3 Limits of z are Va—x2—y? and ae Area of eross section at the intersection of (1) and (2) is given by 4— 27 — or (2 +y2 +9249) —36= or (2-+)2-3) G24)? +12) =0 = 2 +y?=3, a circle is the area of cross section. ae vel fJacayac =ffece freee sffae[sJee” ~ [ew [FA] (2+)? = 7, dedy = rdodr) Limits of rare 0 to V3 and that of @ are from 0 to 2r.. ae Ans. Example 40. Find the volume of the solid bounded by the parabolic y? +2 = 4x and the plane x = 5. Solution. y?+2 = 4%, * Sa Matipte a Pane la ol oT prekel oe te oe aE we faform (Se O* : Ans. | ax[2] = 50" 12 Io = 4and the planesy + z= 4 i oo | id 2 agtPle 1. Find he volume bounded bythe ide =? +)? and 2 =o Solution, Pty ad or yn tor ee yer=4 of z= 4-y an 0 z # Varies from ~2 10 +2, Y= SS fdcdyae “Laleel? é -fa lf -f & [ben belete 4 oF =f, de Wea ~2)+4 ren” (ii) x varies from — at + ee Required volume = f de fas a fe : ca a Multiple Integrals 0 dx (2 Vax-2) =a fx Na-x dx ‘a Put x =a sin?® dx=2asin 0 cos0d0 e+ysar = 4¥a asin? @Va—asin®O .2asin@ cos0d8 Bart y¥=0 0 ay = sof” sin? 6 cos? 6 d 0 5h + r= GP Ans. Example 44, Find the volume cut off from the sphere x +y?tz? = a? by the cylinder P+)? = ax Solution. Cylindrical Co-ordinates x= rcos0; y= rsin® = aPTT N Multiple Integr 120 2 Vey sar ureosO or r= acos0 Jf faaee =f JJ dana aoe = [af raed got =4 [of rar de cos WT 24 [of ata = di sn ee? 2 =1)2 (g-2 | =4f ol(2}3 Del 2 4(% (ab sin? 0) a0 = $f" aore-Peostey—e'l = 3], ° 3m 3 (n_2 =e sind yao = #f5] ao ° Example 45. Find the volume of a solid bounded by the spherical surface 2P4)?+2 = 4a? and the cylinder x2 +y? ~ 2ay = 0. Solution. Petts ad (1) P+y-2g 2) Considering the section in the positive quadrant of the xy-plane and taking z to be positive (that is volume above the xy-plane) and: changing to polar co-ordinates, (1) becomes PrPsdd of 2=4g-7 a 2=Via—7 (2) becomes > 2arsin@ = 0 or r= 2asinO 2asino * at fel, raf a Volume = fff de dy dcx ace asin@ = dl y 44 4], «| Foto =4/ [-teat— tsi 9+ sai] Multiple Integrals 12 ex! 3, Find the volume cut from the paraboloid 4z = «+ y?by plane z= 4 eee f. Udegthietipal nde ehecati per ofinhn ALE Seer 280) hae Sue 4, Find the volume of the ellipsoid eye Siegel ans, 20b€ ye volume bounde 2 5. nde vlan oud te dna ae ad ae Bars 86 @ Stete Ans. 285 (b) bee mysnz = 1. (AMIETE., Winter 200!) An. Th &- Find the volume cutof from the paraboloid.? +242 = 1 by the plane =°0 Au 4. Find the volume ofa cone of height hand base radi. kee “eel wae Find the volume ofthe solid bounded by the suracesz=0, 3z=x°+y* andi ty? = 9 (AMIETE, Summer 2005) 4 Obiain the volume bounded by the surface = = © ( A(t fda cntnt te tin en py + 3 = 1, 220° andwherea, b>0. (A.MLE.TE. Dec. 2005) 40, The triple integral J f [de dy de gives 7 (a) volume of region T (6) surface area of region T (Gara ofregionT _ (@)density of region T z (AMIETE, Dec, 2006) Ans. (0) 2.10 SURFACE AREA N Let z= fey) be the surface S. Let its PRS, projection on the x-y plane be the region 4 Consider ‘an element 5x. By in the region A. Erect a cylinder on 0) | i the element &r-5y having its generator parallel to OZ ‘and meeting the surface S in an element of area bs. the tangent plane to S at P, be. bx By = 85 C087, Where 7 is the angle between the xy-plane and” st is the angle between the Z-axis and the normal to S st P 2) = 0 are proportional to “The direction cosines of the normal to the surface F (x, ‘OF aF oF &x' ay’ ; i ae _& ‘the direction of the normal to S[F = /(&,y)~2] are proportional © ~a, et and those of the Z-axis are 0,0, 1+ a o eee — Verahn, Vee Veh) + a eA am i Multiple Integra, +m M2) 1 cos 0=hhy+mm ma = SBE Vf) 4B) 1] bem JIN(} +f andy i Peyeg felution. 22422 = 4 jes Hence the required surface area = LN) + +1] ay of 2 dedya 16] ty 0% Ver 3a-e 2 1 =16 (NTF) de Sa 2 = fade = 16¢2)2 = 32 Ans, 3 Example 47, Find the su "Pace area ofthe sphere 2+ y#+ 22 = 9 lying inside the cylinder Pty? = 3y, felution. = 24,242.29 21Y Yi Pye 3y oe Beary, = 3rsing ae Hence the required surface area T r= 3sing, Matiple integral grals tb =fJ & r +1 | dedy . a m2 hte ee =4 3, dodr = 12] a0 fae [ Totan nal Py 2 of ao [=A aaa O +) 8 > m 2 = 36] (00s 9+ 1)d8 = 36(—sin +0), : = 36[-145 |= 180-2 Ans. . Example 48. Find the surface area of the section of the cylinder x°+y" = a? made by the plane x+y +z =a, Solution ue 0) pee @) ‘The projection of the surface area on xy-plane is ircle Bays @ Hence the —— surface area =f J TNR (5)" wa =a] ii cs : ee 0 fear “ sl —: | i a : ool +E sin af 3 sled s| : +6 (3) = ra Ans. Example 49. Find the area of that part of the surface of the paraboloid yetalar which lies between the cylinder, y? = ax and the plane x = a, Solution. yt? = lax Al) yaa 2) xa @) Differentiating (1), we get [2238 Prats leat i fi aE 1% Egeo [P28] 4 de aan ee OT fe Ee of PVs =a crete 26 [aera srt feos ( Fall WE [Varta a 2% Va = Sieg" = a BS-1) Ans. PRERCISE 26 1. Find the surface area of sphere x2+y?+ 7" = Ans. 647 2. Find the surface area ofthe portion of the ote -yt = Ayling inside the sphere.?+j2422 = 16, Ans. 64. 3 Soe tate tae of surface cz = x intercepted by the cylinder 2 +)? = BP is J ELE cay, where dis te ‘area ofthe citelex? +)? = B32 = 0, Evaluate this integral by changing into polar coordinates, Ans. 32 [2 +02] 4. Find the area of the portion af the spherex?+ +2? = a? lying inside the cylinders?+)? = ay, Ans. 2 (2) a? 5. Find i ateaof the surface of the cone 2? 3 (2+) cuout by the Paraboloid z= x2 4 y2 Ce integral Ans. 6x Multiple Integrals 125 2.11 CALCULATION OF MASS Mass = : JJ Jeccdy dep where p is the density per unit mass, ample 50. Find the sie ple 50. Find the mass of «plate which ws formed by the co-oninate planes and the plane Spt Enh the densuy ts given by p=kx ys Solution. The aa lution. The plate 1s bounded by the planes x = 0, z= Oand + rar =k athe * = 42 few a - 42 fae ° hej 2 Je ka BY % nf 24 _ Rabe ait 12 o _ Rabe’ i 12 ° de dy dz (kx2) Putz = csin’O 5 252 a? BP gin? @ (1 —sin® 8) (2 sind €0s 8 8) ° mn sin? 6 (cos* 6) sin @ cos 8 4 sin? 6 cos? 6.48 . e MES ARE Moltple Integr | ae 22 (218 a feet sais BR ¢ Pye A a - bape ane Hee alee Ans, 63 = HG katie 720 = Sr Tx6x508 212 CENTRE OF GRAVITY _ fffenasarae SfJxvaravae __ SJfroaeayae 5 ~Tifoacarde "Wfeaayac’ ”” [[foacarae of gravity of the positive OCtARt Of the the centre of BF Example $1. Find the co-ordinates oft sphere x) + y+ 22 = al, density being given = k 9% [ff xoacayae [Jf xaonere m Tirana [[eoowoe LJ J rededyae Converting into polar co-ordinates, x = rsin@cosd, »y=rsin@sind, z= rcos®, dedy dz =P sinO drd@ db mmo Solution, 8 al (rsin 8 cos 4)? (r sin @ sin 6) (r cos 6) (7? sin 8 dr d® dd) ee i i (rsin 8 cos 4) (r sin 8 sin 6) (r cos 8) (7? sin 8 dr d® do) i 1 Sin 80s 8 sin cos? dr d0 a eal f 1° sin? 0.008 8 sing cos $ dr a0 db 8 SOBs — i J sngeatoa Sn Deo f Pdr [ smal sin” 8cos 6 ree Sar Similarly 5 Multiple Integrals vr Hence CG. is| 194 16a 160 cera 2.13 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A SOLID Let the mass of an element of a solid of volume V be p dx By be. Perpendicular distance ofthis element from thex-axis_ = Wee Mut, of this element about the x-axis = p Bx 5y 8: += M1. of the solid about x-axis = [ J { pO2+ 22) drdyde Ans. MLL. of the solid about y-axis = f f fp (t+2)dxdyde Mul. of the solid about z-axis = ff fp (2+y?) dedyde ‘The Perpendicular Axes Theorem If fox and foy be the moments of inertia of a lamina about x-axis and y-axis respectively and Iz be the moment of inertia of the lamina about an axis perpendicular to the lamina and passing through the point of intersection of the axes OX and OY. Toz = lox lov x " ‘The Parallel Axes Theorem . M1. of a lamina about an axis in the plane of the Jamina equals the sum of the moment of inertia about a pé of lamina together with the product of the mass of the lamin a and square o between the two axes. arallel centroidal axis in the plane f the distance tap = beet MP Example 52. Find M.l. of a sphere about diameter. Solution. Let a circular disc of 8x thickness be perpen- dicular to the given diameter XX’ at a distance x from it. The radius of the disc = Va?— x Mass of the dise = px (a?—2°) Moment of inertia of the disc about a diameter perpendicular on it ipr(at- 2-2) = pp Rae} 2 MLL. of the sphere ple = Ema Example 53. The mass of a solid right circular eylinder of radius a and height h is M. Find the moment of inertia of the cylinder about (i) its axis (ii) a line through its centre of gravity perpendicular to its axis (ii) any diameter through its base Solution, To find MJ. about OX. Consider a disc at a distance x from Q at the base. MLL. of the disc about OX, Multiple Intogray 4 rigs pate 4 (aati 5 (a) AFT of thease bout a fine trough CO. an Petpendicislar to OX lov lor = lor lox+ lor = loz los = ylor (Mat) = MMU. of the dise about a line through CG = 3[ 2 naipds) 2 Aut of te dot dnee = (S2PH)P apa yea 4 ML of the dise about line GD = =P + (na? pdo)( *~ 2 ne 4 bout GD = js2aefwera(2) of.) 4 2222 ~ #420) 0 Hence, MJ. of cylinder al 34h 3 = Batok | nap (h 4 3 2 2 ph i sath , x69} - (ii) MLL of cylinder about line OB (through) base 2 lon = Ie u( 3) Ma MiP omer a Example 54, Find the moment of inertia and radius of gpration about z-aris of the region in the first octant bounded Dae, waa tee Solution. Let p be the density. Mi. of tetrahedron about z-axis = JJ fleddayeesyy ‘Muttipto integrals esha) = xy BP bre J [- ) 3) 3 7 : oe [3(0-3) B-8) Ju "Tif, a8 4) B() 4x 62 49 sinh [:{=- ar pate SoS) = pbel 22. o[2(5 2a = pbe| (2-242), 2 wove 2(5 a +ip(e-2erzenee8)] ? ay | - 214, CENTRE OF PRESSURE The centre of pressure of a plane area immersed in a fluid is the point at which th resultant force acts on the area. Consider a plane area A immersed vertically in a homogeneous liquid. Let x-axis be th line of intersection of the plane with the free surface. Any line in this plane and to x-axi is the y-axis, 7 Egy ae vt neg 130 Let P be th t (x,y). Thet 16 pressure at the point i PB By. Let (3.5) be the centr of pressure: Ki wff.necy = fre J j, Prdedy dx dy Similarly pe 1 bee Y Jf, paves «a fluid with its plane Example $5. A uniform semi-circular lamina is immerse ll) at Yertical and its bounding diameter on the free surface Ife A) position Sluid varies as the depth of the point below the free surface, ft ° f pressure of the lamina. Solution, Let the semicircular lamina be Pay = ot By symmetry its centre of pressure lies on OY. Let ky be the density of the fluid ‘dy Li ree SI, onrecer (p= b) J Pacey JJ) onaedy 4 : or SL @rnvae ff rea J as, ra | TS, Gy naray “TAs ft ach o yRdy * any point of the of the centre x (Put, x = asin8) Multiple Integrals 2 10. nL. 2 B. 14, 131 exencise27 1 an the co-ordinate planes, where ‘the density at any point P (x, y, 2) is k yz eae {rite density oi vars as the square ofthe stance ofthe point fom XOY pane, find the ‘mass of the volume common tothe sphere x2-+y2+2 = a? and cylinder + ans. +4 Find the mass of the plate inthe form of one loop of leminscate # = a?sin28, where = p = KP knot ans, At2 1. Find the mass of the plate which is insie the circle r = 2a cos @ and outside the circle r= a if the density varies as the distance from the pole Find the mass of a lamina in the form of the cardioid r = a +c056) whose density t any point varies asthe square of is distance trom the inal ln. ans, 2Ebet Find the centroid of the region in the frst octant bounded by 2+ + = Find the centroid of the region bounded by z = 4~ x’ —y* and +-y plane. |. Find the position of CG. of the volume intercepted between the parallelopiped + y* = a(a~2) and the plane z = 0. Ans. (0° 3) ‘A solid is cut of the eylinder ? + y* = aby the plane 2 = 0 and that part of the plane z = mex for which z is positive, The density of the solid cut off at any point varies as the height of the point above plane z = 0, Find C.G. of the soli. _ Ama 43m If an area is bounded by two concentric semi-circles with their common bounding diameter in a free Ans. 5 4g 3 (a+b) (+b) surface, prove thatthe depth of the centre of pressure is S42 S an ate 2 = 1s imme ey ns id 8 ar sl 1 en be at depth h, find the depth ofits centre of pressure. ans, het ‘A horizontal boiler has a flat bottom and its ends are plane and semi-circular, If itis just full of ‘water, show thatthe depth of centre of pressure of either end is 0.7 x total depth approximately. ‘A quadrant ofa circle of radius a is just immersed vercally in a homogeneous liquid with one edge in the surface. Determine the co-ordinates of the centre of pressure. uses Ans. (Fe Find the product of inertia of an equilateral tingle about two perpendicular ates ints plane at 2 vertex, one of the axes being along 2 side. ee et mesa Multiple Integra fensity varies ans Fey vais a Naz if abou Ans. 2kne, ond hel of radius 0 radius 7, a BM the Aer or g right circular eylndse ad ie bout NCC from the anit ee Ae ee 2h +3, ircular cone whose oF O70 | = ye ema ofc cra Serie ie (0 he ais of symmey 9 the diameter o fe to the pole. relative dr = a(l-e0s®) ans, 3a cardio r 1 ind the moment of inertia forthe area ofthe ea eae x closed by r= 1 Find the ML. about the tne 0 =F ofthe area en ipsoid octant of the ellipsoi 19. Bind uy f F the uniform sold in the form of oct wd the moment of inertia ofthe uni 22,2 ahs ans. LO a ae he caves = dar and 3? = 4g, tween the curves oth he momento nei fe are nade eve about the axis is 144 cluded between the curves. 35 MO where Mt is the mass of area included epeted integral AMIE winter 2001) Ang f f seere, 40 Wey lertia Of a disc in the form ofa quadrant of 9 circ le of radius ‘a about bounding (OP 1 Semester 2093) 7 Show thet the Principal axes atthe origin of the triangle enclosed Yasayegzly aia ate * where aod ( ab

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